Health can be defined as ‘complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not only the absence of illness or infirmity’. This is an interesting definition as people tend to feel they are healthy simply when they do not feel ill. This definition clearly describes that health is much more and involves feelings of happiness, social interaction and energy. Show
The components of health are:How physical, mental and social wellbeing contribute to overall health?FitnessFitness can be defined as ‘the ability to meet the demands of the environment’ and relates to how physically demanding life is. Therefore, a person doing an office job requires lower levels of physical fitness than an Olympic athlete. There is an increasing number of people who work in jobs which don’t require much physical activity. These jobs are described as non-physical or sedentary and mean the level of fitness required to do them is low. This can lead to more people having low levels of fitness and decreasing health levels in society. This would lead to more people having a low level of fitness in society and health levels would decrease. ExerciseExercise can be defined as ‘a form of physical exercise done to improve health or fitness or both’. It is recommended that adults and children follow different activity routines in order to maintain good health and fitness: Adults – five sessions of thirty minutes activity per week. The activity should be physical enough to cause the adult to breathe more deeply and to begin to sweat. Children and young people – seven sessions of sixty minutes per week. At least two of these sessions should be of high intensity exercise such as running, jumping or cardiovascular based sports. The seven hours may be spread out over the course of a week. In this context it becomes essential that physical exercise is built into the structure of the typical day. Good examples of this could be walking or cycling together to work or to school, taking part in games together in the back garden and participating in active experiences at the weekend such as walking in the countryside or going for a bike ride. Children learn a great deal from their parents and therefore it is important that parents present active role models and opportunities for their children. The consequences of a sedentary lifestyleIf a person does not take part in regular physical activity, exercise or sport then they are at risk of a number of illnesses and negative effects such as:
Lifestyle choicesOther lifestyle choices can affect a person’s health in either a positive or negative way.
Fitness can be broken down into different components or parts. Health-related components:Skill-related componentsThese sub-divisions make it easier to understand fitness and also to understand the different requirements of sporting activities and the different roles within the same activity. For example, if we look at the game of field hockey, the top three fitness requirements of the goalkeeper and the midfielder might look like this: It is obvious that the training for these two performers must be completely different and must focus on the specific requirements of the individual position. Definitions and examples of the components of fitnessHealth-related components
Rowing uses some health-related components of fitness, particularly muscular endurance Skill-related components
Boxing uses a number of examples of skill-related components of fitness Fitness testing is a central and essential feature of all fitness training and will be used before training begins, during the training programme and again at the end of the training programme. The importance of fitness testingMethods and protocols of fitness testingHere are some of the most popular methods of testing each component of fitness with a short description of the protocol for each. Testing health-related components of fitnessStrength – Hand grip dynamometer
Maximal strength – One rep max test
Cardiovascular endurance –Multi-stage fitness test
Twelve minute Cooper run or swim
Cardiovascular fitness – Harvard step test
Flexibility – Sit and reach test
Speed – 30 metre sprint test
Muscular endurance – 60 second press-up test
Muscular endurance – 60 second sit-up bleep test
Testing skill-related components of fitnessThe Illinois agility test comprises a weaving running course, marked by cones, which has to be completed in the shortest possible time Agility – Illinois agility test
Coordination – Alternate hand wall toss test
Reaction time – Ruler drop test
Balance – Standing stork test
Power – Vertical jump test
Validity and reliabilityWith all of these tests it is essential to judge both the validity and reliability of the process. Validity refers to the test measuring what is claimed to measure. It is difficult to justify whether the handgrip dynamometer test measures whole body strength rather than just lower arm and hand strength. Likewise, the multi-stage fitness test is a more appropriate test for distance runners compared to swimmers or cyclists as the test involves running. Reliability requires that the test should produce similar results each time the test is taken unless there has been a significant change in the fitness level of the participant. It is essential that fitness tests be completed with the scientific rigour found in experimental practices, especially with regard to the accuracy of timing and measurement. Limitations of fitness testing
Use of test dataAll the fitness tests provide data which can be compared to normative scores. These normative scores are indicators of how the participant has performed in comparison to the general population. Fitness tests are only relevant when the scores are compared to normative data. However, highly trained athletes may find that normative comparisons are no longer relevant to their own progress. An athlete such as Lydia Valentin will only be interested in how her fitness data compares to other athletes and specifically to her own previous fitness test performances. As a result, Lydia’s ongoing fitness can be tracked and action can be taken exactly when and where it is needed most. Bibliography: BBC – EducationTest!What are the 5 components of physical fitness and their meaning?There are five components of physical fitness: (1) body composition, (2) flexibility, (3) muscular strength, (4) muscular endurance, and (5) cardiorespiratory endurance. A well-balanced exercise program should include activities that address all of the health-related components of fitness.
What are the 7 components of fitness?agility.. balance.. cardiovascular endurance (aerobic power). coordination.. flexibility.. muscular endurance.. power/explosive strength (anaerobic power). reaction time.. What are the 11 components of physical fitness and their meaning?Health-related components. What are the 10 components of physical fitness and their meaning?They are cardiovascular/respiratory endurance, stamina, strength, flexibility, power, coordination, agility, balance, and accuracy. You are as fit as you are competent in each of these 10 skills, and a regimen develops fitness to the extent that it improves each of these 10 skills.
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