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Terms in this set (231)Lesson One The Two Sides vocabulary vocabulary border state state on the border between the North and South: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri enlist To formally join a military force By the end of the Civil War, how many Americans had lost their lives? 600, 000 What were the border states? Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri Did slavery exist in the border states? yes Why were the border divided/ could not pick a side? They had close ties to the North AND the South In what ways were the border states important to the Union?
- Missouri: controlled parts of the Mississippi River and major routes to the West What was Maryland perhaps the most important border state? It was close to the Confederate capital, Richmond VA. What would happen if Maryland seceded from the Union? The North's capital would be surrounded by the Confederacy (states of MD and VA) Was Lincoln successful in keeping the border states in the Union? Yes, but many border state residents still supported the Confederacy What were some strengths/advantages of the North/Union? -larger population What were some strengths/ advantages of the South/Confederacy? -excellent military leaders and a strong fighting spirit -since the war was fought primarily in the South, Confederates knew the land and had the will to defend it What were the goals of the Confederacy during the Civil War? to become an independent nation What were the goals of the North during the Civil War? restore the Union Was it President Lincoln's ORIGINAL aim for the Civil War to defeat slavery? no, not originally What were the Confederacy's strategies/ plan for the war? conduct a defensive war win the support of Great Britain and France What was the Union plan for the Civil War? The Anaconda Plan What was the North's main goal for the Civil War? maintain the Union Who created the Anaconda Plan? General Winfield Scott Who was General Winfield Scott? a hero of the war with Mexico who believed that the North would have to destroy the South completely What did the Anaconda Plan propose? 1. the Union would blockade Southern ports 2. Gain
control over the Mississippi River 3. Capture Richmond, Virginia True or False: men were reluctant to enlist in the Union or Confederate army FALSE: men of all ages rushed to enlist What are some reasons that men enlisted in the Union or Confederate army? -patriotism How old was the average Civil War soldier? mid-20s Did any children/teenagers fight in the Civil War? If so, how? Yes, tens of thousands of soldiers were under 18 (some younger than 14). Many teenagers ran way from home and lied about their ages to get into the army. What group of people were not allowed to fight in the early days of the Civil War? free or enslaved African Americans Why did the Union refuse to let free African Americans enlist in their army (at first)? Union leaders worried that white troops would not accept African
American soldiers Why did the Confederacy refuse having African Americans fight? Did they ever change this and when? They did not want to give enslaved people weapons. Yes, they did change this policy, but not until the war's final, desperate days. How did the North feel at the beginning of the war? How did they think the war would end? They had high hopes for the war and expected a quick victory How did the South feel at the beginning of the war? How did they think the war would end? Had high hopes and expected a quick victory True or False: Most Americans incorrectly predicted how long the Civil War would last? TRUE: the Civil War lasted far longer than most Americans could have guessed How did Civil War soldiers keep in contact with their family and friends? some sent letters What did many soldiers write about in their letters? Their currents feelings Most of the time, where did soldiers live? What were these places like? In camps What happened to many of the wounded during the Battle of Shiloh? They lay in the rain for more than 24 hours waiting for treatment Due to the terrible realities of war (which many did not expect due to the general public's view of war at the time) what did many soldiers do? They deserted Lesson Two Early Years of the War When did the Civil War begin? April 1861 What was the first major battle of the Civil War? First Battle of Bull Run When was the First Battle of Bull Run? July 21, 1861 What happened during the First Battle of Bull Run? - 30,000 Union troops commanded by General Irvin McDowell attacked smaller Confederate force let by General P.G.T Beauregard How did Stonewall Jackson get his nickname? During the First Battle of Bull Run, General Thomas Jackson rallied the Confederates. Another general notes that he was holding his position "like a stone wall". Where did the First Battle of Bull Run occur? \northern Virginia, near a small river called Bull Run Results of the First Battle of Bull Run on Northerners -Northerners were shocked Who was winning most of the battle in the West? Who was in behind them? The Ulysses S. Grant and the North Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run on President Lincoln -President Lincoln named a new general-George B. McClellan to head the Union army in the East( the Army of the Potomac) and train the troops What was the major Union goal in the West? to control the Mississippi River and its tributaries Why did the Union want to control the Mississippi River and its tributaries? -Union ships could prevent Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas from
supplying the eastern Confederacy Who was the president of the Confederacy? Jefferson Davis When did the battle for the rivers begin during the Civil War? What happened? February 1862 What secret weapon did Southerner's believe would break the Union blockade of Confederate ports? the Merrimack What was the Merrimack? -A damaged frigate that had been abandoned by the Union(made of wood) What did the Confederates rename the Merrimack?
