Which of the following terms refers to the series of equal payments at intervals?

(a) Perpetuity
Perpetuity(P) is a constant flow of equal cash flows(CF) that happen at periodic intervals and last indefinitely. It's effectively an annuity with no set end date. Essentially dividing the quantity of the periodic CF by the discount factor yields the current value of such perpetuity. A person employs the perpetuity computation in valuation procedures to calculate the present worth of a firm's CF when reduced back at a given rate.
 

(b) Annuity 
An annuity(A) is a series of equal monetary payments made at frequent intervals. Annuities are classified into three types: fixed, variable, and index, each with its risk level and payment possibilities. They are also the kind of insurance agreements that offer to provide frequent income instantly or later.
 

(c) Growing Perpetuity 
Growing perpetuity(GP) is a continuous CF stream that increases at a steady pace in perpetuity. GP has a rate of growth that raises the CF generated each period in the future.GP is a set of payments made that increase at a proportional pace and are earned for an unlimited length of time.
 

(d) Growing Annuity
A growing annuity(GA) is a sequence of equal installments that rise at a steady rate over time. GA is a set of payments that grow rapidly. This growth can occur on a yearly or monthly basis.GA is a series of payments made that increase at a proportional ratio and are collected for a limited amount of time.

What Is an Ordinary Annuity?

An ordinary annuity is a series of equal payments made at the end of consecutive periods over a fixed length of time. While the payments in an ordinary annuity can be made as frequently as every week, in practice they are generally made monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, or annually. The opposite of an ordinary annuity is an annuity due, in which payments are made at the beginning of each period. These two series of payments are not the same as the financial product known as an annuity, though they are related.

Key Takeaways

• An ordinary annuity is a series of regular payments made at the end of each period, such as monthly or quarterly.
• In an annuity due, by contrast, payments are made at the beginning of each period.
• Consistent quarterly stock dividends are one example of an ordinary annuity; monthly rent is an example of an annuity due.

What's an Ordinary Annuity?

How an Ordinary Annuity Works

Examples of ordinary annuities are interest payments from bonds, which are generally made semiannually, and quarterly dividends from a stock that has maintained stable payout levels for years. The present value of an ordinary annuity is largely dependent on the prevailing interest rate.

Because of the time value of money, rising interest rates reduce the present value of an ordinary annuity, while declining interest rates increase its present value. This is because the value of the annuity is based on the return your money could earn elsewhere. If you can get a higher interest rate somewhere else, the value of the annuity in question goes down.

Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity Example

The present value formula for an ordinary annuity takes into account three variables. They are as follows:

• PMT = the period cash payment
• r = the interest rate per period
• n = the total number of periods

Given these variables, the present value of an ordinary annuity is:

• Present Value = PMT x ((1 - (1 + r) ^ -n ) / r)

For example, if an ordinary annuity pays $50,000 per year for five years and the interest rate is 7%, the present value would be:

• Present Value = $50,000 x ((1 - (1 + 0.07) ^ -5) / 0.07) = $205,010

An ordinary annuity will have a lower present value than an annuity due, all else being equal.

Present Value of an Annuity Due Example

Recall that with an ordinary annuity, the investor receives the payment at the end of the time period. That stands in contrast to an annuity due, in which the investor receives the payment at the beginning of the period. A common example is rent, where the renter typically pays the landlord in advance for the month ahead. This difference in payment timing affects the value of the annuity. The formula for an annuity due is as follows:

• Present Value of Annuity Due = PMT + PMT x ((1 - (1 + r) ^ -(n-1) / r)

If the annuity in the above example was instead an annuity due, its present value would be calculated as:

• Present Value of Annuity Due = $50,000 + $50,000 x ((1 - (1 + 0.07) ^ -(5-1) / 0.07) = $219,360.

All else being equal, an annuity due is always worth more than an ordinary annuity, because the money is received earlier.

Which term refers to the series of equal payments at regular intervals?

Which of the following refers to an equal payment made at the beginning of each period over a period of time?

What is a series of equal payments to be received at the beginning of each period for a finite period of time quizlet?

Is a series of equal payments at equal interest?