Which of the following is the first step in the decision making process quizlet?

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Terms in this set (40)

A

The first step in making decisions that are ethically responsible is to:
a. determine the facts.
b. consider the available alternatives.
c. monitor and learn from the outcomes.
d. identify and consider the impact of the decision on stakeholders.

C

Which of the following is the second step of the ethical decision-making process?
a. Considering available alternatives
b. Making the decision
c. Identifying the ethical issues involved
d. Considering the impact of the on stakeholders

A

Kathy, your best friend and class mate, asks you to help her with a challenging ethical predicament. Which of the following would be your first step in the decision making process?
a. Identifying the ethical issue
b. Considering the available alternatives
c. Determining the facts of the situation
d. Making the decision

C

When does issue identification become the first step in the ethical decision-making process?
a. When you are not accountable for the decision
b. When you are solely responsible for a decision
c. When you are presented with an issue from the start
d. Under all circumstances

D

In the ethical decision-making process, identify the steps that might arise in reverse order, depending on the circumstances.
a. Identifying the ethical issues; considering the impact of the decision on stakeholders
b. Determining the facts; identifying the impact of the decision on stakeholders
c. Identifying the impact of the decision on stakeholders; considering the available alternatives
d. Determining the facts; identifying the ethical issues

B

Which of the following terms refers to shortsightedness about values?
a. Inattentional blindness
b. Normative myopia
c. Change blindness
d. Descriptive ignorance

B

The inability to recognize ethical issues is known as _____.
a. inattentional blindness
b. normative myopia
c. change blindness
d. descriptive ignorance

B

Which of the following is true of normative myopia?
a. It occurs when decision makers fail to notice gradual changes over time.
b. It refers to the shortsightedness about values.
c. It occurs only in business.
d. It results from only from focusing failures.

D

Which of the following statements reflects the concept of normative myopia?
a. "I was so involved in our debate that I missed the red light."
b. "I never expected Draco to steal from me; he has been my friend for so long."
c. "Brad met with an accident because he was drunk while driving. I hope he has learnt his lesson."
d. "I may have exaggerated the features of the product to get this sale. You knew how important this deal was for me."

A

If we are told specifically to pay attention to a particular element of a decision or event, we are likely to miss all of the surrounding details, no matter how obvious. According to Bazerman and Chugh, this phenomenon is known as _____.
a. inattentional blindness
b. descriptive ignorance
c. change blindness
d. normative myopia

C

. Focusing failures result in moments where we ask ourselves, "How could I have missed that?" According to Bazerman and Chugh, this phenomenon is known as:
a. change blindness.
b. descriptive ignorance.
c. inattentional blindness.
d. normative myopia.

D

According to Bazerman and Chugh, inattentional blindness results from _____.
a. ignorance
b. passivity
c. thoughtlessness
d. focusing failures

D

Which of the following is true of inattentional blindness?
a. It occurs when decision makers fail to notice gradual changes over time.
b. It refers to the shortsightedness about values.
c. It distinguishes good people who make ethically responsible decisions from good people who do not.
d. It results from focusing failures.

B

Speaking on a cell phone while driving, and as a result, missing a highway turn-off by mistake is an example of _____.
a. normative myopia
b. inattentional blindness
c. descriptive ignorance
d. change blindness

C

The Arthur Andersen auditors did not notice how low Enron had fallen in terms of its unethical decisions over a period of time. According to Bazerman and Chugh, this omission is an example of _____.
a. inattentional blindness
b. descriptive ignorance
c. change blindness
d. normative myopia

A

Which of the following is true of change blindness?
a. It occurs when decision makers fail to notice gradual variations over time.
b. It refers to the shortsightedness about values.
c. It distinguishes good people who make ethically responsible decisions from good people who do not.
d. It results from focusing failures.

