The transformation of Agriculture was a key feature of Stalinism. Stalin’s rule saw the Collectivisation of Agriculture. This was the creation of State controlled farms. It saw mass migration and the persecution of the Kulak class. At the beginning of Stalin’s rule, Agriculture lagged behind other countries. A programme of Collectivisation was introduced. This programme was target driven. The farms, kolkhozes, became state controlled and geared towards improving productivity and efficiency. The Collectivisation programme was opposed by Kulaks. They were liquaded as a class and massive famine was caused by the enforcement of the Collectivisation policy. Show  Collectivisation of Farms under StalinStalin wanted the Soviet Union to have more efficient farms. Agriculture needed to embrace modern technologies. Russia and the other Soviet states had historically produced less food than the country required. Using new farming methods and introducing a new system was needed to change this. With an aim of transforming agriculture so that it produced a surplus, the concept of Collectivisation was introduced. Collectivisation saw the creation of ‘collective’ farms. These, called kolkhozes, would replace smallholdings held by peasants with larger farms. The idea here is to have large fields in which crops can be sown, grown and harvested using modern machinery. Farm workers would live and work together. Fewer workers would be needed and output would be more crops. Early, optional, CollectivisationIn 1927 the idea was put forward to the peasants. Rural areas were encouraged to adopt the kolkhoz method.Items such as Tractors were made available for these new collective farms. The peasantry were being encouraged to adapt to the new idea and take advantage of the opportunity. It was hoped that the peasants would take up the idea and send more food to the towns. Not many kolkhozes were set up between 1927 and 1929. Stalin’s idea was to all intents and purposes, ignored by the peasants. This slowed down the growth of towns and caused a supply problem for the new industrial workforce. In 1930, Pravda Newspaper announced a change of policy. Collectivisation would no longer be optional. All farms would hand over their land, crops and livestock. The KulaksThe peasantry had several tiers of ‘class’. Some had a reasonably good lifestyle in the system that Stalin was wanting to replace. The Kulaks hated Stalin’s idea. It would deprive them of the life they were accustomed to. They would lose the benefits that they had enjoyed of being the better off farmers. On the one hand you had angry Kulaks who did not want change. On the other, Stalin who had ideological reasons for changing the workings of Agriculture and an acute need to reform the sector. As Stalin’s orders to enforce collectivisation were carried out, many Kulaks responded by burning crops, killing livestock and damaging machinery. Millions of cattle and pigs were slaughtered and left to rot. Estimates of the quantity vary between 20% and 35% of all livestock being deliberately killed. The result was a famine. The country struggled to feed itself. Enforced Collectivisation and the Great FamineStalin altered the way in which Collectivisation was implemented. Peasants would be allowed to retain a small plot of land for themselves. However this policy was short-lived. In 1931 the enforcement of the Collectivisation programme was by force. Around two thirds of farms had been changed. The third that resisted were forced to. In areas of fierce resistance to the idea, violence was common. The Kulak’s were driven from the land. Many were sent to Gulags or forced to migrate to Siberia to work in lumber yards. Massive areas of arable land had been damaged by the Kulaks. The famine that followed in 1932 was catastrophic. In Ukraine, 5 million people died of starvation. Kulak’s who had not already migrated were forced to, or executed. By 1934 some 7 million Kulak’s had been killed. The process continued throughout the 1930’s. By the end of the decade 99% of farms were kolkhozes. Reasons for Collectivisation:
Outcomes of Collectivisation
Links – Russia and the Soviet Union – Life in the Soviet Union – Impact of Stalin’s Social Reforms BBC Bitesize – revision guide
How did collectivization of agriculture differ between the Soviet Union and China quizlet?7. How did the collectivization of agriculture differ between the USSR and China? In Russia, the peasants had spontaneously redistributed the land among themselves, an the Bolsheviks ratified their actions. In China,collectivization during the 1950s was generally a peaceful process.
What is collectivization and how did China use it?In a process of collectivization that started in 1953, the farmers were first organized in so-called mutual help teams. These were gradually merged into lower agrarian cooperatives. During the Great Leap Forward, these lower forms of cooperatives would be merged into huge People's Communes.
Why did collectivisation fail in China?The production collapsed because the success of an agricultural collective ultimately depends on a self-enforcing agreement, in which each member promises self-discipline. However, a self-enforcing agree- ment is not sustainable in a one-time game.
How did Chinese communism differ from Soviet communism quizlet?Chinese communism differed from Soviet communism, especially on Marxist ideology. A main difference was their view of the peasantry as playing a major role in the communist revolution. On the other hand, Soviets put their trust in a "revolutionary elite" of intellectuals and urban workers instead of the rural poor.
|
How did collectivization of agriculture differ between the soviet union and china?
Urheberrechte © © 2024 de.apacode Inc.