the Virginia What did the Virginia do? Attacked Union ships in the Chesapeake Bay on March 8, 1862 Why was the Virginia (the ironclad) so hard for the Union leaders to defeat? What did Union leaders fear would happen? Union shells just bounced off its iron sides How did the Union try to stop the Virginia (the ironclad)? How did this end? The North had their own ironclad: the Monitor Effect of the clash between the Virginia and the Monitor? raised spirits in both the North and the South In the West, why was General Grant and about 40k troops heading south toward Corinth, Mississippi? (what was significant about Corinth) it was a major railroad junction Where did the Union army camp in early April of 1862 when they were marching toward Corinth? Pittsburg Landing, near Shiloh Church Why did Confederates decide to strike again the Union forces camped at Pittsburg Landing? Why not wait? The Confederate leaders wanted to strike before more troops could arrive to reinforce the Union What happened during the Battle of Shiloh? Who won? April 6, 1862 What happened after the Battle of Shiloh/ what were the effects of the Battle of Shiloh? -Union troops laid siege to Corinth (forced the Confederates to withdraw). A few weeks after the Battle of Shiloh, another the North won another key victory in Louisiana. What was this? April 25, 1862 Significance of the Union capture of New Orleans - the Confederacy could no longer use the Mississippi River to carry its goods to sea Why was Richmond, Virginia important? It was the Confederate capital Why was Richmond, VA vulnerable to attack It was close to the Union What were Southern victories in the East largely the result of? the leadership of Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson What are two reasons for why Confederate forces could defeat much larger Union forces? The leadership of great generals (Robert E. Lee and
Stonewall Jackson) In 1862, in which Southern state did the Confederate enjoy a string of impressive victories? Virginia True or False: in 1862, the Confederacy won a string of victories over a single Union general FALSE: each victory was over a different general Give example of Southern victories in the Eastern US? Confederates turned back... Lee's army defeated Union force twice its size at the Battle of Chancellorsville How did these victories affect Lincoln and the North? Lincoln and the North felt embarrassed about these victories, for the much smaller Confederate forces were causing their respected generals and their largest forces to retreat. Lincoln was fearful of what this news would do to the country. As this information spread, the mood of the Union grew grim. They were also worried because they feared for what would happen if Maryland was captured by the Confederacy, surrounding the Union's capital of Washington, D.C. why did Lee resign from the US Army? Virginia seceded and he held more loyalty to his state than his country What were the two battle fought in the North during the Civil War? Gettysburg and Antietam Why did Confederate President Jefferson Davis urge Lee to move his troops into western MD (which was Union territory)? He wanted to move into Pennsylvania and bring the war deeper into the Northern states McClellan was following Lee with a sizable force. What did Lee do to confuse McClellan once in MD? He split his army into four parts and ordered each part to move in a different direction Why did Lee's plan never have a chance to work? A Confederate officer had lost his copy of the orders describing Lee's plan. Two Union soldiers found these orders and brought them to McClellan On September 17, 1862, where did the two sides meet near Sharpsburg, MD? Antietam What was the deadliest single day of fighting in the Civil War? The Battle of Antietam Who won the Battle of Antietam? union Why was Antietam important? The Battle of Antietam was important because it enabled the North to put down the Confederate invasion of its land. Additionally, the battle caused General Robert E. Lee to retreat into Virginia after suffering great losses. The momentum the South once had was diminished after General Lee's strategy of invading the North had failed in a deadly battle. As the Civil War progressed, how did President Lincoln's view of the war change? At first, Lincoln saw the Civil war as a battle for the Union, not against slavery. As the war went on, Lincoln changed this and began to rethink slavery's role. Why was Lincoln reluctant to make the Civil War a battle to end slavery? fear of losing the border states Who tried to convince Lincoln to make the war a fight to end slavery? What reasons did they give? Abolitionists,
