Which term refers to undue tension and anxiety about oral communication written communication or both?

A number of barriers can retard effective communication. The most important ones are:

·Filtering: Filtering refers to a sender’s purposely manipulating information so the receiver will see it more favorably. A manager who tells his boss what he feels the boss wants to hear is filtering information. Factors such as fear of conveying bad news and the desire to please the boss often lead employees to tell their superiors what they think they want to hear.

·Selective Perception: Receivers can selectively see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background and other personal characteristics. Receivers also project their interests and expectations into communication as they decode them.  We don’t see reality. We interpret what we see and call it reality.

·Information Overload:  What happens when individuals have more information than they can sort and use? They tend to select, ignore, pass over or forget. Or they may put off further processing until the overload situation ends. In any case, lost information and less effective communication results.

 ·Emotions: You may interpret the same message differently when you are angry or distraught than when you are happy. For example, individual in positive moods are more confident about their opinions after reading a message. People in negative moods are more likely to scrutinize messages in a greater details whereas those in positive moods tend to accept communications at face value.

 ·Language: Even when we are communicating in the same language, words mean different things to different people. Age and context are two of the biggest factors that influences such differences. Our use of language is far from uniform. If we knew how each of us modified the language, we could minimize communication difficulties, but we usually don’t know. Senders tend to assume the words and terms they use mean the same to the receiver as to them. This assumption is often incorrect.

 ·Silence: It is easy to ignore silence or lack of communication, precisely because it is defined by the absence of information. Silence and withholding communication are both common and problematic. Survey found that more than 85% of managers reported remaining silent about at least one issue of significant concern. Employee silence means managers lack information about ongoing operational problems. And silence regarding discrimination, harassment, corruption and misconduct means top management cannot take action to eliminate this behavior. People who are silent about important issues may also experience psychological stress.

 ·Communication Apprehension: As estimated 5 to 20 percent of the population suffers debilitating communication apprehension or social anxiety. These people undue tension and anxiety in oral communication or written communication or both. They may find it difficult to talk with other face-to-face or may become extremely anxious when they have to use the phone. Some people severely limit their oral communication and rationalize their actions by telling themselves communicating is not necessary for them to do their job effectively.

 · Lying:  The final barrier to effective communication is outright misrepresentation of information or lying. People differ in their definition of what constitutes a lie. As per study, average person reported telling one to two lies per day with some individuals telling considerably more. Evidence also shows that people are more comfortable lying over the phone than face-to-face and more comfortable lying in e-mails than when they have to write with pen and paper. The frequency of lying and the difficulty in detecting liars makes this an especially strong barrier to effective communication in organizations. 

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What refers to a barrier of communication that refers to the undue tension and anxiety about oral communication written communication or both?

When can be written communication can be used?