Human Resources Management, 13e (Dessler) Show
Chapter 10 Employee Retention, Engagement, and Careers 1) Which of the following terms refers to educating, instructing, and training subordinates? A) mentoring B) coaching C) appraising D) grading Answer: B Explanation: B) Coaching means educating, instructing, and training subordinates. Mentoring means advising, counseling, and guiding. Recruiting refers to searching for job candidates. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Concept 2) The rate at which employees leave a firm is best known as ________. A) downsizing B) retirement C) turnover D) retention Answer: C Explanation: C) Turnover is the rate that workers leave an employer. Turnover occurs for many reasons including downsizings, retirements, and firings. Retention refers to how many workers stay with a firm. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 3) Which of the following industries has one of the highest turnover rates? A) food services B) financial services C) healthcare services D) educational services Answer: A Explanation: A) The turnover in many food service organizations is around 100% per year. In contrast, voluntary turnover in the educational services industry is about 12%. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 4) As an employer, what is the primary benefit of cutting a high turnover rate? A) selling stock B) saving money C) attracting applicants D) meeting legal obligations Answer: B Explanation: B) High turnover rates have tangible and intangible costs for employers. Recruiting, screening, testing, and training are costly. Intangible costs, such as correcting errors and supervising a new worker, waste time. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 5) Which term refers to actions intended to place physical or psychological distance between employees and their work environments? A) employee disengagement B) workplace separation C) job withdrawal D) attrition Answer: C Explanation: C) Job withdrawal has been defined as "actions intended to place physical or psychological distance between employees and their work environments." Poor attendance and voluntary turnover are two job withdrawal examples. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 6) Which of the following best describes the purpose of the 9-box matrix method? A) selecting new employees B) identifying effective coaches C) assessing promotion potential D) analyzing employee engagement Answer: C Explanation: C) In assessing candidates for promotions, it's not just current performance but performance potential that's important. That idea is at the heart of the 9-box matrix approach to assessing current employees' promotional prospects. Selection, coaching, and engagement are not relevant to a 9-box matrix method. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 7) Robin, the HR manager at Rightway Enterprises, believes that job withdrawal has become a significant problem at the firm. Robin most likely came to this conclusion after observing all of the following employee behaviors EXCEPT ________. A) frequent vacation time requests B) idle employee conversations C) undeserved work breaks D) excessive absences Answer: A Explanation: A) Poor attendance and voluntary turnover are two job withdrawal examples. Other types of job withdrawal include "taking undeserved work breaks, spending time in idle conversation and neglecting aspects of the job one is obligated to perform." Requesting vacation is not necessarily indicative of job withdrawal. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Application 8) Which of the following would most likely reduce voluntary turnover? A) performance appraisal systems B) high unemployment rates C) numerous job opportunities D) downsizing requirements Answer: B Explanation: B) High unemployment reduces voluntary turnover, and some locales have fewer job opportunities (and thus turnover) than do others. Performance appraisal systems are less relevant to turnover rates. Downsizing is often a reason for turnovers. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 9) What is the first step in retaining employees? A) providing employees with proper training B) discussing career plans with workers C) selecting the right workers D) identifying worker goals Answer: C Explanation: C) Retention starts up front, in the selection and hiring of the right employees. Selection refers not just to the worker but to choosing the right supervisors as well. Training, career planning, and goal-setting are follow-up steps to retaining workers. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 10) According to surveys, high levels of employee engagement are LEAST frequently associated with ________. A) fewer repeat customers B) higher performance levels C) lower turnover rates D) better corporate earnings Answer: A Explanation: A) Based on surveys by the Gallup organization, business units with the highest levels of employee engagement have an 83% chance of performing above the company median while those with the lowest employee engagement have a 17% chance of performing better than the company median. A survey by consultants Watson Wyatt Worldwide concluded that companies with highly-engaged employees have 26 percent higher revenue per employee. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 2 Skill: Concept 11) According to research cited in the text, what is the primary reason that top-performing/high commitment employees gave for voluntarily leaving an organization? A) career development B) work-life balance C) promotions D) salary Answer: D Explanation: D) The five top reasons high commitment/top-performing employees gave for leaving (ranked from high to low) were pay, promotional opportunities, work life balance, career development, and health-care benefits. In contrast, employers ranked the top five reasons employees left as promotion, career development, pay, relationship with supervisor, and work-life balance. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 12) What is one of the results of IBM's on-demand staffing strategy? A) increased resignations B) expanded market share C) increased telecommuting D) improved employee retention Answer: D Explanation: D) The on-demand staffing program at IBM is improving employee retention, by minimizing the sorts of layoffs and resignations that might occur if employees skill sets were inconsistent with IBM's needs. Resignations, market share, and telecommuting are less relevant. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 13) Apex Carpet has a very high voluntary turnover rate, which executives at the firm want reduced. What is the most effective way to retain top-performing employees at Apex? A) conducting more performance reviews B) developing new recruitment strategies C) establishing a talent management program D) revising the organization's mission statement Answer: C Explanation: C) Employers can address turnover issues by instituting effective and comprehensive talent management (recruitment, selection, training, appraisal, and compensation) practices. The manager should understand that retaining employees is a talent management issue, and that the best retention strategies are therefore multifunctional. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Application Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 14) Apex Carpet has a very high voluntary turnover rate, which executives at the firm want reduced. Which of the following should Apex most likely do first in its attempt to retain top-performing employees? A) administer attitude surveys to all employees B) provide an across-the-board wage increase C) evaluate the firm's promotion methods D) develop online training courses Answer: A Explanation: A) Identifying the issues is an important first retention strategy. Many employers routinely administer attitude surveys to monitor employees' feelings about matters such as supervision and pay. Salary, promotions, and training may not necessarily be the reasons for high turnover. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Application 15) According to a TowersPerrin study, which of the following managerial actions would most likely foster employee engagement? A) offering improved benefits packages B) conducting regular performance appraisals C) linking employee efforts to company goals D) providing online training sessions to new hires Answer: C Explanation: C) According to a TowersPerrin study, engagement-supporting actions include making sure employees (1) understand how their departments contribute to the company's success, (2) see how their own efforts contribute to achieving the company's goals, and (3) get a sense of accomplishment from working at the firm. Benefits, performance appraisals, and training are less relevant. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 2 Skill: Concept 16) Which of the following statements most likely suggests that an employee is engaged? A) "I work with intensity." B) "I take frequent breaks." C) "I daydream at my desk." D) "I enjoy talking to co-workers." Answer: A Explanation: A) Engaged employees are focused and work with intensity at their jobs. Disengaged workers take unnecessary breaks, daydream, and make idle conversation with co-workers. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 2 Skill: Application 17) The process of advising, counseling, and guiding employees is known as ________. A) coaching B) appraising C) assessing D) mentoring Answer: D Explanation: D) Mentoring means advising, counseling, and guiding. Coaching means educating, instructing, and training subordinates. Both coaching and mentoring skills are needed for appraising employees, but appraising and assessing refer to rating an employee. