Which of the following should be superimposed on a lateral projection of the skull?

Which facial bone forms the majority of the hard palate?

Which three cranial bones articulate directly with the zygomatic bone?

Frontal, sphenoid, temporal

Which of the following terms describes the junction of the two nasal bones with the frontal bone?

Nasion

Acanthion

Glabella

Supraorbital groove

Which of the following structures are described as scroll-like projections found in the nasal cavity?

Which two bones form the bony nasal septum?

The upper and lower teeth are embedded in the:

The point of union between both halves of the mandible is termed:

What type of joint movement occurs with the temporomandibular joint?

The posterior aspect of the orbit is termed the:

The term antrum of highmore refers to the:

Which sinus often produces an air/fluid level indicating a basilar skull fracture?

Where are the ethmoid sinuses located within the ethmoid bone?

T/F. All of the paranasal sinses intercommunicate with each other and/or with the nasal cavity.

T/F. Infection involving the upper teeth may involve the frontal sinuses.

The ____ sinuses develop last and are not fully developed until the teenage years.

Which bone is involved with a tripod fracture?

A fracture involving the facial bones where a blow to one side causes a fracture to the opposite side is termed a ___ fracture.

T/F. For a lateral facial bones projection, the head should be adjusted so the MSP is parallel to the IR and the IOML is perpendicular to the front edge of the IR.

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the facial bones?

Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus

What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the waters projection?

Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the waters projection?

T/F. The modified waters projection requires more extension of the head and neck as compared to the waters projection.

Where does the CR exit for a modified waters projection of the facial bones?

Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR with a true lateral nasal bone projection?

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the bony nasal septum?

Waters

Lateral nose

AP axial projection

Lateral facial bones

The CR must be placed parallel to the ____ positioning line for the superoinferior projection of the nasal bones.

What can the tech do if the pt cannot extend the neck adequately for the routine SMV projection of the zygomatic arches?

Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to the IOML

Which positioning line is parallel to the IR for the oblique inferosuperior (tangential) projection of the zygomatic arches?

Which projection best demonstrates the floor of the orbits?

Modified waters projection

Which positioning line must be used with a 30 degree caudad angle for an AP axial projection of the zygomatic arches?

What is the angle between the MSP and the IR for the parieto-orbital projection of the optic foramen?

Which positioning line is placed perpendicular to the IR for the parieto-orbital projection of the optic foramina?

T/F. Optic foramen studies are routinely taken as bilateral projections.

How much cephalad CR angulation is required for the axiolateral projection of the mandible?

How much skull rotation(from a lateral position) is required to place the ramus parallel to the IR for the axiolateral projection of the mandible?

Why is the chin extended for an axiolateral projection of the mandible?

To prevent superimposition upon the c-spine

Which positioning line is perpendicular to the IR for a PA projection of the mandible?

Where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection of the mandible?

What CR angle is required for the AP axial projection for the temporomadibular joints with the OML perpendicular to the IR?

The modified law method for TMJ requires a ____ degree rotation of the skull and a _____ degree angle of the CR.

What is the position of the skull for a Schuller method projection of the TMJs?

What CR angle is required for the schuller method projection of the TMJs?

Along with the use of erect positions, what other technical factor is important to demonstrate air/fluid levels in paranasal sinuses?

Which sinuses are best demonstrated with the PA projection?

Which sinuses are best demonstrated with a waters projection?

Which sinus is projected through the oral cavity with a parietoacanthial transoral projection?

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the facial bones reveals that the mandibular rami are NOT superimposed. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?

A radiograph of a waters projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding?

Insufficient neck extension

A radiograph of a PA Caldwell projection reveals that the petrous ridges are projection into the lower 1/3 of the maxillary sinuses. Which of the following modifications should be made during the repeat exposure?

Increase the extension of the neck

Decrease the extension of the neck

Nothing

Angle CR 10 degrees caudad

Decrease the extension of the neck

A radiograph of a parieto-orbitial projection for the optic foramen reveals that the optic foramen is projected into the inferior orbital rim. Which of the following modifications is needed to produce a more diagnostic image?

Decrease extension of hand and neck

Increase extension of head and neck

Decrease angle of head

Increase angle of head

Decrease extension of head and neck

Which one of the following bones is part of the floor of the cranium?

Temporal

Occipital

Frontal

Parietal

The organ of hearing is found in which bone?

What is the name of the joint found between the lateral condylar processes and superior articular process of C1?

Which cranial bone articulates with all the other cranial bones?

The ridge of bone just inferior to the eyebrow is termed the:

Which of the following landmarks corresponds with the level of the petrous ridge?

The hypophysis(pituitary) gland is associated with and protected by the _____ bone.

Which bone contains the foramen ovale?

Which bone contains the cribiform plate?

Which of the following sutures separates the parietal from the occipital bones?

Which one of the following terms describes the small irregular bones found occasionally in the sutures?

To which aspect of the ear does the Eustachian tube attach?

Which of the following terms describes the anterior fontanel found in the adult skull?

An average shaped skull with a 47 degree angle between the petrous pyramids and the midsaggital plane is termed:

Which term describes the small flap of cartilage covering the opening to the ear?

What is the difference, in degrees, between the infraorbitalmeatal and the orbitomeatal lines?

Which one of the following factors is most critical for demonstrating air/fluid levels within the cranium?

Medium kVp

Short exposure time

Small focal spot

Horizontal beam

A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the cranium reveals that the dorsum sellae is projected below the foramen magnum. Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

Excessive CR angulation

Insufficient CR angulation

A radiograph of a PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one third of the orbits. The tech performed this projection with the CR angled 15 degrees caudal to the OML. How must positioning be altered during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic projection?

Nothing; positioning was correct

A radiograph of a SMV projection of the cranium reveals that the mandibular condyles are projected into the petrous pyramids. What must be altered during the repeat exposure to produce a more desirable radiograph?

Increase extension of the neck

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital plates are not superimposed, one is slightly superior to the other. Which one of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

Rotation

Excessive flexion

Tilt

A radiograph of a lateral cranium reveals that the mentum was cut off from the bottom of the radiograph. A 10x12 cassette was used and it was placed crosswise with the CR at 2" above the EAM. What must be altered durin? the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic image of the cranium?

Nothing; centering and film placement were ccorrect

A pt comes to the department for a routine study of the cranium. He is unable to flex his neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the cassette for the AP axial projection. What should the tech do to compensate for this problem without creating excessive magnification of the occipital bone?

Use the IOML and increase the CR angulation by 7 degrees

A pt enters the ER with a possible basilar skull fracture. Which one of the following skull projections would best demonstrate any air/fluid levels present in the sphenoid sinus of the sphenoid bone?

AP with 15 degree cephalic angle

Haas method

Tabletop SMV

Horizontal beam lateral

A pt comes to radiology with a history of a possible erosion of he foramen rotundum. Which one of the following projections would best demonstrate this structure?

PA axial with 30 degrees caudal angle to OML

Which modality has made many diagnostic radiographic skull examinations obsolete?

T/F. The has method for the cranium requires a CR angle of 30 or 37 degrees caudad.

T/F. The SMV projection requires that the IOML is placed parallel to the IR.

A pt comes to the hospital with a history of possible pituitary adenoma. Because this is a rural hospital with no CT or MRI available, which radiographic projection or position would best demonstrate signs of erosion of the sella turcica due to the tumor?

PA Caldwell

Lateral

SMV

Which specific positioning error is present if the mandibular rami are not superimposed on a lateral skull radiograph?

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium?

Which of the following is perpendicular to the image receptor plane for a Caldwell projection of the skull?

Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranial base?