Abstract This article conceptualizes the emotional labor construct in terms of four dimensions: frequency of appropriate emotional display, attentiveness to required display rules, variety of emotions to be displayed, and emotional dissonance generated by having to express organizationally desired emotions not genuinely felt. Through this framework, the article then presents a series of propositions about the organizational-, job-, and individual-level characteristics that are antecedents of each of these four dimensions. Frequency of emotional display, attentiveness to display rules, variety of emotions to be displayed, and emotional dissonance are hypothesized to lead to greater emotional exhaustion, but only emotional dissonance is hypothesized to lead to lower job satisfaction. Implications for future theory development and empirical research on emotional labor are discussed as well. Show
Journal Information The Academy of Management Review, now in its 26th year, is the most cited of management references. AMR ranks as one of the most influential business journals, publishing academically rigorous, conceptual papers that advance the science and practice of management. AMR is a theory development journal for management and organization scholars around the world. AMR publishes novel, insightful and carefully crafted conceptual articles that challenge conventional wisdom concerning all aspects of organizations and their role in society. The journal is open to a variety of perspectives, including those that seek to improve the effectiveness of, as well as those critical of, management and organizations. Each manuscript published in AMR must provide new theoretical insights that can advance our understanding of management and organizations. Most articles include a review of relevant literature as well. AMR is published four times a year with a circulation of 15,000. Publisher Information The Academy of Management (the Academy; AOM) is a leading professional association for scholars dedicated to creating and disseminating knowledge about management and organizations. The Academy's central mission is to enhance the profession of management by advancing the scholarship of management and enriching the professional development of its members. The Academy is also committed to shaping the future of management research and education. Founded in 1936, the Academy of Management is the oldest and largest scholarly management association in the world. Today, the Academy is the professional home for more than 18290 members from 103 nations. Membership in the Academy is open to all individuals who find value in belonging. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection.
Under a Creative Commons license Open access • We examined how the brain represents 80 diverse emotions experienced in daily life. Around 25 distinct dimensions of emotion representations were found. The emotion representations were highly consistent across individual subjects. The emotions were smoothly represented from
unimodal to transmodal regions. We experience a rich variety of emotions in daily life, and a fundamental goal of affective neuroscience is to determine how these emotions are represented in the brain. Recent psychological studies have used naturalistic stimuli (e.g., movies) to reveal high dimensional representational structures of diverse daily-life emotions. However, relatively little is known
about how such diverse emotions are represented in the brain because most of the affective neuroscience studies have used only a small number of controlled stimuli. To reveal that, we measured functional MRI to obtain blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses from human subjects while they watched emotion-inducing audiovisual movies over a period of 3 hours. For each of the one-second movie scenes, we annotated the movies with respect to 80 emotions selected based on a wide range of previous
emotion literature. By quantifying canonical correlations between the emotion ratings and the BOLD responses, the results suggest that around 25 distinct dimensions (ranging from 18 to 36 and being subject-dependent) of the emotion ratings contribute to emotion representations in the brain. For demonstrating how the 80 emotion categories were represented in the cortical surface, we visualized a continuous semantic space of the emotion representation and mapped it on the
cortical surface. We found that the emotion categories were changed from unimodal to transmodal regions on the cortical surface. This study presents a cortical representation of a rich variety of emotion categories, which covers many of the emotional experiences of daily living. KeywordsEmotion fMRI Semantic space Cited by (0)© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. What dimension of health is related to the appropriate expression of a wide range of emotion?The emotional dimension recognizes awareness and acceptance of one's feelings. Emotional wellness includes the degree to which one feels positive and enthusiastic about one's self and life.
Which dimension of health involves experiencing and appreciating a wide range of feelings and an ability to express these feelings in a healthy manner?Emotional Dimension
Emotional wellness is a dynamic state that fluctuates frequently with your other six dimensions of wellness. Being emotionally well is typically defined as possessing the ability to feel and express human emotions such as happiness, sadness and anger.
Which theory proposes that when things happen in our environment we have learned to respond in certain ways?Behaviorism: it's the environment
With its focus on observable behavior instead of mental states, behaviorism provided a systematic way to study human behavior. Behaviorists argue that behavior is learned in interaction with our environment, and that all behaviors are learned through experience.
Which of the following is the single purpose for the stress response in humans?The stress response, or “fight or flight” response is the emergency reaction system of the body. It is there to keep you safe in emergencies.
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Which dimension of health is related to the appropriate expression of a wide range of emotions?
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