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Log in through your institution journal article The Legislative Impact of Divided GovernmentAmerican Journal of Political Science Vol. 41, No. 2 (Apr., 1997) , pp. 545-563 (19 pages) Published By: Midwest Political Science Association https://doi.org/10.2307/2111776 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2111776 Read and download Log in through your school or library Alternate access options For independent researchers Read Online Read 100 articles/month free Subscribe to JPASS Unlimited reading + 10 downloads Abstract The best test of the impact of divided government on legislative gridlock is to examine seriously considered, potentially important legislation that failed to pass under conditions of divided and unified government. To do so requires separate analyses of legislation the president opposes and supports. Divided government will be associated with the president opposing more legislation and with more legislation the president opposes failing to pass. It will not be associated with the president supporting less legislation or with more legislation the president supports failing to pass. Important legislation is more likely to fail to pass under divided government. We used regression analysis of the failure of legislation to pass and the relative success of legislation over the 1947-92 period. Presidents oppose significant legislation more often under divided government, and much more important legislation fails to pass under divided government than under unified government. Furthermore, the odds of important legislation failing to pass are considerably greater under divided government. However, there seems to be no relationship between divided government and the amount of significant legislation the administration supports or that passes. Journal Information The American Journal of Political Science (AJPS), published four times each year, is one of the most widely-read political science journals in the United States. AJPS is a general journal of political science open to all members of the profession and to all areas of the discipline of political science. JSTOR provides a digital archive of the print version of American Journal of Political Science. The electronic version of American Journal of Political Science is available at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=showIssues&code;=ajps. Authorized users may be able to access the full text articles at this site. Publisher Information The Midwest Political Science Association, founded in 1939, is a national organization of more than 2,800 political science professors, researchers, students, and public administrators from throughout the United States and over 50 foreign countries. The association is dedicated to the advancement of scholarly communication in all areas of political science. Each year the association sponsors a three-day conference of political scientists in Chicago for the purpose of presenting and discussing the latest research in political science. More than 2,000 individuals participate in this conference, which features 300 panels and programs on politics. The MPSA is headquartered at Indiana University. For further information, contact William D. Morgan, Executive Director, email: . Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. This chart shows the party divisions in both chambers of Congress and the party control of the White House since the advent of the modern party system. When the President's party holds the majority in both chambers, it is considered a unified government. Since 1857, the government has been unified 47 times, 22 under Democratic control and 25 under Republican control.1 Footnotes1The data sources for this chart are the House of Representatives Party Divisions, the Senate Historical Office's Party Division webpage, and the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Party divisions are based on Election Day results unless otherwise indicated. 2When Republican President Abraham Lincoln died on April 15, 1865, then-Vice President Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, became President for the remainder of the 39th Congress. 3The Senate was evenly divided in the 47th Congress, resulting in a split in power. United States Senate, "The Great Senate Deadlock of 1881," available http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Senate_Deadlock_1881.htm. 4When Republican President James Garfield died on July 2, 1881, then-Vice President Chester Arthur, a Republican, became President for the remainder of the 47th Congress. 5When Republican President William McKinley died on September 14, 1901, then-Vice President Theodore Roosevelt, a Republican, became President for the remainder of the 57th Congress. 6Though more Republicans were elected than Democrats to the House in 1916, third party Members of the 65th Congress (1917–1919) caucused with the Democrats to re-elect Speaker James Beauchamp “Champ” Clark. 7When Republican President Warren Harding died on August 2, 1923, then-Vice President Calvin Coolidge, a Republican, became President for the remainder of the 68th Congress. 8Elections in the fall of 1930 had provided Republicans with a slim majority in the chamber. But between Election Day 1930 and the opening of the new Congress 13 months later, 14 Representatives-elect died. In the subsequent special elections to fill those vacancies, Democrats won enough seats to recapture the majority. On opening day, Democrats organized the chamber with several Members from third parties. Office of the Historian, "The Opening of the 72nd Congress." 9When Democratic President Franklin Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945, then-Vice President Harry Truman, a Democrat, became President for the remainder of the 79th Congress. 10When Democratic President John Kennedy died on November 22, 1963, then-Vice President Lyndon Johnson, a Democrat, became President for the remainder of the 88th Congress. 11When Republican President Richard Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974, then-Vice President Gerald Ford, a Republican, became President for the remainder of the 93rd Congress. 12Control of the U.S. Senate changed hands several times in the 107th Congress. From January 3–20, 2001, the Senate was evenly divided between the two parties, the Democrats held the majority due to the deciding vote of outgoing Democratic Vice President Al Gore. After the inauguration of Republican President George W. Bush and Vice President Richard Cheney—with Cheney holding the deciding vote—Senate Republicans assumed the majority. In June 2001, Senator James Jeffords of Vermont switched from being a Republican to an Independent, caucusing with the Democrats, and transferring the majority to the Democrats. Late in that Congress, the death of Democratic Senator Paul Wellstone of Minnesota, the appointment of an Independent to fill his seat, and the election of Republican Senator James M. Talent of Missouri to fill the remainder of the term of the late Senator Mel Carnahan, shifted the balance once again to the Republicans in November 2002, for the remaining two months of the Congress. See United States Senate, "Party Division," http://senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm. 13In 2006, two Independent Senators caucused with the Democrats, giving that party the majority. United States Senate, "Party Division," http://senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm. What occurs when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress quizlet?Divided government is when one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both of the houses of congress.
What is it called when one political party controls everything?A dominant-party system, or one-party dominant system, is a political occurrence in which a single political party continuously dominates election results over running opposition groups or parties.
When one party controls both the legislature and the presidency we have quizlet?When one party controls both the legislature and the presidency, it is called: unified government.
What occurs when one or more houses of the legislature are controlled by the party in opposition to the executive?Gridlock can occur when two legislative houses, or the executive branch and the legislature are controlled by different political parties, or otherwise cannot agree.
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What occurs when one party controls the presidency while another controls one or both houses of Congress?
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