3.The energizing force that activates behavior and provides purpose and direction to that behavior is known as _____. Show
A)motivation B)personality C)emotion D)perception E)needs Answer: A Page: 364 Difficulty: moderate 4.Which of the following reflects the relatively stable behavioral tendencies that individuals display across a variety of situations? A)motivation B)personality C)emotion D)perception E)needs Answer: B Page: 364 Difficulty: moderate 5.Strong, relatively uncontrollable feelings that affect our behavior are known as _____. A)motivations B)personality C)emotions D)perceptions E)needs Answer: C Page: 364 Difficulty: moderate 6.Which construct represents an unobservable inner force that stimulates and compels a behavioral response and provides specific direction to that response? A)motive B)personality C)emotion D)perception E)feeling Answer: A Page: 364 Difficulty: moderate 7.Kelly is hungry, and this inner force is making him search for the type of food he wants to eat. He decides that an Arby's roast beef sandwich will satisfy his hunger. This inner force that is compelling him to search for food is known as a(n) _____. A)motive B)personality trait C)emotion D)perception E)feeling Answer: A Page: 364 Difficulty: moderate 8.Which term is often used interchangeably with the term motivation? A)personality B)emotion C)need D)perception E)feeling Answer: C Page: 364 Difficulty: moderate 9.Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on which premise? A)All humans acquire a similar set of motives through genetic endowment and social interaction. B)Some motives are more basic or critical than others. C)The more basic motives must be satisfied to a minimum level before other motives are activated. D)As the basic motives become satisfied, more advanced motives come into play. E)all of the above Answer: E Page: 364-365 Difficulty: easy 10.Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes all EXCEPT which of the following? A)cognition B)physiological C)safety D)belongingness E)esteem Answer: A Page: 365 Difficulty: moderate 11.In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, food, water, sleep, and to an extent, sex, are considered _____ motives. A)safety B)self-actualization C)physiological D)belongingness E)esteem Answer: C Page: 365 Difficulty: easy 12.Many victims of hurricane Katrina were left without their homes, food, and water--basic necessities for living. Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which motives were activated for these individuals? A)security B)self-actualization C)physiological D)belongingness E)esteem Answer: C Page: 365 Difficulty: easy 13.Smoke detectors, preventive medicines, insurance, retirement investments, seat belts, burglar alarms, and sunscreen are all examples of products to satisfy consumers' _____ needs. A)safety B)self-actualization C)physiological D)belongingness E)esteem Answer: A Page: 365 Difficulty: easy 14.Which need in Maslow's hierarchy reflects a desire for love, friendship, affiliation, and group acceptance? A)safety B)self-actualization C)physiological D)belongingness E)esteem Answer: D Page: 365 Difficulty: easy 15.Which of Maslow's needs reflects individuals' desires for status, superiority, self-respect, and prestige? A)safety B)self-actualization C)physiological D)belongingness E)esteem Answer: E Page: 365 Difficulty: easy 16.Which of Maslow's needs involves the desire for self-fulfillment, to become all that one is capable of becoming? A)safety B)self-actualization C)physiological D)belongingness E)esteem Answer: B Page: 365 Difficulty: easy 17.For years, the U.S. Army ran an advertising campaign with the tagline, Be all you can be. To which of Maslow's needs is this appealing? A)safety B)self-actualization C)physiological D)belongingness E)esteem Answer: B Page: 365 Difficulty: easy 18.In McGuire's classification of motives, which ones focus on the person's need for being adaptively oriented toward the environment and achieving a sense of meaning? A)affective B)preservation C)growth D)cognitive E)self-actualization Answer: D Page: 366 Difficulty: moderate 19._____ motives deal with the need to reach satisfying feeling states and to obtain personal goals. A)Cognitive B)Affective C)Preservation-oriented D)Advancement-oriented E)Safety-oriented Answer: B Page: 366 Difficulty: moderate 20.____ motives emphasize the individual as striving to maintain equilibrium. A)Cognitive B)Affective C)Preservation-oriented D)Growth E)Leveling Answer: C Page: 366 Difficulty: moderate 21.Which motives emphasize development? A)cognitive B)affective C)preservation-oriented D)growth E)advancement Answer: D Page: 366 Difficulty: moderate 22.Which of the following is NOT used to classify McGuire's psychological motives? A)Is the mode of motivation cognitive or affective? B)Is the motive focused on preservation of the status quo or on growth? C)Is this behavior actively initiated or in response to the environment? D)Is the outcome of the behavior temporary or permanent? E)Does this behavior help the individual achieve a new internal or a new external relationship to the environment? Answer: D Page: 366 Difficulty: moderate 23.Which of the following is a type of cognitive preservation motive? A)need for tension reduction B)teleological need C)need for objectification D)need for stimulation E)need for ego defense Answer: C Page: 367 Difficulty: moderate 24.Which set of motives deals with our need to determine who or what causes the things that happen to us? A)need for consistency B)need for attribution C)need to categorize D)need for objectification E)need for autonomy Answer: B Page: 367 Difficulty: moderate 25.The tendency of many consumers to discount claims made by sales people and ads is related to the need _____. A)for ego defense B)for focus C)for assertion D)to attribute causation E)none of the above Answer: D Page: 367 Difficulty: moderate 26.The tendency of many consumers to discount claims made by sales people can be explained in part by _____. A)contrast theory B)assimilation theory C)classical conditioning D)attribution theory E)none of the above Answer: D Page: 367 Difficulty: moderate 27.A consumer's tendency to initially react to a new product as though it were the same as similar existing products is most likely to be based on a need _____. A)for modeling B)for assertion C)for consistency D)to categorize E)none of the above Answer: D Page: 367 Difficulty: moderate 28.Adam was working on a term paper and was exposed to so much information that he devised a classification system to organize the different sources of information he was using. This reflects which cognitive preservation motive? A)need for consistency B)need for attribution C)need to categorize D)need for objectification E)need for autonomy Answer: C Page: 367 Difficulty: moderate 29.Which motives reflect needs for observable cues or symbols that enable people to infer what they feel and know? A)need for consistency B)need for attribution C)need to categorize D)need for objectification E)need for autonomy Answer: D Page: 367 Difficulty: moderate 30.Elizabeth is 15 years old and is asking her parents for more freedom. She wants to make more of the decisions that affect her, such as the clothes she wears, how late she can stay out, and what school she attends. This is an example of Elizabeth's need for _____. Which of the following reflects the relatively stable behavioral tendencies that individuals display across a variety of situations personality emotion perception motivation?(why) Personality reflects the relatively stable behavioral tendencies that individuals display across a variety of situations (what) Emotions are strong, relatively uncontrollable feelings that affect our behavior. Motivation is the reason for behavior.
Is an individual's characteristic response tendencies across similar situations?Personality is an individual's characteristic response tendencies across similar situations.
Which trait reflects an individual differences in consumers propensity to be biased against the purchase of foreign products?The need for uniqueness is the trait that reflects an individual difference in consumers' propensity to be biased against the purchase of foreign products.
Which of Maslow's needs reflects individuals desires for status superiority self respect and prestige?Esteem needs encompass confidence, strength, self-belief, personal and social acceptance, and respect from others. These needs are represented as one of the key stages in achieving contentedness or self-actualization.
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Which of the following reflects the relatively stable behavioral tendencies that individuals display across a variety of situations personality?
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