Who is responsible for providing you with information on the hazards in your workplace?

Employers have responsibilities for the health and safety of their employees and any visitors to their premises such as customers, suppliers and the general public. As well as these duties, there are regulations to deal with particular hazards and for industries where hazards are particularly high.

Health and safety regulations

The Health and Safety at Work (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 is the primary piece of legislation covering work-related health and safety in Northern Ireland. It sets out a lot of  your employer's responsibilities for your health and safety at work.

Additionally, specific regulations cover particular areas, including lead, asbestos, chemicals, construction work, and gas safety. Visit the HSENI website for the many ways in which they can help you with these particular issues.

The Health and Safety Executive is responsible for enforcing health and safety at work.

• Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland
• Health and Safety at Work (Northern Ireland) Order 1978
• About: Employer - introduction (HSENI website)

Risk assessments

Your employer has a 'duty of care' to  make sure, as far as possible, your health, safety and welfare while you're at work. They should start with a risk assessment to spot possible health and safety hazards.

They have to appoint a 'competent person' with health and safety responsibilities usually one of the owners in smaller firms, or a member of staff trained in health and safety.

Businesses employing five or more people

For businesses employing five or more people, there must also be:

• an official record of what the assessment finds (your employer has to put plans in place to deal with the risks)
• a formal health and safety policy which includes arrangements to protect your health and safety (you should be told what these are)

Your employer's duty of care in practice

All employers, whatever the size of the business, must:

• make the workplace safe
• prevent risks to health
• make sure that plant and machinery is safe to use
• make sure safe working practices are set up and followed
• make sure that all materials are handled, stored and used safely
• provide adequate first aid facilities
• tell you about any potential hazards from the work you do - chemicals and other substances used by the firm - and give you information, instructions, training and supervision as needed
• set up emergency plans
• make sure that ventilation, temperature, lighting, toilet, washing and rest facilities all meet health, safety and welfare requirements
• check that the right work equipment is provided and is properly used and regularly maintained
• prevent or control exposure to substances that may damage your health
• take precautions against the risks caused by flammable or explosive hazards, electrical equipment, noise and radiation
• avoid potentially dangerous work involving manual handling (and if it can't be avoided, take precautions to reduce the risk of injury)
• provide health supervision as needed
• provide protective clothing or equipment free of charge (if risks can't be removed or adequately controlled by any other means)
• make sure that the right warning signs are provided and looked after
• report certain accidents, injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences to either the Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland or the local authority, depending on the type of business
• Frequently Asked Questions (Health and Safety Executive website)
• Safe manual work
• Workplace health - a guide from Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland

Making the workplace safe and healthy

So that the work premises provide a safe and healthy place to work, your employer should:

• make sure that  are properly ventilated, with clean and fresh air
• keep temperatures at a comfortable level (a minimum of 13 degrees Centigrade where the work involves physical activity; 16 degrees Centigrade for 'stinter'  like offices - there's no maximum limit
• light premises so that employees can work and move about safely
• keep the workplace and equipment clean
• make sure that areas are big enough to allow easy movement (at least 11 cubic metres per person)
• provide workstations to suit the employees and the work
• keep the equipment in good working order
• make floors, walkways, stairs, roadways safe to use
• protect people from falling from height or into dangerous substances
• store things so they're unlikely to fall and cause injuries
• fit openable windows, doors and gates with safety devices if needed
• provide suitable washing facilities and clean drinking water
• if necessary, provide somewhere for employees to get changed and to store their own clothes
• set aside areas for rest breaks and to eat meals, including suitable facilities for pregnant women and nursing mothers
• let employees take appropriate rest breaks and the right holiday entitlement
• make sure that employees who work alone, or off-site, can do so safely and healthily
• Working alone PDF (169KB)  (HSENI website) 
• Workplace health, safety and welfare PDF (107.06KB)  (HSENI website)
• Rest breaks
• Holiday entitlements

Reporting injuries, diseases and dangerous occurences

There is a legal obligation to report certain types of incident in the workplace to the relevant authorities.

Employers, self-employed people, and people in control of premises have a legal duty to report the following:

• work-related deaths
• major injuries or over-three-day injuries
• work related diseases
• dangerous occurrences (near miss accidents)
• Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurences (HSENI website)

Reporting an accident

To report injuries, near misses, fires or explosions which have occurred as a result of work on or near to electrical systems by others, or incidents arising from leisure and other non-work activities close to electrical plant, or from equipment failure, use the form below:

• Report a Regulation 32 incident (electricity)

Carriage of explosives

The transport of explosives is covered by international agreements and European directives.

All businesses and individuals must make sure they are fully informed of the correct way to transport explosives to meet safety standards and reduce the risk of incident.

• Carriage of dangerous goods (HSENI website)

This document should be read with:

• The Carriage of Explosives Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2010 (UK Legislation website)
• The Carriage of Explosives (Amendment) Regulation (Northern Ireland) 2012 (legislation.gov.uk website)
• European Agreement concerning the International carriage of dangerous goods by road (UNECE website)
• EIG Guide to the carriage of explosives (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2012 (Explosive Industry Group website)

What to do next

You also have responsibilities for your own health and safety at work. You can refuse to do something that isn't safe without being threatened with disciplinary action. If you think your employer isn't meeting their responsibilities, talk to them first. Your safety representative or a trade union official may be able to help you with this.

As a last resort, you may need to report your employer to the Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland or to the environmental health department of your local authority.

If you are dismissed for refusing to undertake an unsafe working practice, you may have a right to claim unfair dismissal at an Employment Tribunal.

• Employees' health and safety responsibilities
• How to resolve a problem at work
• Blowing the whistle on workplace wrongdoing
• Unfair dismissal

Where to get help

The Labour Relations Agency (LRA) and Advice NI offer free, confidential and impartial advice on all employment rights issues for residents of Northern Ireland.

More useful links

• Introduction to trade unions
• What you need to do about health and safety (nibusinessinfo.co.uk website)