including Frederick Douglas and Horace Greeley (newspaper editor) Since the US Constitution did not give the president the power to end slavery, how was Lincoln able to emancipate the slaves? The Constitution gave the president the power to take an enemy's property during wartime. Enslaved people were considered property by law. How did emancipation change the lives of enslaved people? Emancipation did not change the lives of all enslaved people overnight, and some living in loyal border states remained in bondage. Additionally, some enslaved people remained under the control of their holder in the South, awaiting a Union victory before gaining their freedom. What was the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation on the war's meaning? The government had declared slavery was wrong and clarified that a Union victory would end slavery in the US Lesson Three Life During the Civil War Vocabulary Vocabulary Habeas Corpus a legal writ, or order, that guarantees a prisoner the right to be heard in court draft a system of selecting people for required military service bounty reward or payment How did life change during the Civil War? many changes How many school-aged children went to School during the Civil War? about 1/2 Why did many children stop going the school during the Civil War? -stay
at home to help their families How were schools and churches used during the war? Some schools near battlefields and skirmishes closed due to safety concerns. Additionally, many schools and churches converted to hospitals for the wounded. Where did life change more dramatically: the North or the South? Why? In the South How did life in the South change during the Civil War? Southerners living in the paths of marching armies lost their crops and sometimes even their homes. Thousands in the South became refugees, and even those outside of the war zones suffered. Many people faced shortages of food and everyday supplies as the war continued. Due to this, the South depended on the outside world for nearly everything, causing many people to make do without. Who was Kate Cumming? a young woman from Mobile, Alabama, who left home to begin a career as a nurse for the Confederate Army of the Mississippi What roles did women take on during the war? Women on both sides found new leadership What were some challenges women faces during the Civil War? -suffered stress of having husbands away at war Why did many doctors oppose having female nurses? - "Women were too delicate for the bloody
work of wartime hospitals" Who was Mary Edwards Walker? The first female army surgeon What did Dorothea Dix do during the Civil War? -helped persuade officials to let women work as nurses Who was Clara Barton? Clara Barton a pioneering American nurse who founded the American Red Cross. Barton was a hospital nurse during the Civil War and was instrumental in the improvement of cleanliness. Who was Sally Tompkins? Established a hospital for soldiers in Richmond, Virginia Who was Rose O'Neal Greenhow? A spy that enterained Union leaders in Washington, D.C., gathering information of Union plans then passing on the information to the South Who was Harriet Tubman? Conductor on the Underground Railroad/ helped many slaves escape to the North. Who was Loreta Janeta Velazquez? disguised herself as a man to fight for the South at the First Battle of Bull Run and the Battle of Shiloh How were prisoners dealt with at the beginning of the Civil War? They were exchanged and treated with a mixture of sympathy and hostility Why were prison camps established? the system of exchange broke down due over issues such as the Confederate treatment of African American prisoners.
What were prisoners of war allowed to keep? The only possessions that soldiers were allowed to keep were his blanket and a cup or canteen What was Andersonville? a POW camp in Georgia that was supposed to hold 10,000 people, bu instead held 30,000 Where did men at Andersonville sleep? shallow holes they dug in the ground What were the rations men received each day at Andersonville? -teaspoon of salt what did men at Andersonville drink? water from a stream that also served as a sewer What hardships did soldiers in POW camps face? -food shortages (there was little or nothing to eat in the prisons) What was Elmira? A Union prison in New York where captured soldiers from the South suffered through the winter months without blankets and warm clothes. The hospital was located in a flooded basement, and a pond acted as both toilet and garbage dump about 1 in 4 prisoners at Elmira died What dangers/ risk did surgeons and nurses face? In the hospitals set up near battlefields, stray bullets and cannonballs flew by while they tried to take care of the wounded. They too were at risk of disease. What was a major medical threat in Civil War hospitals? Why? Disease Why did many white people in the South oppose the Civil War? It was costly in terms of lives, damage, food, materials, and money. People suffered from shortages everywhere. Hungry people took to the street, and bread riots broke out. What happened to the Democratic Party in the North? Why? It was split into the War Democrats and Peace Democrats. What did critics of the Peace Democrats call them? Copperheads Why were the Peace Democrats called Copperheads? This term was used pejoratively to indicate that the Peace Democrats were a threat to the Union. Opponents claimed that the Peace Democrats were encouraging the South to keep fighting. They believed that the war dragged on because the Confederates believed that Peace Democrats in the North would prevail. How did the Copperheads feel about their label? They embraced it