The skull consists of 22 bones: 14 facial bones Caldwell's Method
etc. Registered Radiologic Technologist, Medical Student The skull consists of 22 bones: 14 facial bones Caldwell's Method etc. What paranasal sinus group is superior to the other sinus groups? SMV Sinuses Perpendicular to the IOML, entering the midline of the base of the skull so that it passes through the sella turcica PA AXIAL SINUSES, CALDWELL ANGLED IR technique and vertical IR technique AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE TMJ False LATERal SINUSES' Parietoacanthial sinuses, WATERS METHOD One on each side, just inferior to the medial aspect of the orbital Parietoacanthial projection, OPEN MOUTH WATERS SMV Projection False - the head should rest on its vertex Parietoacanthial sinuses, WATERS METHOD LATERal SINUSES Under penetrated produces shadows stimulating pathologic conditions that do not exist PAAXIAL SINUSES, CALDWELL Using a horizontal directed central ray AP AXIAL SINUSES, CALDWELL With the OML perpendicular to the IR AP AXIAL SINUSES, CALDWELL AP AXIAL SINUSES, CALDWELL Frontal sinuses and anterior ethmoidal air cells AP AXIAL SINUSES, CALDWELL In the lower third of the orbits AP AXIAL SINUSES, CALDWELL The air fluid levels visible Parietoacanthial sinuses, WATERS METHOD Parietoacanthial sinuses, WATERS METHOD Superimposed with the maxillary sinuses Parietoacanthial sinuses, WATERS METHOD Parietoacanthial sinuses, WATERS METHOD Parietoacanthial sinuses, WATERS METHOD Parietoacanthial sinuses, WATERS METHOD LATERal SINUSES To Demonstrate the presence of absence of fluid and to differentiate between shadows caused by fluid and those caused by other pathologic conditions LATERal SINUSES .5 - 1" posterior to the outer canthus LATERal SINUSES LATERal SINUSES LATERal SINUSES For the lateral projection of the nasal bones, which landmark ( the nasion or acanthion) should the unmasked portion of the IR Abe centered? Lateral proj of nasal bones Perpendicular to the bridge of the nose at a point .5 inches distal to the nasion Tangential zygomatic arch Tangential zygomatic arches SMV Projection, sinuses true or false Tangential zygomatic arches Tangential zygomatic arches Perpendicularly to the infraorbitomeatal line and centered to the zygomatic arch at a point approximately 1" posterior to the outer canthus Tangential
zygomatic arches The zygomatic arch should be free from overlying structures Tangential zygomatic arches Tangential zygomatic Arches 30 degrees caudad To demonstrate the mandibular Rami with the PA projection, which 2 facial structures should be touching the vertical grid device? Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses? All four sinus should be included For the PA mandibular RAMI For the mandibular rami PA Mandibular rami Mandibular RAMI Mandibular
RAMI False MAndibular RAMI It superimposes the central part of the mandibular body Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the nasal sinuses? The orbital roofs should be superimposed AP AXIAL Tmjs Any TRAUMA to the mandible where the mandible is suspected to be fractured. Because of danger fracture displacement AP Axial TMJs AP Axial TMJs AP Axial TMJs The head should not be rotated AP Axial TMJs *The head should not be rotated AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE TMJ 1/2 " anterior to the EAM AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE TMJ Form an angle of 15 degrees AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE TMJ AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE TMJ The TMJ closer the to the IR AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE TMJ AP Axial TMJs AP Axial TMJs AP Axial TMJs Midsagittal plane and OML Temporomandibular joints Which projection of the sinuses demonstrates a symmetric image of the anterior portion of the base of the skull? With reference to the IR, how should the central ray be directed for the parietoacanthial projection, WATER METHOD? Which paranasal sinus group is best demonstrated with the parietoacanthial projection, WATERS METHOD? Where should the petrous ridges be seen in the image of the parietoacanthial projection, WATERS METHOD, of the paranasal sinuses? Below the maxillary sinuses Where should the central Ray exit the head for the parietoacanthial projection, WSTERS METHOD? Which 2 paranasal sinus groups are best demonstrated than with the other sinuses with the SMV projection? Which sinus group is not well demonstrated in the image produced by the parietoacanthial projection, WATERS METHOD? Which structures should always be imaged with the pt in an upright position? Which of the following is the only projection for paranasal sinuses that adequately demonstrates all 4 sinuses groups? With reference to the outer canthus, where should the central ray be directed for the lateral projections of the sinuses? Which sinus group is of primary importance in the lateral projection of the sinuses? For the PA Axial projection, CALDWELL method, of the sinuses, which positioning line , in addition to the midsagittal plane, should be perpendicular to the IR? Where should petrous ridges be seen in the image of the PA Axial projection, CALDWELL Method, of the sinuses? Lower third of the orbits Which positioning line should form an angle of 37 degrees with the IR for the parietoacanthial projection, WATERS METHOD?
