Presentation on theme: "Motivation and theories of motivation"— Presentation transcript: 1 Motivation and theories of motivation Show
2 Arousal Theory A different explanation for motivation, known as arousal theory, focuses on risk-taking behaviors. Activities such as
river rafting, skydiving, and bungee jumping clearly don’t satisfy any survival need—in fact, many of them threaten a person’s survival. Still, people engage in these activities despite the dangers involved. Because of this, some psychologists believe that motivation is somehow connected to what they call “arousal.” Bullet # 1 A different explanation for motivation, known as arousal theory, focuses on risk-taking behaviors. Activities such as river rafting, skydiving,
and bungee jumping clearly don’t satisfy any survival need—in fact, many of them threaten a person’s survival. Still, people engage in these activities despite the dangers involved. Bullet # 2 Because of this, some psychologists believe that motivation is somehow connected to what they call “arousal.” Arousal theory holds that people are motivated to act in ways that keep them at their own personal optimal level of arousal. Proponents of this theory see arousal as a physiological
phenomenon that can be measured by tracking changes in a person’s brainwaves or heart and muscle tension. Bullet # 3 Some psychologists believe that a link exists between arousal and certain personality types. These people are more susceptible to boredom than most and consequently tend to be “sensation seekers” (Zuckerman, 1979).
3 Arousal Theory Arousal theory holds that people are motivated to act in ways that keep them at
their own personal optimal level of arousal. Proponents of this theory see arousal as a physiological phenomenon that can be measured by tracking changes in a person’s brainwaves or heart and muscle tension. Some psychologists believe that a link exists between arousal and certain personality types. These people are more susceptible to boredom than most and consequently tend to be “sensation seekers” (Zuckerman, 1979). Bullet # 1 A different explanation for
motivation, known as arousal theory, focuses on risk-taking behaviors. Activities such as river rafting, skydiving, and bungee jumping clearly don’t satisfy any survival need—in fact, many of them threaten a person’s survival. Still, people engage in these activities despite the dangers involved. Bullet # 2 Because of this, some psychologists believe that motivation is somehow connected to what they call “arousal.” Arousal theory holds that people are motivated to act in ways that
keep them at their own personal optimal level of arousal. Proponents of this theory see arousal as a physiological phenomenon that can be measured by tracking changes in a person’s brainwaves or heart and muscle tension. Bullet # 3 Some psychologists believe that a link exists between arousal and certain personality types. These people are more susceptible to boredom than most and consequently tend to be “sensation seekers” (Zuckerman, 1979).
4 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Theory 5 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Theory 6 Incentive Theory Rewards and punishments
shape behavior 7 Biological vs. Social Needs 8
Arranging Needs Abraham Maslow, an important humanist psychologist, believed that people have many needs that compete with one another. For example, you may be very tired at this moment but your desire to excel in your psychology class (achievement) may be stronger; consequently, you remain awake and try to pay attention. Maslow believed that our motives are organized hierarchically, and that we must first satisfy our most basic biological
needs before we satisfy our social ones. Bullet # 1 Abraham Maslow, an important humanist psychologist, believed that people have many needs that compete with one another. For example, you may be very tired at this moment but your desire to excel in your psychology class (achievement) may be stronger; consequently, you remain awake and try to pay attention. Bullets #2–3 Maslow believed that our motives are organized hierarchically, and that we must first satisfy our
most basic biological needs before we satisfy our social ones. 9 Maslow’s Pyramid Maslow illustrated his theory by arranging needs in pyramid fashion, with basic needs like food, water, and warmth at the bottom. Before we can progress up the pyramid, we have to first take care of these basic needs.
The second level of Maslow’s pyramid contains needs relating to safety, security, and survival. After that comes love and esteem needs, followed by “growth” needs such as knowledge, understanding, and aesthetic appreciation. The highest level of the pyramid represents what Maslow called “self-actualization,” or the need to fulfill one’s potential. Maslow believed that if people couldn’t fully use all of their talents they would become
frustrated. Bullet # 1 Maslow illustrated his theory by arranging needs in pyramid fashion, with basic needs like food, water, and warmth at the bottom. Before we can progress up the pyramid, we have to first take care of these basic needs. Bullet # 2 The second level of Maslow’s pyramid contains needs relating to safety, security, and survival. After that comes love and esteem needs, followed by “growth” needs such as knowledge, understanding, and aesthetic
appreciation. Bullet # 3 The highest level of the pyramid represents what Maslow called “self-actualization,” or the need to fulfill one’s potential. Maslow believed that if people couldn’t fully use all of their talents they would become frustrated. 10 Film: Stand and Deliver What theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to go skydiving?Opponent-process theory of motivation explains the best why some people engage in high-risk activities, such as sky-diving or mountain climbing.
Which theory of motivation explains why people climb mountains?Humanistic Theory
According to this theory, humans are driven to achieve their maximum potential and will always do so unless obstacles are placed in their way.
Which theory concept would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies?Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies? hierarchy of needs theory.
Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation?Terms in this set (16)
Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation? The arousal theory of motivation would be most helpful for explaining why...
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