proudly, even wearing copper pennies as badges on their clothing Why did President Lincoln suspend habeas corpus? To deal with war opponents in the North What is habeas corpus? Why might a president need to suspend it? Habeas corpus is a legal writ that guarantees a prisoner the right to be heard in war. A president might need to suspend this in cases of rebellion or invasion to keep the public safe. What did the draft passed by the Confederate Congress require/allow? -able-bodied white men between the ages of 18-35 were required to serve for three years At first, how did the North try to encourage volunteers to serve in the army? they offered a bounty What did the draft passed in the North include/require? Were there any exceptions? men aged 20-45 had to register In reference to Draft Laws, why would poorer people be upset? Poorer people were upset with the Draft Laws because they allowed men with enough money to hire a substitute for them. Later, a man with 20 or more enslaved people also did not have to serve. People in both the North and the South complained that it was a "rich man's war and a poor man's right". How did poorer people express their anger towards the draft? Many people rioted to protest them in several Northern cities. In NYC, as the first names were drawn, rioters attacked government and military buildings. Then, they turned against African Americans. Why did many white workers oppose the Emancipation Proclamation? They feared that free African Americans would take their jobs Which side was able to better cope with the costs of the war? Why? The North-they had greater resources What three ways did both sides pay for the Civil War? 1. they borrowed money
Why were Northern bills called greenbacks? They were green What happened to the North's economy during the war? 1. Industry profited from the war effort. Weapons, ammunition, shoes, uniforms, and other supplies necessary for the war were being manufactured in the North. 3. Goods were in high demand, so prices went up---faster than worker's wages. This inflation caused hardship for the workers What happened to the South's economy during the war? Why? 1. Farmlands and railroad lines were destroyed since many of Civil War battles occurred on Confederate soil. How did the South's economic hardships affect support for the Civil War? The support for the war fell due to the South's economic woes, for people did not see the incentive to keep fighting if it meant furthering their suffering. Lesson 4 The Strain of War entrench to place within a trench, or ditch, for defense; to place in a strong defensive position flank the side or edge of a military formation What was a key factor in the Confederate's military success in the East? the military leadership of Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson What encouraged Union commander General Ambrose Burnside to march his troops toward Richmond? Robert E. Lee had moved his army out of MD and into VA
What happened during the Battle of Fredericksburg? -General Burnside was marching his troops toward Richmond
Effects of the Battle of Fredericksburg -General Burnside resigned devastated What happened during the Battle of Chancellorsville? May 1863 Who won the Battle of Chancellorsville? Confederates Why was the Battle of Chancellorsville important? Confederate victory, but Stonewall Jackson was shot in the confusion of battle by Confederate soldiers. Surgeons had to amputate Jackson's and he developed pneumonia. Jackson died as a result of the illness and injury. Death cost the South one of its great leaders Why is morale important? High morale is an integral part of the success of any army, but low morale can cripple an army. Morale greatly affects the cohesion of a fighting force in addition to the soldiers' productivity and engagement. How many generals tried and failed to lead the Union to victory in less than a year? three Why did General George McClellan disappoint Lincoln? -commanded the Union forces at the Battle of Antietam How did General Ambrose Burnside disappoint Lincoln? Lincoln pushed Burnside to take aggressive action. Burnside lost Lincoln's favor after his crushing loss at Fredericksburg What did General Joseph Hooker do? -had been critical of other generals Who did Lincoln appoint to be in charge of the Union Army three days before the Battle of Gettysburg? (after Hooker resigned) General George Meade Why wouldn't Confederate leaders allow African Americans to enlist? feared that once they were armed, African American soldiers would attack their fellow troops or even begin a revolt. They only considered allowing them to enlist in the desperate last days of the war when defeat drew near. Why did President Lincoln hesitate at first to allow African Americans to enlist in the Union army? He feared that it would be unpopular with the border states What prompted Congress to reverse past policy and allow the formation of all-African American regiments? By 1862, it had become clear that the North needed more soldiers if they were going to defeat the Confederacy. Many African Americans were eager to fight. What was a requirement of African American soldiers to enlist? they had to be literate How were African American Union soldiers perceived at first? Many white Union regiments doubted their fighting ability. Other people resented them. Many Southern troops hated the Union's African American soldiers, often focusing their fiercest fire on African American regiments. How did the North's view of African American soldiers change? Their view changed once they saw how hard and effectively the African American soldiers fought What was the 54th Massachusetts Regiment? -one