In which projection of the sinuses must the OML form an angle of 15 degrees with the plane of the IR? PA AXIAL, CALDWELL METHOD Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses? All 4 sinuses groups should be included In which projection of the sinuses is the mentomeatal line approximately perpendicular to the plane of the IR? Parietoacanthial, WATERS METHOD Which sinus groups are best demonstrated with the PA , axial projection, CALDWELL
Method? Frontal and anterior ethmoidal What projections are you going to see the dens and posterior arch of C1 in the foramen magnum? AP AXIAL SKULL of 45 and 55 degree caudal angle The acanthion projection ( reverse waters proj) can be used to demonstrate facial bones when the pt is lying in the ______ position For the frontal and anterior ethmoidal sinuses there are 2 PA AXIAL CALWELL projections There is the angled grid technique which : There is also a vertical grid technique: Bith directed horizontal to exit the nasion . The 15 degree relationship between the central ray and the OML remains the same for both techniques * The image of the acanthion projection is similar to the images of the ____ projection ( ___ Method). Which plane and positioning line of the head should be perpendicular to the the IR for the acanthion projection or REVERSE WATERS. Midsagittal plane and mentomeatal line There are 5 CALDWELL METHODS . What projections are they and for what structures? 1. PA AXIAL CALDWELL, used for the cranium
Where should the midpoint of the IR be centered to for the pt in the acanthion, REVERSE WATERS? What paranasal sinuses are usually located inferior to the orbits? What paranasal sinuses are located directly below the sella turcica? The CALDWELL METHODS There are 5 CALDWELL METHODS: 1. PA AXIAl, CALWELL , cranium
PA AXIAL, CALDWELL, cranium OML
perpendicular to plane of IR PA AXIAL, CALDWELL, FACIAL BONES and the PA AXIAL , EXAGGERATED CALDWELL OML PERPENDICULAR to plane of IR AP AXIAL, REVERSE CALDWELL, cranium OML PERPENDICULAR Which projection of the skull produces a full basal image of the cranium? Which projection of the skull projects the petrous bones in the lower third of the orbits? PA AXIAL, CALDWELL Method Which projection of the skull should be obtained when the frontal bone is of primary interest? PA With perpendicular central ray Which evaluation criterion pertains to the AP Axial projection, Towne Method , of the skull? Part of the sella turcica should be seen within the foramen magnum Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA projection of the skull? The distance from the lateral border of the skull to the lateral border of the orbit should be the same on both sides Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the skull? The orbital roofs should be superimposed Which evaluation criterion pertains to the SMV projection of the skull? The mental protuberance should superimpose the anterior frontal bone For the PA AXIAL pro, HAAS Method, of the skull, where should the central ray enter the pt.s head? 1.5" below the external occipital protuberance How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the PA AXIAL projection , HAAS method, of the skull? Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA Axial, HAAS method, of the skull? The dorsum sella and the posterior clinoid projected within the foramen magnum With reference to the pt. , where should the central ray be directed for the lateral projection of the facial bones? With reference to the IR, how should the central ray be directed for the parietoacanthial projection, WATERS method? Where should the petrous ridges be seen in the image of the parietoacanthial projection of the facial bones? Below the maxillary sinuses Which positioning line and angle indicate correct positioning of the head for the parietoacanthial projection, WATERS Method? Which evaluation criterion pertains to the parietoacanthial projection, WATERS method? The petrous ridges should be projected immediately below the maxillary sinuses. Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA AXIal, CALDWELL method? The distance between the lateral border of the skull and orbit should be the same on both sides Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the facial bones? The orbital roofs should be superimposed Which evaluation criterion pertains to the SMV projection for bilateral zygomatic arches? The zygomatic arches should be free from overlying structures An AP AXIAL PROJECTION ( modified TOWNE method) of the bilateral zygomatic arches produces an image similar to the AP AXIAL projection (TOWNE method) of the skull. How many degrees and in what direction should the central ray be directed for this projection to demonstrate zygomatic arches when the OML in perpendicular to the IR? Which positioning line extends from the EAM to the outer canthus? Where on the skull is the gonion located? On the lateroposterior part of the mandible With reference to the IR, how should the midsagittal plane be adjusted for the tangential projection demonstrating an individual zygomatic arch? 15 degrees from perpendicular To demonstrate the mandibular body with the axiolateral oblique projection, how should the pts head be positioned? From true lateral , rotate the head 30 degrees toward the IR How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the axiolateral projection of the mandible? An AP AXIAL PROJECTION ( modified Towne Method) of the bilateral zygomatic arches is performed similarly to the AP Axial projection (Towne Method) of the skull except that the projection for the zygomatic arches requires that which of the following be done? The central ray should be directed to the glabella Which projection is performed with the pts head positioned true lateral and the central ray directed 25 degrees cephalad? AXIOLATERAL Projection of the mandible Which evaluation criterion pertains to the axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible? The opposite side of the mandible should not overlap the ramus. Which structure is of primary interest when the patients head is rotated 15 degrees toward the IR from a true lateral position and the central ray is directed 15 degrees caudad , entering about 1.5 " superior to the upside EAM? Which of the following structures can be well demonstrated with an axiolateral oblique projection? How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the axiolateral oblique projection for TMJs? For the AP Axial projection of the TMJs, where should the central ray be directed? With reference to the pt where should the IR and centered for the axiolateral oblique projection of the TMJs? .5 " anterior to the EAM closest to IR Where on the skull is the outer canthus located? On the lateral border of each orbit Which positioning landmark is located at the anterior portion of the mandible? Which suture articulates the frontal bone with both parietal bones? Which suture joins a parietal bone with both a sphenoid bone and a temporal bone? Which suture joins both parietal bones with the occipital bone? The bregma fontanelle is located at the junction of which 2 sutures? The lambda fontanelle is located at the junction of which 2 sutures? The bregma fontanelle is located at the junction of which cranial bones? Frontal and both parietals The lambda fontanelle is located at the junction of which cranial bones? Occipital and both parietals Which suture joins both parietal bones at the vertex of the skull? What paranasal sinus group is posterior to the ethmoidal sinuses? Which sinus group is subdivided into 3 main groups? List the 5 functions of the sinus cavities. 1. Serve as a resonating chamber for the voice
True or False False For a lateral projection of the cranium: Infraorbitomeatal line ( IOML) For the lateral cranium projection: For the lateral projection: For the lateral proj: Perpendicular to a point approximately 2" above the EAM Which skull classification refers to a typical skull (in terms of width and length)? Which skull classification refers to a long, narrow skull? Which skull classification refers to a short, wide skull? How many degrees are in the angle formed between the midsagittal plane and the petrous pyramids in the mesocephalic skull? How many degrees are in the angle formed between the midsagittal plane and the petrous pyramids in the brachycephalic skull? How many degrees are in the angle formed between the midsagittal plane and the petrous pyramids in the dolichocephalic skull? On which cranial bone is the superciliary arches located? What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the Parietoacanthial projection?RTE 1533 Week 4 test review. Which positioning line is perpendicular to the IR for a PA projection of the skull?The mentomeatal line (MML) will be approximately perpendicular to the plane of the IR.
Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection?Cranial Radiography. What projection best demonstrates the frontal bone?Skull PA Occipito-Frontal
This projection demonstrates the frontal bone, crista galli, internal auditory canals, anterior ethmoid and frontal sinuses, greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid, and petrous ridges. Position of patient Prone with the vertical beam angled at 20 degrees.
|