mipan susu 0% нашли этот документ полезным (0 голосов) 363 просмотров 3 страницы © © All Rights Reserved Этот документ был вам полезен?Это неприемлемый материал?Пожаловаться на этот документ 0% нашли этот документ полезным (0 голосов) 363 просмотров3 страницы Lesson 3. Kinds of Variables and Their UsesЗагружено:mipan susu Полное описание Перейти к странице Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 3 Поиск в документе Вознаградите свое любопытствоВсе, что вы хотели прочитать. Когда угодно. Где угодно. На любом устройстве. Без обязательств. Отменить можно в любой момент. We’ve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. You can read the details below. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Thank you! View updated privacy policy We've encountered a problem, please try again. Published on September 19, 2022 by Rebecca Bevans. In statistical research, a variable is defined as an attribute of an object of study. Choosing which variables to measure is central to good
experimental design. Example If you want to test whether some plant species are more salt-tolerant than others, some key variables you might measure include the amount of salt you add to the water, the species of plants being studied, and variables related to plant health like growth and wilting. You need to know which types of variables you are working with in order to choose appropriate statistical tests and interpret the results of your study. You can usually identify the type of variable by asking two questions:
Types of data: Quantitative vs categorical variablesData is a specific measurement of a variable – it is the value you record in your data sheet. Data is generally divided into two categories:
A variable that contains quantitative data is a quantitative variable; a variable that contains categorical data is a categorical variable. Each of these types of variable can be broken down into further types. Quantitative variablesWhen you collect quantitative data, the numbers you record represent real amounts that can be added, subtracted, divided, etc. There are two types of quantitative variables: discrete and continuous.
Categorical variablesCategorical variables represent groupings of some kind. They are sometimes recorded as numbers, but the numbers represent categories rather than actual amounts of things. There are three types of categorical variables: binary, nominal, and ordinal variables. Binary vs nominal vs ordinal variables
*Note that sometimes a variable can work as more than one type! An ordinal variable can also be used as a quantitative variable if the scale is numeric and doesn’t need to be kept as discrete integers. For example, star ratings on product reviews are ordinal (1 to 5 stars), but the average star rating is quantitative. Example data sheetTo keep track of your salt-tolerance experiment, you make a data sheet where you record information about the variables in the experiment, like salt addition and plant health. To gather information about plant responses over time, you can fill out the same data sheet every few days until the end of the experiment. This example sheet is color-coded according to the type of variable: nominal, continuous, ordinal, and binary. Parts of the experiment: Independent vs dependent variablesExperiments are usually designed to find out what effect one variable has on another – in our example, the effect of salt addition on plant growth. You manipulate the independent variable(the one you think might be the cause) and then measure the dependent variable (the one you think might be the effect) to find out what this effect might be. You will probably also have variables that you hold constant (control variables) in order to focus on your experimental treatment. Independent vs dependent vs control variables
Example data sheetIn this experiment, we have one independent and three dependent variables. The other variables in the sheet can’t be classified as independent or dependent, but they do contain data that you will need in order to interpret your dependent and independent variables. What about correlational research?When you do correlational research, the terms “dependent” and “independent” don’t apply, because you are not trying to establish a cause and effect relationship. However, there might be cases where one variable clearly precedes the other (for example, rainfall leads to mud, rather than the other way around). In these cases you may call the preceding variable (i.e. the rainfall) the predictor variable and the following variable (i.e. the mud) the outcome variable. Other common types of variablesOnce you have defined your independent and dependent variables and determined whether they are categorical or quantitative, you will be able to choose the correct statistical test. But there are many other ways of describing variables that help with interpreting your results. Some useful types of variable are listed below.
Frequently asked questions about variablesWhat are independent and dependent variables? You can think of independent and dependent variables in terms of cause and effect: an independent variable is the variable you think is the cause, while a dependent variable is the effect. In an experiment, you manipulate the independent variable and measure the outcome in the dependent variable. For example, in an experiment about the effect of nutrients on crop growth:
Defining your variables, and deciding how you will manipulate and measure them, is an important part of experimental design. What is a confounding variable? A confounding variable, also called a confounder or confounding factor, is a third variable in a study examining a potential cause-and-effect relationship. A confounding variable is related to both the supposed cause and the supposed effect of the study. It can be difficult to separate the true effect of the independent variable from the effect of the confounding variable. In your research design, it’s important to identify potential confounding variables and plan how you will reduce their impact. What is the difference between quantitative and categorical variables? Quantitative variables are any variables where the data represent amounts (e.g. height, weight, or age). Categorical variables are any variables where the data represent groups. This includes rankings (e.g. finishing places in a race), classifications (e.g. brands of cereal), and binary outcomes (e.g. coin flips). You need to know what type of variables you are working with to choose the right statistical test for your data and interpret your results. Sources in this articleWe strongly encourage students to use sources in their work. You can cite our article (APA Style) or take a deep dive into the articles below. This Scribbr article
Is this article helpful?You have already voted. Thanks :-) Your vote is saved :-) Processing your vote... What variables that cause influence or affect outcomes?You can think of independent and dependent variables in terms of cause and effect: an independent variable is the variable you think is the cause, while a dependent variable is the effect. In an experiment, you manipulate the independent variable and measure the outcome in the dependent variable.
What is the variable that causes an effect?Dependent Variable (aka Effect Variable) usually denoted as y, is a variable that is influenced to some extent by one or more other (independent) variables.
What type of variable is the outcome variable?An independent variable, sometimes called an experimental or predictor variable, is a variable that is being manipulated in an experiment in order to observe the effect on a dependent variable, sometimes called an outcome variable.
What type of variable that cause or responsible for the conditions that acts on something else to bring about changes?(Independent variable) causes a change in (Dependent Variable) and it isn't possible that (Dependent Variable) could cause a change in (Independent Variable).
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