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Concept 18) ________ focuses on helping an employee make long-term career plans, while ________ addresses an employee's short-term job skills. A) Mentoring, coaching B) Coaching, mentoring C) Recruiting, coaching D) Appraising, training Answer: A Explanation: A) Mentoring means advising, counseling, and guiding an employee towards long-term career goals. Coaching means educating, instructing, and training subordinates in performing short-term job-related skills. Recruiting refers to searching for job candidates. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Concept 19) You have been assigned to coach an employee who is struggling with work assignments. Which of the following steps should you most likely complete first? A) reach agreement with the employee on a plan B) ask the employee open-ended questions C) offer ideas and advice to the employee D) observe the employee on the job Answer: D Explanation: D) Preparation means understanding the problem, the employee, and the employee's skills, and it is the first step in the coaching process Your aim here is to formulate a hypothesis about what the problem is, which requires observing the employee to see what he or she is doing, and observe the workflow and how coworkers interact with the employee. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Application 20) Dick's Sporting Goods is a sports and fitness retailer with over 300 stores in 34 states. After beginning as a small bait and tackle shop in 1948, Dick's has grown to become a leader in the sports and fitness retail industry. Many career opportunities are available Dick's in areas as diverse as IT, product development, merchandising, and store management. Top management at Dick's realizes the importance of hiring and retaining quality employees. As a result, the firm has decided to implement policies, practices, and programs that support employees' career needs. Which of the following, if true, would best support the argument that Dick's should assign a coach to each new employee? A) The turnover rate of newly hired hourly employees at Dick's Sporting Goods is higher than the industry average. B) Many new employees at Dick's Sporting Goods have expressed interest in the firm's tuition reimbursement program. C) Dick's Sporting Goods has integrated preretirement counseling and succession planning into its career management practices. D) Dick's Sporting Goods uses talent management software to place new employees in the most appropriate positions. Answer: A Explanation: A) A high turnover rate of newly hired hourly employees suggests that employees are quitting because they do not know how to perform their jobs. Coaching involves educating, instructing, and training subordinates on short-term job-related skills, and it would most likely help reduce the turnover rate. Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytic Skills Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Critical Thinking 21) Tom, who has recently been assigned to coach a new employee, completed a self-evaluation of his coaching skills. Which of the following actions most likely indicates that Tom is an effective coach? A) paraphrasing information during a discussion B) focusing only on short-term skills C) asking closed-ended questions D) providing general feedback Answer: A Explanation: A) Paraphrasing helps clarify what is being communicated in a discussion, and it is a characteristic of effective coaches. Coaches should focus on both long-term and short-term career needs. Open rather than closed questions promote discussion, and feedback should be very specific. Diff: 2 AACSB: Communication abilities Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Application 22) ________ is a process for enabling employees to better understand and develop their career skills and interests and to use these skills and interests most effectively within the company and afterwards. A) Career management B) Career development C) Career planning D) Performance management Answer: A Explanation: A) Career management is a process for enabling employees to better understand and develop their career skills and interests and to use these skills and interests most effectively within the company and after they leave the firm. Specific career management activities might include providing realistic career oriented appraisals, posting open jobs, and offering formal career development activities. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 23) Which of the following terms refers to the lifelong series of activities that contribute to a person's career exploration, establishment, success, and fulfillment? A) performance management B) career development C) career management D) career planning Answer: B Explanation: B) Career development is the lifelong series of activities that contribute to a person's career exploration, establishment, success, and fulfillment. Career planning is the formal process through which someone becomes aware of his or her personal skills, interests, knowledge, motivations, and other characteristics. Career management is a process for enabling employees to better understand and develop their career skills and interests. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 24) Which of the following is a specific example of a career development activity? A) job evaluation B) training workshop C) college recruitment D) performance appraisal Answer: B Explanation: B) Career development is the lifelong series of activities that contribute to a person's career exploration, establishment, success, and fulfillment. Job evaluation, recruitment, and appraisals only indirectly contribute to a person's career development, while a training workshop is a specific method for career development. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 25) Which of the following best describes career planning? A) a deliberate process through which someone becomes aware of personal skills, interests, knowledge, and motivations and establishes action plans to attain specific career goals. B) the lifelong series of activities that contribute to a person's career exploration, establishment, success, and fulfillment C) a process of helping employees to better understand and develop their career skills and interests and to use these skills and interests most effectively. D) the process of educating, instructing, and training subordinates as they develop their career interests and job skills. Answer: A Explanation: A) Career planning is the deliberate process through which someone becomes aware of his or her personal skills, interests, knowledge, motivations, and other characteristics. Career development is a lifelong series of activities that contribute to a person's career fulfillment. Career management involves helping workers understand their skills and interests. Coaching involves educating and training subordinates. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 26) Jackie is working with a coach to identify her personal skills and interests. Afterwards, she will investigate opportunities that fit her skills and interests and set specific career goals. In which of the following activities is Jackie most likely participating? A) career management B) career development C) career planning D) job training Answer: C Explanation: C) Career planning is the deliberate process through which someone becomes aware of his or her personal skills, interests, knowledge, motivations, and other characteristics and establishes action plans to attain specific goals. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Application Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 27) Employers benefit from offering career development programs to employees in all of the following ways EXCEPT ________. A) supporting recruitment efforts B) boosting employee commitment C) enhancing employee strengths D) facilitating performance analysis Answer: D Explanation: D) Performance analysis refers to verifying and correcting an employee's performance deficiency, but it is not a benefit of career development programs. Firms that offer career development programs boost employee commitment, support recruitment and retention efforts, and equip employees with useful skills. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 28) Recent surveys indicate that employers are more likely to retain talented employees by offering all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) short-term incentives B) specific leadership opportunities C) multiple professional experiences D) broad functional exposure in the firm Answer: A Explanation: A) As of 2010, employers planned to focus both on money and on career development to retain and engage the right talent. One observer similarly says that "rather than focusing on incentives and perks to entice and retain employees, organizationswill hold onto the most talented workersby offering them a range of professional experiences, broad functional and geographic exposure within the organization, and more targeted leadership opportunities." Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 29) Dick's Sporting Goods is a sports and fitness retailer with over 300 stores in 34 states. After beginning as a small bait and tackle shop in 1948, Dick's has grown to become a leader in the sports and fitness retail industry. Many career opportunities are available Dick's in areas as diverse as IT, product development, merchandising, and store management. Top management at Dick's realizes the importance of hiring and retaining quality employees. As a result, the firm has decided to implement policies, practices, and programs that support employees' career needs. Which of the following, if true, would best support the argument that Dick's should add a career development aspect to its human resource activities? A) Dick's Sporting Goods' current policies and practices categorize the firm as a high-performance work system. B) Dick's Sporting Goods' performance appraisals will include development plans and individual goal setting. C) Dick's Sporting Goods' sales volume and hourly employee needs typically fluctuate throughout the year. D) Dick's Sporting Goods' will screen potential candidates using structured situational interviews. Answer: B Explanation: B) Performance appraisals with a traditional focus include ratings and rewards, but firms that have a career development focus add development plans and individual goal setting. Such additions can better equip employees and support their career development needs more effectively than traditional appraisals. Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytic Skills Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 30) Dick's Sporting Goods is a sports and fitness retailer with over 300 stores in 34 states. After beginning as a small bait and tackle shop in 1948, Dick's has grown to become a leader in the sports and fitness retail industry. Many career opportunities are available Dick's in areas as diverse as IT, product development, merchandising, and store management. Top management at Dick's realizes the importance of hiring and retaining quality employees. As a result, the firm has decided to implement policies, practices, and programs that support employees' career needs. All of the following questions are relevant to Dick's Sporting Goods' decision to implement a career development program EXCEPT ________. A) What is the average length of time that an employee works for Dick's Sporting Goods? B) How would the profits of Dick's Sporting Goods be affected by a change in hiring practices? C) What are the career needs and opportunities available to minorities and women employed by Dick's Sporting Goods? D) What will be the effect on recruiting and placement if employees' interests and attitudes are taken into consideration by the HR department at Dick's Sporting Goods? Answer: B Explanation: B) Issues such as recruiting, employee commitment, career development needs, and promotion processes are all relevant to a decision to implement a career development program. Profits and hiring practices are less relevant to the decision. Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytic Skills Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 31) In regards to an employee's career development, it is the primary responsibility of the ________ to make career plans, set goals, and utilize development opportunities. A) employer B) employee C) recruiter D) HR manager Answer: B Explanation: B) Employees are responsible for making career plans, setting goals, and utilizing development opportunities in respect to their own career development. Managers are responsible for providing feedback and developmental assignments, and the employer should provide training opportunities. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 32) All of the following are the role of the employer in an employee's career development EXCEPT ________. A) communicating policies and procedures B) analyzing interests, values, and skills C) providing performance feedback D) offering a variety of career paths Answer: B Explanation: B) It is the role of the employee to analyze his or her interests, values, and skills. Employers are responsible for communicating the firm's policies, providing training and feedback, and offering various career paths. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 33) Which of the following is primarily the role of the manager in an employee's career development? A) providing career information B) seeking development opportunities C) providing academic assistance programs D) providing accurate performance feedback Answer: D Explanation: D) It is the role of the manager to provide timely and accurate performance feedback to subordinates. Employees are responsible for seeking development opportunities. Employers should provide career information and academic assistance when appropriate. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 34) Orion Enterprises wants to provide employees with a Web-based library of career development materials, as well as individual career coaches and career workshops. Which term best describes the program that Orion plans to offer? A) career organization B) vocational training C) work sampling D) career center Answer: D Explanation: D) Career centers may include a Web-based or offline library of career development materials, career workshops, workshops on related topics (such as time management), and individual career coaches for career guidance. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Application Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast different approaches to training and development 35) Which of the following is the organization's role in an employee's career development? A) providing mentoring opportunities to support growth B) participating in career development discussions C) providing timely performance feedback D) establishing goals and career plans Answer: A Explanation: A) It is the responsibility of an organization to provide mentoring opportunities to support an employee's growth. The employee is responsible for establishing career plans. Managers should discuss career development with employees and provide performance feedback in a timely manner. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 36) Which of the following refers to an organized learning event in which participants conduct self-assessments, set goals, and develop action plans? A) competency-based job analysis B) career planning workshop C) job instruction training D) management retreat Answer: B Explanation: B) A career planning workshop is "a planned learning event in which participants are expected to be actively involved, completing career planning exercises and inventories and participating in career skills practice sessions." A typical workshop includes a self-assessment, an environmental assessment, goal-setting, and action-planning. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 37) All of the following are types of career development initiatives implemented by employers EXCEPT ________. A) 401(k) plans B) career coaches C) appraisal committees D) orientation programs Answer: A Explanation: A) Several employers provide 401(k)type lifelong learning accounts for their employees to use for career-related education, but 401(k) plans are not oriented towards career development. Career coaches, appraisal committees, and orientation programs are career development initiatives. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 38) All of the following are typical activities of career coaches EXCEPT helping employees to ________. A) make 1-5 year career plans B) identify development needs C) obtain networking opportunities D) negotiate with firms for higher salaries Answer: D Explanation: D) Career coaches helped individual employees identify their development needs and obtain the training, professional development, and networking opportunities that they need to satisfy those needs. Career coaches generally help employees create 1- to 5-year plans showing where their careers with the firm may lead. Career coaches are not likely to be involved with salary negotiations. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 39) Which of the following would most likely increase employee commitment? A) document the psychological contract B) create Web-based efficiency programs C) establish a career development program D) promise lifetime employment to managers Answer: C Explanation: C) The employer's career development efforts, taken as a whole, should send the signal that the employer cares about the employee's career success, and thus deserves the employee's commitment. Efficiency programs often lead to layoffs. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 40) What is most likely the best tool managers can use to support employees' career development needs? A) orientation sessions B) performance appraisals C) interest inventories D) graphic-rating scales Answer: B Explanation: B) Of all the opportunities an employer and supervisor have for supporting employees' career development needs, probably none is as important as a career-oriented appraisal. Performance appraisals can be used to support an employee's career development by linking the employee's performance, career interests, and developmental needs into a coherent career plan. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 41) Miranda wants to make partner at her law firm. However, she is worried because 70-hour work weeks are the norm for someone striving to make partner. Miranda wants to be fair to her family as well as excel at work. The best way for the law firm to address this problem is by ________. A) providing Miranda with a female career coach B) persuading Miranda to temporarily work in a less competitive law firm C) offering a flexible career track that allows Miranda to periodically reduce her work load D) providing a career planning workshop to help Miranda determine a more appropriate occupation Answer: C Explanation: C) Inflexible promotional ladders can put womenwho often have more responsibility for child-raising choresat a disadvantage. One solution is to institute career tracks (including reduced hours and more flexible year-round work schedules) that enable women to periodically reduce their time at work, but remain on a partner track. Career coaches and career planning workshops are more appropriate for people who are not sure about the direction of their careers, which is not Miranda's problem. Diff: 3 AACSB: Multicultural and diversity understanding Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Application Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast different approaches to training and development 42) Chelsea Bank employs a diverse group of employees, and the firm wants all of its workers to have equal career advancement opportunities. Which of the following most likely undermines Chelsea Bank's attempt to meet the career development needs of its diverse workforce? A) scheduling meetings at flexible times such as in the early morning or late evening B) offering career advancement seminars for women and minorities C) identifying mentors for women and minorities D) adopting flexible year-round work schedules Answer: A Explanation: A) Early morning and late night meetings disproportionately affect women and minorities often because of childcare issues. Career advancement seminars, mentors, and flexible schedules are all effective methods for meeting the various career development needs of a diverse workforce. Diff: 3 AACSB: Multicultural and diversity understanding Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast different approaches to training and development 43) Smith Industries has established a career development program for its employees that offers career coaching and workshops. However, a recent employee survey indicates that many women still feel dissatisfied about their career opportunities at the firm. Which of the following would most likely improve the attitudes of female employees at Smith Industries? A) Smith installs an electronic performance support system for telecommuters. B) Smith provides hardship allowances to all minority employees. C) Smith increases the number of performance appraisals. D) Smith implements a flexible career track system. Answer: D Explanation: D) Inflexible promotional ladders can put womenwho often have more responsibility for child-raising choresat a disadvantage. One solution is to institute flexible career tracks that enable women to periodically reduce their time at work, but remain on a partner track. Although performance appraisals can be used to discuss career needs, merely increasing the number of appraisals will not likely improve the attitudes of women. Diff: 3 AACSB: Multicultural and diversity understanding Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Application Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 44) Which of the following best explains the meaning of the term "glass ceiling"? A) formal corporate policies that prevent women from receiving the training needed to advance their careers B) spoken opinions by corporate leaders that women lack the knowledge and skills required for career advancement C) structural yet subtle barriers in corporate environments that inhibit the rise of talented women to leadership positions D) inadequate educational opportunities which ultimately limit the network opportunities available to women in the workforce Answer: C Explanation: C) Many refer to the subtle and not-so-subtle barriers to womens' career progress as the glass ceiling. Several types of career development programsfast-track programs, individual career counseling, and career planning workshopsare less available to women than to men. Diff: 2 AACSB: Multicultural and diversity understanding Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 45) Frank is a manager at a firm that does not have a career development program, but he wants to support the career development needs of his subordinates. All of the following are ways that Frank can support the career needs of his employees EXCEPT ________. A) offering employees training opportunities B) providing employee orientation to new hires C) using high-performance work system methods D) discussing career goals during regular performance appraisals Answer: C Explanation: C) Whether or not the employer has a career development program, the manager can do several things to support his or her subordinates' career development needs. For example, when the subordinate first begins his or her job, make sure through orientation and training that he or she gets off to a good start. Managers should schedule regular performance appraisals to discuss subordinates' career goals. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Application Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 46) Dick's Sporting Goods is a sports and fitness retailer with over 300 stores in 34 states. After beginning as a small bait and tackle shop in 1948, Dick's has grown to become a leader in the sports and fitness retail industry. Many career opportunities are available Dick's in areas as diverse as IT, product development, merchandising, and store management. Top management at Dick's realizes the importance of hiring and retaining quality employees. As a result, the firm has decided to implement policies, practices, and programs that support employees' career needs. Which of the following, if true, would best support the argument that the firm should institute a flexible career track program? A) Executive positions at Dick's Sporting Goods are rewarded for a combination of seniority and competence. B) Situational interviews are used at Dick's Sporting Goods to screen potential store managers. C) Executive positions at Dick's Sporting Goods are predominantly held by men. D) Over half of all Dick's Sporting Goods stores are run by female managers. Answer: C Explanation: C) A firm with few female executives may have inflexible promotional ladders that put women with child-raising duties at a disadvantage. If Dick's implemented a flexible career track with reduced hours and flexible work schedules, women would most likely stay at the firm and rise to high-level positions. Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytic Skills Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 47) ABC Consulting has a formal mentoring program in which senior-level managers are paired with less-experienced employees. Which of the following employees most likely needs a mentor? A) Raj, who is uncertain how to navigate office politics B) Jason, who does not perform tasks as quickly as required C) Michele, who is experiencing personal problems at home D) Haley, who is working and attending graduate school simultaneously Answer: A Explanation: A) Mentoring traditionally means having experienced senior people advising, counseling, and guiding employees' longer-term career development. An employee who agonizes over which career to pursue or how to navigate office politics might need mentoring. Jason would benefit from coaching rather than mentoring, and Justin already has a career plan. Mentors should not discuss personal problems. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Application Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 48) All of the following are characteristics of effective mentors EXCEPT ________. A) developing a trustworthy relationship B) guiding proteges into important projects C) focusing on the protege's daily tasks D) setting high standards for proteges Answer: C Explanation: C) Coaching, not mentoring, focuses on daily tasks. Effective mentors set high standards, are willing to invest the time and effort the mentoring relationship requires, and actively steer protgs into important projects, teams, and jobs. Effective mentoring requires trust, and the level of trust reflects the mentor's professional competence, consistency, ability to communicate, and readiness to share control. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 49) Based on research studies, which of the following is most likely a true statement about mentoring programs? A) Traditional mentoring programs are more effective for male than for female employees. B) When the mentor and protege work in different departments, mentoring is more effective. C) Proteges have more respect for mentors who work two levels above their own rank in a firm. D) Required mentoring relationships are more effective than informal mentoring relationships. Answer: A Explanation: A) Studies suggest that traditional mentoring is less effective for women that it is for men. For example, in one survey of employees who had "active mentoring relationships" in one recent year, 72% of the men received one or more promotions in the ensuing two years, compared with 65% of the women. Mentoring is more useful when mentors and protgs are in the same department. Trust is the main component of an effective mentoring relationship, not seniority. It makes little difference in the extent or quality of mentoring whether protgs volunteer to take part, or are assigned formally to mentors. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Concept 50) Michele's firm does not have a formal mentoring program. However, entry-level employees, such as Michele, are encouraged to form relationships with experienced workers. Michele wants to make sure that she has an effective mentor relationship. Which of the following mentor relationship guidelines would NOT be recommended to Michele? A) Clarify in advance how often you want to meet. B) Use an agenda to guide discussion topics. C) Clarify what you expect in terms of advice. D) Select a direct supervisor as a mentor. Answer: D Explanation: D) Proteges should not choose a direct supervisor because the situation could be awkward. It is better to choose someone who is one or two levels above your boss. Focusing on work rather than personal issues and making it clear the topics, time, and advice you expect are also useful. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Application 51) How are firms using technology for career development programs? A) using online testing systems to screen applicants B) providing mentors and coaches with online training systems C) monitoring employees' performance with electronic performance support systems D) using talent management systems to integrate employees' appraisal and training information Answer: D Explanation: D) Various talent management systems enable employers to achieve appraisal, career development, training, and succession planning integration. Employee performance support systems automate training and phone support and are less relevant to career development. Diff: 3 AACSB: Use of information technology Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast different approaches to training and development 52) Which of the following is most likely to occur when a new employee's high expectations and enthusiasm confront the reality of a boring job? A) halo effect B) reality shock C) disparate rejection D) cognitive dissonance Answer: B Explanation: B) Reality shock refers to what occurs when a new employee's expectations and enthusiasm confront the reality of a boring or otherwise unattractive work situation. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 53) Reality shock can most likely be prevented by providing new employees with ________. A) flexible schedules B) performance appraisals C) reassignments D) accurate job previews Answer: D Explanation: D) Realistic job previews, challenging first jobs, and an experienced mentor to help the new employee learn the ropes are important methods for avoiding reality shock. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 54) Which of the following terms refers to advancements to positions of increased responsibility? A) transfers B) appraisals C) promotions D) recruitments Answer: C Explanation: C) Promotions traditionally refer to advancements to positions of increased responsibility. Transfers are reassignments to similar positions within a firm. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 55) Which of the following terms refers to reassignments to similar positions in other parts of a firm? A) transfers B) layoffs C) dismissals D) promotions Answer: A Explanation: A) Transfers are reassignments to similar positions within a firm. Promotions traditionally refer to advancements to positions of increased responsibility. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 56) Competence rather than seniority is most likely the basis for promotion when ________. A) corporate competitiveness is necessary B) union agreements are involved C) civil service regulations apply D) compensation packages are limited Answer: A Explanation: A) Today's focus on competitiveness favors competence. However, union agreements sometimes contain clauses that emphasize seniority, and civil service regulations that stress seniority rather than competence often govern promotions in many public-sector organizations. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 57) Which of the following best summarizes the Peter Principle? A) Most executives fear changing the status quo, so they promote based on seniority not competence. B) A person's level of competence determines how high he or she rises in a firm's hierarchy. C) People are eventually promoted to positions that are beyond their levels of competence. D) A person's competency is too difficult to determine, so promotions are based on seniority. Answer: C Explanation: C) The Peter Principle asserts that companies often promote competent employees up to their "level of incompetence," where they then sit, sometimes underperforming for years. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 58) Which of the following is the simplest and most often used method for predicting the future performance of a candidate for promotion? A) prior performance B) aptitude tests C) assessment centers D) psychological exams Answer: A Explanation: A) Most employers use prior performance as a guide, and assume that (based on exemplary prior performance) the person will do well on the new job. This is the simplest method. Many others use tests or assessment centers to evaluate promotable employees and to identify those with executive potential. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 59) All of the following are characteristic of a formal promotion process EXCEPT ________. A) Open positions are posted B) Promotion criteria are made available C) Job postings are circulated to all employees D) Promotions are based on unpublished requirements Answer: D Explanation: D) Informal promotion processes are based on unpublished criteria. With formal promotion processes, employers set formal, published promotion policies and procedures, and employees receive a formal promotion policy describing the criteria by which the firm awards promotions. A job posting policy states the firm will post open positions and their requirements, and circulate these to all employees. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 60) Tanya accused a male superior of sexual harassment. Later, Tanya was turned down for a promotion because the accused superior persuaded Tanya's current supervisor not to promote Tanya. This is most likely an example of ________. A) demotion B) retaliation C) dissonance D) defensive behavior Answer: B Explanation: B) The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals case allowed a claim of retaliation to proceed when a female employee provided evidence that her employer turned her down for promotion because a supervisor she had previously accused of sexual harassment made comments that persuaded her current supervisor not to promote her. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Application Learning Outcome: Summarize the nature and effects of equal employment opportunity laws 61) According to the court system, promotions based on subjective assessments ________. A) support employers in adverse impact claims B) violate the Americans with Disabilities Act C) must be supported by objective evidence D) are valid under the Civil Rights Act of 1991 Answer: C Explanation: C) Courts have indicated that while subjective reasons can justify "adverse employment decisions, an employer must articulate any clear and reasonably specific factual bases upon which it based its decision." In other words, you should be able to provide objective evidence supporting your subjective assessment for promotion. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Summarize the nature and effects of equal employment opportunity laws 62) Routinely transferring employees to different cities is most likely no longer a common corporate practice because ________. A) relocation expenses are no longer tax deductible B) baby boomer employees are nearing retirement C) most firms allow top executives to telecommute D) firms realize that such moves disrupt family stability Answer: D Explanation: D) Many firms have had policies of routinely transferring employees from locale to locale, but such easy-transfer policies have fallen into some disfavor. This is partly because of the high cost of relocating employees (moving expenses and buying the employee's current home, for instance), and partly because firms assume that frequent transfers adversely affect transferees' family lives. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 63) Why are an increasing number of firms focusing on retirement planning? A) concerns about future labor shortages B) surveys of current employee attitudes C) modifications to the promotion process D) increases in health insurance premiums Answer: A Explanation: A) Retirement planning is a significant long-term issue for employers. In the United States, the number of 25- to 34-year-olds is growing relatively slowly, and the number of 35- to 44-year olds is declining. So, with many employees in their 50s and 60s moving toward traditional retirement age, employers face a longer-term labor shortage. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 64) All of the following are true statements about retirement EXCEPT ________. A) most employees who plan to work after 65 must do so for financial reasons B) most employees expect to continue working after normal retirement age C) most employees who plan to work after 65 want a part-time position D) many retirement age workers want to stay active through working Answer: A Explanation: A) 78% of employees in one survey said they expect to continue working in some capacity after normal retirement age (64% said they want to do so part-time). Only about a third said they plan to continue work for financial reasons; about 43% said they just wanted to remain active. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 65) All of the following methods are used by firms to recruit and retain retirement-age workers EXCEPT ________. A) implementing phased retirement programs B) allowing workers to telecommute C) using psychometric selection tests D) reducing work responsibilities Answer: C Explanation: C) Firms trying to recruit or retain older workers are implementing phased retirement programs, allowing workers to telecommute, reducing work responsibilities, and offering part-time or freelance positions. Firms are replacing psychometric selection tests with role-playing exercises. