Hypokalemia Show Potassium is important for ICF osmolality, cardiac conduction, acid-base balance, and electrical impulse transmission. Causes of hypokalemia include diuretics, GI fluid loss from vomiting, gastric suction or diarrhea, steroid administration, hyperaldosteronism, anorexia, and bulimia. The greatest concern with low potassium is dysthymias that can cause cardiac arrest. 1st signs - CNS: altered mental status, confusion, headache, lethargy, seizures, decreased level of consciousness eventuating in coma. OTHER SIGNS: Table Salt 1. irritability, fatigue, apprehension, 135 mEq/L Explanation: muscle weakness. Recommended textbook solutions
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Medical Terminology: Learning Through Practice1st EditionPaula Manuel Bostwick 1,562 solutions Which electrolyte will most impact fluid status in the body? Potassium ... James is experiencing water intoxication as a result of psychogenic polydipsia, a condition compelling him to drink excessive amounts of water. He is weak, lethargic, and confused. The nurse is concerned about seizures. Which electrolyte imbalance is causing the problem? Hyponatremia. Rationale_ Sodium regulates fluid volume. When sodium is reabsorbed, so are water and potassium. Common causes of hyponatremia include diuretics, GI fluid loss, adrenal insufficiency, excessive intake of hypotonic IV solutions and water, and syndrome of inappropriate ADH release. The greatest risk for a client with hyponatremia is seizures, so safety standards should be initiated. Kimberly
went on a hike with friends on a hot summer day. She did not take adequate amounts of water and is brought to the emergency department with a high fever, dry mouth, sticky mucous membranes, and hallucinations. Hypernatremia Rationale- Maddie, an older adult, takes a loop diuretic twice a day for congestive heart failure. She tells her daughter that she's very tired and weak, feels nauseated, and notices heart palpitations. Which electrolyte imbalance is causing the problem? Hypokalemia. Rationale- Mark has chronic renal failure. He missed dialysis yesterday and today he feels weak with intestinal colic. His ECG shows dysrhythmias with tall T waves. Which electrolyte imbalance is causing the problem Hyperkalemia Rationale- Anna is
recovering from a thyroidectomy in which her parathyroid gland was also removed. She tells the nurse she has muscle cramping as well as numbness and tingling in her fingers and toes. The nurse assesses a positive Chvostek's sign. Hypocalcemia Rationale- Vic is in the final stages of cancer with metastatic bone disease. He is weak and constipated with anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. He is very thirsty and urinating often. Hypercalcemia Rationale- Eric has been an alcoholic for 10 years. He drinks daily and consumes the majority of his caloric intake this way. He is disoriented, irritable, and showing dysrhythmias on the cardiac monitor.Which electrolyte imbalance is causing the problem? Hypomagnesemia Rationale- Low magnesium levels are often a result of chronic alcoholism, malabsorption, diabetic ketoacidosis, and prolonged gastric suctions. The loss of magnesium can cause irritability to the neuromuscular and cardiac systems. Iliana has been dealing with adrenal insufficiency for 5 years. She has hypotension, feels warm to touch, and is lethargic. Her reflexes are hypoactive. Hypermagnesemia Rationale- Santos has been without food for almost 2
weeks as a result of digestive problems. He has been started on a meal and is eager to clean his plate. After eating, he experiences joint stiffness and paresthesia of the extremities. Hypophosphate rationale- Christina is on chemotherapy for breast cancer. She is experiencing tetany symptoms with tingling of the extremities. She has been started on aluminum hydroxide with meals. Which electrolyte imbalance is causing the problem? Hyperphosphatemia rationale- The nurse is caring for a client with severe diabetic ketoacidosis. Which electrolyte imbalance will occur as a result of the acidotic
state? hyperkalemia Which electrolytes are inversely related to each other? Phosphorous and calcium The nurse notes an increase in the fluids removed with gastric suctioning. What electrolyte should be monitored more closely as a
result? potasium Upon assessment, the nurse identified a positive Trousseau's sign. What electrolyte is of concern? Calcium As the nurse is assessing the hypotonic intravenous fluids, he realizes that the rate was not properly
regulated and the client received 1,000 mL over 2 hours. What electrolyte imbalance is of greatest concern? hyponatremia A student nurse is discussing the diet required in client with hypertension who is also at risk for osteoporosis and takes a diuretic. Which dietary change designed to control electrolytes and fluids in this client noted by the nurse indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. "Sodium intake must be limited in hypertensive clients." "Clients with hypertension should follow a very low-carbohydrate diet." "Hypertensive clients should ensure minimal phosphorus intake." Edema is caused by an excess of which type of fluid? interstitial- Rationale Which are examples of electrolytes? Select all that apply. Sodium Sodium Which movement of fluids and solutes requires energy? active transport Which is the greatest determinant of intracellular osmolality? potassium Which electrolyte is found primarily in bones and teeth? Calcium Which electrolyte is often given as a supplement to elderly people to reduce the risk of fractures and osteoporosis? Calcium An 18-year-old
client is brought to the emergency department following a motorcycle accident. The client has lost a large volume of blood and nurses are unable to establish IV access using a peripheral vein. His or her blood pressure is barely palpable. Which is the best IV route for immediate fluid resuscitation? Intraosseous catheter Which
are complications of IV therapy? Select all that apply. Infiltration Which are types of reactions clients may have to administration of blood and blood products? Select all that apply. Allergic Which occurs with the hematocrit level in the blood while IV solution is administered? Hematocrit Which signs and symptoms could appear in a patient experiencing water intoxication?The symptoms and signs of water intoxication were described for the first time by Rowntree in 1923 (quoted from2)). The early-stage symptoms may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and blurred vision, as well as mental status changes such as confusion, restlessness, irritability, and lethargy.
What is water intoxication quizlet?Water intoxication. Occurs when excess body water causes cells to swell dangerously and become not functional.
Which is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia?Hypomagnesemia is an electrolyte disturbance caused when there is a low level of serum magnesium (less than 1.46 mg/dL) in the blood. Hypomagnesemia can be attributed to chronic disease, alcohol use disorder, gastrointestinal losses, renal losses, and other conditions.
What is the most common cause of high electrolyte concentration quizlet?Hyperkalemia is an elevated serum potassium level. The most common cause is renal failure.
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Which signs and symptoms could appear in a patient experiencing water intoxication? quizlet
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