What is it called when the participants are not revealed to anyone but researcher and staff Mcq?

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Chapter 7: Research Ethics

Chapter 7: Multiple choice questions

Try the multiple choice questions below to test your knowledge of this Chapter. Once you have completed the test, click on 'Submit Answers' to get your results.

	Which of the following are aims of the ethical codes by which psychology researchers operate?   Protection of participants from distress Protection of the researcher from harm Protection of organizations involved in research from legal consequences All of the above

	What is our general advice with respect to the concept of do no harm?   So long as you did not set out to harm participants you have nothing to worry about Research that involves risk to participants should not be carried out by students There are typically no hazards in student research studies. None of the above

	Which of the following corresponds to our advice on ethical approval for your project?   Your study must be approved in full the first time you submit to the ethics committee, otherwise you will fail the project. You must wait for ethics committee approval before beginning data collection. Pilot work does not need ethical approval. All of the above.

	Which of the following are forms of physical harm that might affect participants in a psychology research project?   Accidental injury on equipment Fatigue from activity Altered consciousness or cognitive function due to abstention from normal activities such as eating All of the above

	What do we advise as regards steps to minimize and manage the risk of physical harm in your study?   The participant information sheet needs to state clearly who is not eligible to take part. There is no need to worry about delayed effects, so long as participants are normal when they leave the lab First aid staff can be expected to attend your data collection sessions just in case anything goes wrong. None of the above

	Which of the following are forms of psychological harm that might affect participants in a psychology research study?   Embarrassment Intrusive thoughts Fear All of the above

	What steps can you take to minimize the risk of psychological harm to participants in a psychology research study?   Have a plan of what to do if someone cries during the study. Ask people to leave the room immediately if they seem distressed. Ask people to leave if they become angry during the study. None of the above.

	Which of the following are likely o be regarded as forms of pressure or coercion towards participants?   Begging people to participate so that you won’t fail your degree. Pointing out that you used to work for/study at an organization/school, so you are expecting them to say yes. Offering sweets and money so that people choose your study over others being advertised. All of the above

	What do we suggest is the distinction between and inducement and a reward as far as research participants are concerned?   An inducement is something that may result in a person taking part in your study when they would otherwise not wish to A reward is something that may result in a person taking part in your study when they would otherwise not wish to Rewards are always cash, while inducements are always food or other treats. None of the above.

	Which of these best corresponds to our advice on the use of deception in psychology research projects?   You should avoid intentional deception unless it is essential to your study Intentional deception must be justified by a study that is methodologically sound and theoretically valuable The extent of deception must be revealed to participants as soon as possible All of the above

	Which of these are sources of harm you need to be aware of and protect yourself from when doing your project?   Working off campus, e.g. in participants’ homes Lone working Both A and B Neither A nor B

	Which of the following apply to the use of a briefing sheet or participant information sheet?   Adult participants must be given the chance to understand the anticipated consequences of taking part in the study. Children do not need to know the nature of the study as they are too young to understand. Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

	Which of these are suggestions we make regarding the way you record participants’ consent?   All questionnaire studies should record the participant’s name and signature on the front of the answer booklet. Questionnaire studies typically require the completion of a consent statement rather than a signed consent form. A consent form should never have the title of the study or the researcher’s contact details on it. None of the above

	Why do we suggest you include details of further sources of information or support in your debriefing document?   Taking part in the study may evoke unexpected distress in participants, so they may need further information or advice. It is good ethical practice to ‘give something back’ in return for participation in your study. Including further information and support always balances out any harm that may have been caused. Both A and B

	How do we distinguish between confidentiality and anonymity?   Data collection can be described as anonymous if you do not know who has taken part in your study. Confidentiality can be promised in circumstances when you know who has taken part in your study but you do not divulge this information to other people Both of the above Neither A nor B

	What additional considerations are there regarding consent and confidentiality when doing focus group research?   You can guarantee that participants in a focus group will maintain confidentiality afterwards. You can promise potential focus group participants that the study will be anonymous. Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

	Which of the following describes a roughly equivalent and appropriate amount of qualitative data for an undergraduate psychology project?   Ten hours of data for IPA is equivalent to about 20 hours for conversation analysis Five hours of data for IPA is equivalent to about one to two hours for conversation analysis No student should collect more than one hour of interview data All of the above

	What do we advise as a good rule of thumb about sample size for group based quantitative projects?   Aim to recruit 20 participants per condition of your design Aim to recruit 20 participants per member of the group Aim to recruit 100 participants per condition of your design Aim to recruit 100 participants per member of the group

	What is our advice about the use of power analysis when planning your sample size?   Power analysis is neither necessary nor advisable in a student project Packages such as G*Power that will calculate power for you and tell you how many participants you will need to detect a reasonably large effect. If you need to do a power analysis your supervisor will be sure to tell you so None of the above

	What potential barriers to recruiting participants do we advise you to bear in mind when planning your sampling?   If you wish to work with young children you may need an enhanced Criminal Records Bureau disclosure or equivalent Most undergraduate students are discouraged from collecting data in prisons or hospitals because of the additional ethical clearance and background checks required. The timeframe for undergraduate projects may be too short to allow external ethical and legal clearances. All of the above.

	What advice do we give regarding ethical issues around the use of email in your project?   Sending unsolicited emails to large numbers of people is an excellent way of gaining a good sample. Distributing questionnaires by email can compromise the anonymity of individual participants’ responses. It is preferable to use your personal email account rather than your personal one to contact gatekeepers. None of the above.

What is it called when participants are not revealed to anyone but researcher and staff?

What is it called when only the researcher knows the identity of study participants?

Which right of research participants applies when a researcher is able to identify a particular person's responses but undertakes not to do so publicly?

What is anonymity and confidentiality in research?