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 66) Which of the following terms refers to the automated end-to-end process of planning, recruiting, developing, managing, and compensating employees throughout the organization? A) performance management B) human resource management C) management by objectives D) talent management Answer: D Explanation: D) Talent management is the automated end-to-end process of planning, recruiting, developing, managing, and compensating employees throughout the organization. Because talent management involves recruiting, hiring, and developing high potential employees, it requires coordinating several human resource activities, in particular workforce acquisition, assessment, development, and retention. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 67) Employers that focus on talent management are primarily interested in retaining ________. A) educated workers B) senior-level employees C) mission-critical employees D) workers with global experience Answer: C Explanation: C) Talent management-oriented employers put special emphasis on developing and retaining mission-critical employees. Mission-critical workers may or may not be educated, senior-level, or internationally experienced. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 68) Poor attendance and voluntary turnover are most likely characteristics of ________. A) decreasing employee engagement B) minimal job expectations C) shrinking labor markets D) poor supervision Answer: A Explanation: A) Poor attendance, voluntary turnover, and psychological withdrawal don't just illustrate job withdrawal, they also exemplify diminished employee engagement. Boring jobs, low pay, lack of career prospects, and unsupportive management may be factors in decreasing employee engagement. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 2 Skill: Concept 69) A manager who frequently reminds employees how their efforts contribute to accomplishing the company's goals will most likely ________. A) trigger creativity B) minimize disagreements C) eliminate early retirements D) boost employee engagement Answer: D Explanation: D) Engagement-supporting actions include making sure employees (1) understand how their departments contribute to the company's success, (2) see how their own efforts contribute to achieving the company's goals, and (3) get a sense of accomplishment from working at the firm. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 2 Skill: Concept 70) The primary purpose of Accenture's say, stay, and strive program is to ________. A) promote minority employees B) mentor newly hired workers C) assess employee engagement D) identify training and development needs Answer: C Explanation: C) The consulting firm Accenture uses a three part "shorthand" method to assess engagement: they call it say, stay, and strive. Promotions, mentors, and training needs are not the primary purpose of the program. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 2 Skill: Concept 71) For many employees, professional growth opportunities act as an incentive to remain with a firm because such programs indicate that a company cares about its workers. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Inadequate career and professional development prospects prompt many employees to leave. Conversely, a well-thought-out the training and career development program can provide a strong incentive for staying with the company. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 72) According to research, the turnover rate is relatively the same across all industries in the U.S. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Turnoverthe rate at which employees leave the firm-- varies markedly among indus-tries. Thus, turnover in the accommodation and food services industry is chronically high, with over half the industry's employees voluntarily leaving each year. In contrast, voluntary turnover in the educational services industry is about 12%. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 73) Boring jobs, low pay, inadequate supervision, and poor working conditions are likely to lead to job withdrawal. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Job withdrawal occurs when employees mentally and physically separate themselves from their work environments. Boring jobs, poor management, and low pay are some of the many reasons for job withdrawal. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 74) Studies indicate that approximately 40% of the global workforce is engaged. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Studies, including one from the consulting firm TowersPerrin, concluded that only about 21% of the global workforce is engaged, while almost 40% is disengaged. Diff: 1 AACSB: Dynamics of the global economy Chapter: 10 Objective: 2 Skill: Concept 75) IBM initiated an on-demand staffing strategy to meet the changing technological needs of its customers. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Technological change is occurring so fast that IBM will soon need a workforce with dramatically different skills than its workforce has now, one capable of reacting to customers' changing needs at once, "on demand." IBM chose to put in place an on-demand staffing strategy, one that aims to ensure that its current employees get the training and coaching they need to play roles in IBM's future. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 76) The final step in the coaching process requires the coach and the employee to agree on the problem and a change plan. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Planning is the second step of the coaching process, while follow-up is the last step. Perhaps the most powerful way to get someone to change is to obtain his or her enthusiastic agreement on what change is required. This requires reaching agreement on the problem and on what to change. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Concept 77) Interpersonal communication skills are an essential element for effective coaching. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Both the planning stage and the active coaching stage require interpersonal communication skills on the part of the coach. Effective coaches are able to offer ideas and advice in a way that the employee will listen, understand, and appreciate. Diff: 2 AACSB: Communication abilities Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Concept 78) Studies indicate that traditional mentoring is less effective for men than it is for women. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Studies suggest that traditional mentoring is less effective for women that it is for men. For example, in one survey of employees who had "active mentoring relationships" in one recent year, 72% of the men received one or more promotions in the ensuing two years, compared with 65% of the women. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 4 Skill: Concept 79) Career development is the lifelong series of activities that contributes to a person's career exploration, establishment, success, and fulfillment. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Career development refers to activities such as workshops, education, and training that contribute to a person's career establishment, success, and fulfillment. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 80) A career is the occupational positions one holds at a single organization. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The term career refers to the occupational positions a person has had over many years but not necessarily at one organization. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 81) Most young workers entering the job market today are heavily focused on their job and their employer, unlike baby boomers who preferred to balance work and family. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Baby boomersthose retiring in the next few yearstended to be job- and employer-focused. Those entering the job market now often value work arrangements that provide more opportunities for balanced lives. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 82) Studies suggest that firms that support their employees' career development are rewarded with employee commitment and longer retention rates. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Employers benefit from offering career development. The employees, armed with better insights about their occupational strengths, should be better equipped to serve the company. Supporting your employees' career development may also boost employee commitment and support your recruitment and retention efforts. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast different approaches to training and development 83) While career development ultimately should result in an employee who is more employable, such programs often result in increased employee commitment. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Employees who work for firms that offer career development programs become more knowledgeable, which makes them more employable. However, supporting an employee's career development may also boost employee commitment. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast different approaches to training and development 84) The employee, the manager, and the employer equally share the responsibility for an employee's career development and career success. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Although the employer and manager have roles in guiding employees' careers, no employee should ever abandon this task to others. The consequences of a bad choice (or of no choice) are too severe to leave to others. The employee's career success or failure is ultimately the employee's responsibility. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 85) Matching individual strengths and weaknesses with occupational opportunities and threats is a key to the career planning process. Answer: TRUE Explanation: For the employee, career planning means matching individual strengths and weaknesses with occupational opportunities and threats. In other words, the person wants to pursue occupations, jobs, and a career that capitalize on his or her interests, aptitudes, values, and skills. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 86) A career planning workshop helps employees identify their interests, set career goals, and practice career skills. Answer: TRUE Explanation: A career planning workshop is "a planned learning event in which participants are expected to be actively involved, completing career planning exercises and inventories and participating in career skills practice sessions." A typical workshop includes a self-assessment, an environmental assessment, and goal-setting and action-planning segments. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 87) Retirement preparation, succession planning, job posting, and management counseling are popular career management practices offered by organizations around the world. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Various employer career practices include posting job openings, formal education, career-oriented performance appraisals, counseling by managers, counseling by HR, retirement preparation, and succession planning. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 88) In a career-oriented appraisal, a manager matches an employee's strengths and weaknesses with a feasible career path and developmental needs, but the employee is not rated for actual job performance. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Career-oriented appraisals combine the ratings and feedback of performance appraisals with a discussion of the employee's career development. Performance appraisals that are career-oriented are not just about telling someone how he or she has done but for linking the employee's performance, career interests, and developmental needs into a coherent career plan. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 89) The best opportunity for discussing career-related issues with an employee is during the annual or semi-annual appraisal. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Performance appraisals are an opportunity for discussing and linking an employee's performance, career interests, and developmental needs into a coherent career plan. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 90) The barriers for women to advance at work are referred to as the glass ceiling because federal legislation has enabled women to earn an equal number of top-level positions as men. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The subtle barriers to the career progress of women are known as the glass ceiling because women can see the top positions but are prevented from reaching them. Although women constitute 40% of the workforce, they have only 2% of the top management jobs. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 91) Job shock occurs when a new employee's high expectations confront the reality of a boring job. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Reality shock refers to the phenomenon that results when a new employee's expectations meet the reality of an unattractive work situation. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Concept 92) A focus on competitiveness and motivation suggests that a company should promote on the basis of seniority. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Probably the most important decision is whether to base promotion on seniority or competence, or some combination of the two. Today's focus on competitiveness favors competence. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 93) Women constitute approximately 40% of the workforce but hold less than 2% of top management positions. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Similarly, women still don't make it to the top of the career ladder in numbers proportionate to their numbers in U.S. industry. Women constitute more than 40% of the workforce, but hold less than 2% of top management positions. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 94) An employer's promotion processes are free of the requirements imposed by anti-discrimination laws. Answer: FALSE Explanation: In general, the employer's promotion processes must comply with all the same antidiscrimination laws as do procedures for recruiting and selecting employees or any other HR actions. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 95) Many U.S.firms are concerned about labor shortages because of the rapidly rising number of 25-44 year olds in the workforce and the small number of workers near retirement age. Answer: FALSE Explanation: In the United States, the number of 25- to 34-year-olds is growing relatively slowly, and the number of 35- to 44-year olds is declining. So, with many employees in their 50s and 60s moving toward traditional retirement age, employers face a longer-term labor shortage. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 96) Most employees who continue working after retirement age must do so because of their financial instability. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Only one-third of retirement age workers who continue working do so for financial reasons. Most of them work to remain active. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 97) Conducting a demographic analysis of employees is one of the first steps that a firm should take when determining the labor and financial effects of retiring workers. Answer: TRUE Explanation: A reasonable first step in planning for the effects of retiring workers is to conduct numerical analyses of pending retirements. This should include a demographic analysis (including a census of the company's employees), a determination of the average retirement age for the company's employees, and a review of how retirement is going to affect the employer's health care and pension benefits. The employer can then determine the extent of the "retirement problem" and take fact-based steps to address it. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Concept 98) Talent management is the process of attracting, selecting, training, developing, and promoting employees through an organization. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Talent management refers to the "process of attracting, selecting, training, developing, and promoting employees through an organization." The main thing driving the talent management movement is the availability of new talent management information systems. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 99) The primary purpose of talent management is to ensure that employees develop the skills they need to experience success throughout their careers. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Talent management is like career management from the employer's point of view. The employee wants to align his or her skills, training, performance feedback, and development in such a way as to have a successful career. With talent management, the employer wants to integrate the same functions to ensure that it is using its corporate talent in the best possible way. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 100) Engaged employees are committed to accomplishing their jobs and achieving company goals. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Employees who are engaged are psychologically involved in, connected to, and committed to getting their jobs done. Diff: 1 Chapter: 10 Objective: 2 Skill: Concept 101) In a brief essay, discuss the roles and responsibilities of managers, mentors, and coaches in an employee's career development. Answer: The manager should provide timely performance feedback, developmental assignments and support. The manager should participate in career development discussions. The manager should support employee development plans. A coach focuses on teaching shorter-term job-related skills. A mentor helps employees navigate longer-term career hazards. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3, 4 Skill: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 102) How can firms benefit from both career planning programs and retirement planning programs? Answer: When employers provide the tools, environment, and skill development opportunities for employees, employees are better equipped to serve the company and build it to its potential. Career development may also cultivate employee commitment. Retirement planning is no longer just for helping current employees slip into retirement, but it can also enable the employer to retain, in some capacity, the skills and brain power of those who would normally retire and leave the firm. Employers seeking to recruit and/or retain retirees need to take several steps. The general idea is to institute human resource policies that encourage and support older workers. Not surprisingly, studies show that employees who are more committed and loyal to the employer are more likely to stay beyond their normal retirement age. Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills Chapter: 10 Objective: 1, 3 Skill: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 103) How has the psychological contract between employers and employees changed over time? How can employers gain greater commitment from employees? Answer: The psychological contract in years past likely involved hard work and loyalty on the part of the employee in exchange for a secure position from the organization. Today, the psychological contract is temporary because both parties recognize the indefinite nature of the business. Now, employees are expected to work hard and be loyal while employed and in exchange the company will provide developmental opportunities necessary for the employee to move on at some point in the future. Employees today tend to think of themselves as free agents, there to do a good job but also to prepare for the next likely move, to another firm. In this environment, many employees expect their employers to provide an opportunity for them to broaden their career options. The employer can do many things to improve the employee's development and career prospects, from job postings and tuition reimbursement to career planning workshops. The main thing is that the employer's career development efforts, taken as a whole, should send the signal that the employer cares about the employee's career success, and thus deserves the employee's commitment. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 104) What methods are available to firms that want to foster employee enagement and also support employees' career development needs? Answer: Engagement-supporting actions include making sure employees (1) understand how their departments contribute to the company's success, (2) see how their own efforts contribute to achieving the company's goals, and (3) get a sense of accomplishment from working at the firm. Some examples of supporting the career development needs of employees include posting job openings, supporting a formal education, providing career-oriented performance appraisals, counseling by managers, offering lateral, developmental moves, counseling by HR, providing retirement preparation, and succession planning. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 2, 3 Skill: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 105) You are considering a position as an entry-level management trainee, but you want to know what the company has to offer in the way of career development initiatives. What are two innovative career development initiatives that you would like to see at the company? Explain why you think the firm should implement your two choices. Answer: Several initiatives may be named here. Individual budgets for employee development Onsite or online career centers with materials and workshops Opportunities for working in a variety of positions Opportunity to take courses with nearby colleges or through consultants Career success teams for networking and support Career coaches Career planning workshops Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytic Skills Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast different approaches to training and development 106) What steps can an employer take to enhance the career development needs and promotional prospects of its female employees? Answer: There are several steps companies can take to enhance the prospects for women. First, organizations should take the career interests of women employees seriously. They should identify institutional barriers and eliminate them. For instance, requiring late evening meetings disproportionately affects women. Unfortunately, many career development programs are not consistent with the needs of minority and nonminority women. For example, many such programs underestimate the role played by family responsibilities in many women's lives. Similarly, some programs assume that career paths are continuous; however, the need to stop working for a time to attend to family needs often punctuates the career paths of many people of color and women. Instituting career tracks can enable women to periodically reduce their time at work while still remaining on a career track. Companies should improve the opportunities for networking and mentoring. They should eliminate the glass ceiling; though this is a difficult challenge. Finally, companies can institute flexible schedules to provide women the opportunity to meet their obligations at home and at work successfully. Diff: 3 AACSB: Multicultural and diversity understanding Chapter: 10 Objective: 3, 5 Skill: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast different approaches to training and development 107) What is reality shock? What efforts can be taken by an employer to prevent reality shock? Answer: Reality shock occurs when a new employee has high expectations for a new job but then finds that the job is boring and/or unchallenging. Employers can prevent this by providing realistic job previews and challenging first jobs. A realistic job preview can help prospective employees more accurately gauge whether the job is really for them and whether the job's demands are a good fit with a candidate's skills and interests. Diff: 2 Chapter: 10 Objective: 3 Skill: Application 108) In a brief essay, discuss the four decisions that affect a firm's promotion process. Answer: The first decision is whether to base promotions on seniority or competence or some combination of the two. A focus on competitiveness and motivation favors promotion based on competence. But when union or civil service regulations are involved, seniority may be favored. The second decision occurs if the firm chooses to base the promotional process on competence. If it does, the firm must then decide how to define and measure competence. Past performance is based on defining the job, setting standards, and appraising performance. For promotional purposes, the organization must decide whether this past performance is also predictive of a candidate's future performance. The third decision is whether the process is formal or informal. If the process is informal, employees may feel like one's personal network is more important than performance. Formal procedures include formal promotion policies that are distributed to all employees. They may also include a job-posting policy and the use of employee qualification briefs. The fourth decision is whether the promotion will be vertical or horizontal or something else. This may be an issue if a company is downsizing. Promotions can involve different types of positions aside from supervisory positions. Diff: 3 Chapter: 10 Objective: 5 Skill: Application 109) What is talent management? What tools are available to firms that want to implement a talent management system? Answer: Talent management is the automated end-to-end process of planning, recruiting, developing, managing, and compensating employees throughout the organization.While employers have long "managed their talent" without computerized systems, talent management today is usually information technologybased. Several software providers offer specialized talent management suites. The suites include and integrate underlying talent management components such as e-recruiting, e-training, performance reviews, and rewards. Diff: 3 AACSB: Use of information technology Chapter: 10 Objective: 1 Skill: Application Learning Outcome: Define human resource management and describe modern trends in the field 110) What are the characteristics of an effective mentor? How can a mentoring program help improve a firm's retention rates? Answer: Effective mentors set high standards, are willing to invest the time and effort the mentoring relationship requires, and actively steer protgs into important projects, teams, and jobs. Effective mentoring requires, and the level of trust reflects the mentor's professional competence, consistency, ability to communicate, and readiness to share control. A mentoring program may help reduce involuntary employee turnover by providing an employee with a support system for discussing issues, office politics, promotion opportunities, and performance goals. Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytic Skills Chapter: 10 Objective: 1, 4 Skill: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles that employees and employers play in managing careers 45Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Which term refers to a phenomenon that occurs when a new employee's high expectations are met with a dull job?The Pygmalion effect, or Rosenthal effect, is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area.
Which of the following terms refers to advancements to position of increased responsibility?Promotion is defined as giving a higher position to the employee, which carries more responsibilities and higher status. Promotion means advancement of an employee in terms of pay and status and also improvement in working conditions.
What is defined as the occupational positions a person hold over the years?Explanation: D) A career is the occupational positions a person holds over the years.
What's the primary method for management to support the career development of employees?The answer is D) providing realistic performance reviews. This is the foundational career development approach employed by a majority of employers.
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Which term refers to actions intended to place physical or psychological distance?
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