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Terms in this set (76)Service Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it Settlement A permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work, and obtain services 2/3, 1/2 Services generate more than ________ of GDP in most developed countries and ________ in most developing countries Consumer, business, public What are the three subdivisions of the service sector? Consumer services Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services B Which is not one of the main types of consumer services? Business services
Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services 1/4 ______________ of all jobs are in business services Professional, financial, transportation What are the three main types of business services? FIRE: Finance, insurance, real estate What is financial services often referred to as and what does it stand for? Public services Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses. Global recession of 2008 What impacted the service sector the most? Because locating near the consumers is what services want to do however finding the optimal amount and type of land as well as the best location is difficult Why is it both easy and difficult to determine the optimal location for a service? Central Place Theory A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. Sedona, Marana, Yuma What are some examples of market towns in Arizona? Bisbee What is an example of a village in Arizona? Flagstaff, Scotsdale What are some examples of towns in Arizona? Phoenix What is an example of a city in Arizona? Town a nucleated settlement that contains a CBD but that is small and less functionally complex than a city Market Town A town with a market, not much else around Village A community of people smaller than a town Disney workers (leisure), Grocers (retail), Private tutor What are some examples of consumer services?
Architect, Lawyer (iffy), accountant What are some examples of business services? Cops, Military (most govt jobs) What are some examples of Public Services? Central Place A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area. Market area or Hinterland The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services. Range The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. Threshold The minimum number of people needed to support the service Rank-size rule A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. Primate City Rule A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. Primate City The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. Gravity Model A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service. Market Area A _________________ is a good example of a nodal region Range and Threshold To determine the extent of a market area, geographers need two pieces of information about service: _____________ and _____________ Concert, professional ball game The range for activities such as _____________ is high Groceries, coffee, clothing The range for activities such as _________________ is low Compute the Range, Compute the threshold, draw the market area How does one decide whether a new store will be profitable in an area? Linear Settlement Buildings clustered along a river, road, or dike to facilitate communications nonlinear settlement The best location of a service in a ______ settlement is determined by first identifying where potential users live, measuring the distance the users would travel from the site, dividing each potential user by the distance to the potential site, and then adding all of the results and dividing by the distances. Finally, compare the results for all possible sites to determine the optimal location for the service. best location minimizes distance car must travel to deliver to all potential customers; responds to median; gravity model; the service should be located with half the customers to the north and half to the south. If the distribution of customers isn't equal, you locate near the most customers How is the best location in a linear settlement determined? 1. identify a possible site How is the best location in a nonlinear settlement determined? overlapping hexagons of different sizes based on the four levels of market area (in order from smallest to largest) -- hamlet, village, town, city Explain the nesting pattern of services and settlements. Economic, Political, Cultural, and Infrastructural What are the factors used to identify global cities Economic factors Includes number of headquarters for multinational corporations, financial institutions, and law firms that influence the global economy Political factors Includes hosting headquarters for international organizations and capitals of countries that play a leading role in international events Cultural Factors Includes presence of renowned cultural institutions, influential media outlets, sports facilities, and educational institutions Infrastructural Factors Includes a major international airport, health-care facilities, and advanced communications systems Offshore financial services and Back-office functions What are the two types of business services in developing countries Basic industry Industry producing goods or services for sale to other regions Nonbasic Industry Industry producing goods or services for sale within the local region Economic Base A community's collection of basic industries. Examples of settlements specializing in business services General business: Chicago, LA, NY, San Francisco; Computing and data processing services: Boston and San Jose; High-tech industries support services: Austin, Orlando, and Raleigh-Durham; Military activity support services: Albuquerque, Colorado Springs, Huntsville, Knoxville, and Norfolk; Management-consulting services: DC Examples of settlements specializing in consumer services Entertainment and recreation: Atlantic City, Las Vegas and Reno; Medical services: Rochester, Minnesota Examples of settlements specializing in public services State capitals; large universities; military bases Clustered rural settlement a rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement Circular rural settlements These comprise a central open space surrounded by structures Economic, political, cultural, infrastructural factors What four factors are used to identify global cities? Global cities _____________________ may be centers of national or international political power Taxes (Low or nonexistent) and privacy (Bank secrecy to evade discloser in their home countries) What two important functions in the global circulation of capital do offshore centers provide? Answering phones and questions What are back-office functions comprised of? Low wages and the ability to speak English Why are certain developing countries attractive to back offices Talent distribution peeps with talents gravitate places with more cultural diversity and job opportunities; relationship between talent and diversity (Washington, San Francisco, Boston, and Seattle ranked highest) Talent A combo of the percentage of ppl in the city with college degrees, the percentage employed as scientists or engineers, and the percentage employed as professionals or technicians. Number of cultural facilities per capita, the percentage of gay men, and a coolness index What are three measures of cultural diversity? Coolness Index Combined the percent of population in their 20s, the number of bars and other nightlife places per capita, and the number of art galleries per capita Dispersed rural settlement A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages. Linear rural settlement Comprise buildings clustered along a road, river, or dike to facilitate communications Protection, shared goods and services, preserve culture and religion Why would people be in a clustered rural settlement? Enclosure Movement The 18th century privatization of common lands in England, which contributed to the increase in population and the rise of industrialization.
Brought greater agricultural efficiency but destroyed self-contained world of village life. What is an advantage and disadvantage of the enclosure movement? Provide consumer services (Burying dead) Why were the first early settlements formed? Religion, Protection What are examples of early public services? Food storage What are examples of early business services? Mesopotamia (then diffused west to Egypt and east to China) Where did the earliest urban settlements originate? Urbanization An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. Large size (In rural settlements you know most of the other inhabitants because not many people but in urban settlements you only know a small percentage of the other residents), High density (Lots of people in urban areas but not many in rural. This can create social consequences for urban residents but also encourages competition), Social Heterogeneity (The larger the settlement the greater variety of people) What three characteristics produce differences in the social behavior of urban and rural residents? Students also viewedChapter 12: Services & Settlements50 terms AP Human Geography Chapter 12 - Services and Settl…52 terms Unit 6- Urban Land Use29 terms Chapter 12: Services and Settlements Key Issues.64 terms Sets found in the same folderAP Human Geography Chapter 13: Urban Pat…56 terms AP Human Geography- Chapter 12 Services (Questions)56 terms AP Human Geography Chapter 11: Industry…116 terms AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 12- Services and Settlements55 terms Other sets by this creatorAP US History Unit 1 B47 terms Neurotransmitters (AP Psychology)15 terms Irregular past participles15 terms APUSH Unit 1A Terms57 terms Recommended textbook solutions World History and Geography: Modern Times1st EditionJackson J. Spielvogel 736 solutions
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Which two factors influence the location of back office services in developing countries Quizlet
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