of the first African-American regiments organized in the North How had the upper hand in the spring of 1863? the Confederates after their victory at Chancellorsville ruined Union plans to attack Richmond Why did General Robert E. Lee decide to take the war into the North once more? He sought to impress France and Britain. Similar to the strategy of the colonies during the Revolutionary War, although far outnumbered, the Confederacy sought the support of foreign nations. In their case, these nations were France and Britain, both of whom missed the goods, especially cotton, that the Southern planters had once supplied them. Lee thought that if the Confederates appeared to be winning, those nations might help their cause. How was Gettysburg chosen for a spot to fight a battle? Almost an accident that this gruesome and decisive battle was fought there What happened at the Battle of Gettysburg first? - The Union troops were outnumbered and retreated to Cemetery Ridge: high ground What did Lee's plan to defeat the Union at the Battle of Gettysburg include? 1. Confederates would fire almost 140 cannons at the Union lines What was General George Pickett's attack on Cemetery Ridge called? Pickett's Charge What was Pickett's Charge? Thousands of soldiers under General Pickett attacked the Union position by advancing across open land. Did Pickett's Charge work? At first, yes. The Confederates broke through the first line of Unit defense. However, in the end, half of the soldiers who started the attack lay dead or wounded on the ground Who won the Battle of Gettysburg? Union victory Significance of the Battle of Gettysburg 1. ended the Confederate hopes of gaining help from Britain or France 2. Lee/ the South never again tried to invade the North 3. 25, 000 casualties suffered by the Confederacy and 23,00 by the Union, the victor On they day Lee retreated from Gettysburg, the Confederacy suffered another major blow. Where was this? Vicksburg Mississippi What happened at Vicksburg? Vicksburg was an important river city. Grant's army surrounded the Confederate troops there. Then they began a siege of the town, preventing all food and supplies from reaching the Confederates. There were Union gunships on the river who supported Grant's troops by firing into the city. After the 47-day siege had ended, there had been more than 19,000 casualties and many soldiers died from disease or starvation. Who won the battle of Vicksburg? The Union Why was the Battle of Vicksburg important to the Union's strategy? it gave the Union more control over the Mississippi River, and, in turn, the Confederacy. Additionally, a few days after the fall of Vicksburg, the Confederacy lost its last stronghold on the Mississippi River, Port Hudson in Louisiana. This allowed the Union to be successful in splitting the Confederacy in two, as detailed in the Anaconda plan The Confederates had the upper hand in the spring of 1863. Who had the upper hand in the end of the summer of 1863? The Union had gained the advantage in the war by the summer of 1863 with their control gained in the Mississippi, successfully splitting the South in two. A crushing loss and Gettysburg and loss of foreign support for the Confederacy also played a role in the turning of the Civil War's tide. what was a theme of the Gettysburg Address? honor for the soldiers and their cause and an optimistic vision for the nation's future Why was the Gettysburg Address important? it addressed the principle of human equality, as detailed in the Declaration of Independence, and paid tribute to the men who sacrificed their lives for the preservation of a Union and the advancement of freedom. How were people feeling about the Civil War by 1863? after so many lives had been lost and ruined, in addition to the decimation of many businesses and farms decimated, people were anxious for the Civil War to come to a peaceful end Union: found new strength in their recent victories, looking forward to a war that would end in their victory Confederacy: hopes crushed and thousands perished, frustrated with the performance of their side and would no longer see any benefit in furthering the suffering Lesson 5 The War's Final Stages Vocabulary vocabulary resistance refusal to give in total war a strategy of bringing war to the entire society, not just the military Who was winning the Civil War by 1864? How/ What had they accomplished? The Union was winning Why did Lincoln choose Grant to lead the Union army? He was a brilliant soldier. He led Union troops to Victory at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga. Lincoln liked that Grant was a man of action and had determination, qualities