One of the consequences of cars and trucks becoming more fuel efficient is that quizlet

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Unless legally exempt, in order to receive benefits through the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, recipients must

not accept any other form of government assistance, including Medicaid.
register to vote, attend any jury summons sent, and fulfill all civic duties requested of them by the state and county.
agree to repay the money after they gain employment, since it is a federal loan.
make sure their children go to school, participate in an employment services program, attend parenting classes, get their children vaccinated, and agree not to use drugs or alcohol.

1.EI instruments are generally more efficient:
Costs are 1/2 of expected CAC standards in 90's because of herterogenieties could be exploited during phase down. substantial cost savings in eliminating CFCs
NOT COST EFFECTIVE WHEN: EI is very stringent
2.EI has advantages over time b/c of continual incentive to reduce emissions :
EI provides greater incentives than CAC for
continuing innovation over time in many, but not all, cases
studied. EI provides greater incentives than CAC for
continuing innovation over time in many, but not all, cases
studied.
3.CAC policies achieve their objectives quicker and with greater certainty than EI policies:
evidence is mixed.d, several cases argue that EI policies are
more effective.A final point on effectiveness is that two cases show that
both approaches can result in significant environmental
gains, but with undesirable longer-term side effects. United States, NOx emissions from coal-fired power plants
were reduced, but the standards, which only affected new
plants, caused firms to extend the life of older, more-polluting plants to avoid the costs associated with newer ones.
4.Regulated firms are more likely to oppose EI regulations than CAC
because they fear they will face higher costs, despite the greater
efficiency of EI instrument: on both sides of the Atlantic suggests that no government has put this hypothesis to the test,
which, in a way, is strong support for it. In nearly all cases,
governments eliminate the burden of EI instruments by returning fees to the firms.
5. the EI oriented U.S. trading program gained
a reputation for low administrative costs, Germany does not show evidence of higher
administrative costs than a comparable EI program

"rebound effect." The "rebound effect," he explains, comes when drivers of more fuel-efficient cars decide to take advantage of their lower per-mile fuel costs by driving more than they did in the past Twitter
---The leakage effect
"about 15% of the emissions reductions [resulting from higher standards imposed on] new vehicles come back as a result of the increased consumption of fuel on the part of older vehicles still on the road."
--the least efficient vehicles were discovered "to hang around a lot longer than the most efficient cars," and these tend to be the cars whose used resale value increases the most.
---higher CAFE standards have the unintended consequence of increasing emissions from used cars that, depending on their age, may fail by a long shot to meet the higher standards that regulators want to meet.
------with such standards is that they increase the prices of new vehicles, as new technology is needed to make them more fuel-efficient," van Benthem points out. Moreover, to comply with the standard, manufacturers have an incentive to raise the prices of the least fuel-efficient models sold within each vehicle class so that the company's average mpg goes up.
----We find that if the gasoline price increases by one dollar per gallon, the value of a 15-mpg vehicle [of average age] goes down by almost $800, while the value of an efficient 40-mpg vehicle [of average age] increases by about $600. Cars with fuel-economy above 25 mpg tend to increase in value when gasoline prices go up.