the previous Union generals lacked. Grant wasted little time coming up with a plan to finish the war. He put the plan into action and assured Lincoln that he would march southward, attacking Lee's forces relentlessly until the Confederacy surrendered. What was Grant's plan for ending the war? He would deliver killing blows from all sides, with his armies moving into Richmond and General Sherman leading attacks across the Deep South. What were the three battles fought by Grant's army near Richmond in May and June of 1864? The Battle of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold Harbor What happened at the Battle of the Wilderness? Who won? In a densely wooded area halfway between DC and Richmond, the bloodiest weeks of the war began. Union and Confederate forces fought amongst the trees and could barely see. Grant had about 100k men while Lee only had about 60k. Grant lost 17k men and brushfires raged through the forest, burning 200 wounded men alive. The was no clear winner by the morning of the third day, so Grant moved his forces south toward Richmond What was the mood like amongst the Union soldiers during by the third battle at Cold Harbor? The mood was very grim. Men were writing their names and home addresses on slips of paper that they pinned to the backs of their coats to help people identify their bodies. The war seemed hopeless. What was Grant's mood during this time? He was determined and even told the White House that he would keep fighting even if it took all summer Why was Grant called a butcher? He lost a large number of men Why did Lincoln not replace Grant after he lost so many men? Grant was vital to the success of the Union. The sacrifices that Grant made led to the loss of many men, but the Confederacy was losing men as he fought. These were losses that their smaller army could not sustain. After the series of three battle fought near Richmond (Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor) where did Grant go? Petersburg Why was Petersburg important to the South? It was a railroad center vital to the Confederate movement of troops and supplies Why did Grant want to capture Petersburg? If he could take it, Richmond would be cut off from the rest of the Confederacy, making it easier to capture. What happened during the Siege at Petersburg? Grant laid siege on Petersburg, a railroad center vital to the Confederacy. The Confederates tried to defend the city, but they could not hold off the determined Union forces. Lee and his troops were weakened by desertion, sickness, and casualties. The Union army broke through Confederate lines in April of 1865 and Lee withdrew. While Grant and his forces attempted to break through Confederate lines at Petersburg, General William Tecumseh Sherman headed for --------- Atlanta, Georgia What happened with Sherman in Georgia? Sherman and his troops circled Atlanta where they faced John Hood, a brilliant Confederate general. Hood's forces put up major resistance, but Sherman laid siege, forcing Hood to abandon the city in September. What was the mood in the South like after Sherman had captured Atlanta? The mood became desperate as the prospect of defeat became more certain among white southerners. A South Carolinian woman even wrote in her diary "There is no hope, but we will try to have no fear." Who was David Farragut? Union Naval commander during the Civil War What happened at Mobile Bay? Farragut led a fleet of ships through a narrow channel into Mobile Bay in Alabama. Wanting to make sure he had a good view, Farragut climbed high up into the ship's rigging and had himself tied into place. Despite the water being mined with torpedos from the Confederate forts on both sides of the channel, Farragut pressed on. The mission was a success. Why was Mobile Bay an important target for the Union Navy? Mobile Bay was an important target for the Union Navy, as it allowed access to the last Southern Port east of the Mississippi which remained under Confederate control. What could have happened if Lincoln did not win reelection? An end to the Civil War and recognition of the Confederacy as an independent country Why did it seem unlikely that Lincoln would win reelection at first? Opposition to the war grew stronger in the North What Union victories helped Lincoln win reelection? the capture of Atlanta and blocking of Mobile Bay How did the Union victories at Atlanta and Mobile Bay help Lincoln win reelection? They convinced weary Northerners that Union victory was possible In response to Lincoln's reelection, what did Congress do? Why? The reelection of Lincoln was a clear sign that voters wanted a permanent end to slavery. Due to this, Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, banning slavery in the United States, Why did Sherman burn Atlanta? To break the South's will to continue the fight What did Sherman do after he captured and burned Atlanta? He had his troops march across Georgia toward the Atlantic, burning cities and farms as they went What was Sherman's March to the Sea? After the burning of Atlanta, he marched throughout Georgia and burned a trail of destruction, stopping at Savannah. Why did Sherman burn and destroy the South's land? It was part of his strategy called total war. His goal was to target the enemy's land and people, bringing the horrors of war to the general population. Despite crushing losses, the Confederacy was determined to fight on. The Union knew that to win the war, they would have to snuff out Southern hope and break their will to continue the fight. Sherman believed that mass destruction of Southern lands would bring about the end of the war. How did white Southerners feel about Sherman's march they were outraged, for Sherman was destroying their home and farms, stealing from them, killing their livestock, and tearing up their railroad lines and fields What did African Americans do in response to Sherman's march? What did they see it as? Thousands of African Americans left their plantation to follow the protection of Sherman's army. They saw the March to Sea as a march to freedom. Why did the Confederacy evacuate Richmond? How did they do this? he CSA evacuated Richmond after the Confederate Lines broke and Lee withdrew. Davis and his cabinet prepared to leave by gathering documents and ordering that all bridges and weapons that could be useful to the enemy be burned At first, even after Richmond had fallen, Lee believed that he should fight on. What changed his mind? Lee surrendered after the Union captured the train carrying food to his starving troops and completely surrounded his army. He knew that further resistance was hopeless. He had no more weapons or food. What were the terms of the surrender? 1. Lee's officers could keep their small firearms, and any soldiers with a horse could keep it Where did General Robert E. Lee surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant? a small town in Virginia called Appomattox Court House What were the costs of the Civil War? More lives were lost than in any other conflict in American history. As for monetary cost, the Civil War cost billions of dollars. Southern cities and farms were left in ruins? What were some positive results of the Civil War? The North's victory saved the Union. The war freed millions of African Americans. Why did the war leave the U.S. government stronger than ever before? The war clarified that the national government was more powerful than the states What difficulties did the US Government face as a result of rebuilding the South? The US Government did not know how to bring the Southern states back into the Union, nor the status in society of the newly freed African Americans. The cities, farms, economy, and much more in the South were in ruins. End of Chapter Assessment End of Chapter Assessment What was one advantage the Southern states had during the Civil War? They were familiar with the places where most battles occurred Gaining control of the Mississippi River enabled the Union to split the Confederacy into smaller parts During the war, the economy of the Confederacy was severely strained by the Union blockade and the destruction of Southern land and property. Which of the following is one advantage the Union had over the South? they had greater numbers of troops The city of Atlanta was burned as part of Sherman's total war strategy. Control of the sea was significant during the Civil War because the Union was able to cut off the Confederates' ability to export goods Sets found in the same folderCivil War era86 terms buteraj United States History Civil War to the Present Cha…25 terms mrsvanceTeacher History 1493 Exam 3 TCC David Ruskoski48 terms han_jo_ho Exam 3 key terms61 terms han_jo_ho Other sets by this creatorSpanish Chapter 4 Vocabulary 144 terms Hlinnartz_21 Vocabulary Unit 12 Definitions and Part of Speech20 terms Hlinnartz_21 Social Studies Chapter 22: The Progressive Era108 terms Hlinnartz_21 Spanish Chapter 3: ¡Así se dice!34 terms Hlinnartz_21 Verified questions
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vocabulary In the following sentences, underline each adjective. Then, draw an arrow from the adjective to the word it modifies. Do not include the articles *a, an*, and *the*. **Example 1**. The $\underline{\text{yellow}}$ balloon soared over the $\underline{\text{steep}}$ roof of the house. Tony can bring fifteen chairs to the graduation party, if you need them. Verified answer Recommended textbook solutions
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What did fighting a defensive war mean for the Confederates quizlet?What did fighting a defensive war mean for the Confederates? Since the weapon technology was basically equal, it was an advantage for the Confederates. The scale of Civil War bloodshed was compareable to that of which other conflict? War of the Triple Alliance.
What was the Union's military strategy quizlet?The Union strategy for winning the war was to blockade confederate ports, control the Mississippi river, take Richmond, destroy southern morale, and to outlast the south with superior numbers. Smaller ships that avoided the Union blockade.
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Why did Union soldiers feel that it was so important to defend the Union Quizlet
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