C

Which omission occurs when decision makers fail to notice gradual variations over time?
a. Inattentional blindness
b. Incremental blindness
c. Change blindness
d. Normative myopia

D

In the ethical decision-making process, once one examines the facts and identifies the ethical issues involved, one should next _____.
a. make the decision
b. consider the available alternatives
c. monitor and learn from the outcomes
d. identify the stakeholders

A

"_____" include all of the groups and/or individuals affected by a decision, policy, or operation of a firm or individual.
a. Stakeholders
b. Shareholders
c. Employees
d. Owners

D

Jim resides in the vicinity of a steel manufacturing firm. Any changes in the pollution control or waste treatment policy of the firm indirectly affects Jim. In this sense, Jim is a(n) _____.
a. shareholder
b. employee of the firm
c. observer
d. stakeholder

B

In an ethical decision-making process, moral imagination helps individuals make ethically responsible decisions. Identify the step in which moral imagination is critical.
a. Determining the facts
b. Considering the available alternatives
c. Identifying the ethical issues
d. Identifying and consider impact of decision on stakeholders

B

In the ethical decision-making process, once we have examined the facts, identified the ethical issues involved, and identified the stakeholders, we need to next _____.
a. make the decision
b. consider the available alternatives
c. consider how a decision affects stakeholders
d. identify stakeholders

A

. In the ethical decision-making process, creativity in identifying options is also known as _____.
a. moral imagination
b. descriptive imagination
c. intentional deliberation
d. normative imagination

D

_____ is one element that distinguishes good people who make ethically responsible decisions from good people who do not.
a. Normative myopia
b. Inattentional blindness
c. Change blindness
d. Moral imagination

C

Which of the following is true of moral imagination?
a. It occurs when decision makers fail to notice gradual variations over time.
b. It refers to the shortsightedness about values.
c. It distinguishes good people who make ethically responsible decisions from good people who do not.
d. It results from focusing failures.

D

Which of the following elements distinguish good people who make ethically responsible decisions from good people who do not?
a. Normative imagination
b. Moral obligation
c. Ethical goal orientation
d. Moral imagination

C

Which of the following elements is important not only to consider the obvious options with regard to a particular dilemma, but also the much more subtle ones that might not be evident at first blush?
a. Intentional deliberation
b. Descriptive imagination
c. Moral imagination
d. Normative imagination

A

In the ethical decision-making process, identify the step that involves predicting the likely, foreseeable, and the possible consequences to all the relevant stakeholders.
a. Comparing and weighing the alternatives
b. Making the decision
c. Identifying the ethical issues
d. Monitoring and learning from the outcomes

D

. "A critical element of this step in the ethical decision-making process will be the consideration of ways to mitigate, minimize, or compensate for any possible harmful consequences or to increase and promote beneficial consequences." Which step is this?
a. Monitoring the outcomes
b. Considering available alternatives
c. Identifying the ethical issues
d. Comparing and weighing alternatives

C

Consequences, justifications, principles, rights, or duties are all methods to:
a. identify the stakeholders that may be impacted by the decisions.
b. find out about the various available alternatives.
c. compare and weigh alternatives.
d. identify the ethical issues involved

C

Which step in the ethical decision-making process occurs once you have considered how a decision affects stakeholders by comparing and weighing the alternatives?
a. Identifying the ethical issues involved
b. Monitoring and learning from outcomes
c. Making a decision
d. Identifying key stakeholders

B

Which of the following is the final step in the ethical decision-making process?
a. Identifying the ethical issues involved
b. Monitoring and learning from outcomes
c. Considering how a decision affects stakeholders
d. Identifying key stakeholders

C

When faced with a situation that suggests two clear alternative resolutions, we often consider only those two clear paths, missing the fact that other alternatives might be possible. Considering limited alternatives is a stumbling block to responsible action that can be categorized as a(n) _____.
a. personality barrier
b. perceptual barrier
c. cognitive barrier
d. individuality barrier

C

Which of the following is a cognitive barrier to responsible, ethical decision-making?
a. Choosing the alternative that meets maximum decision criteria
b. Considering unlimited alternatives
c. Following simplified decision rules
d. Selecting only the best option

D

Which of the following cognitive barriers, when used, might appear to relieve us of accountability for the decision, even if it may not be the best possible decision?
a. Moral imagination
b. Considering unlimited alternatives
c. Satisfying the maximum decision criteria
d. Using a simple decision rule

D

Which of the following explains the term "satisficing?"
a. Striving to select only the best alternative
b. Following simplified decision rules
c. Selecting the alternative simply because it is the easy way out
d. Selecting the alternative that meets minimum decision criteria

B

Identify the barrier where individuals or groups select the option that meets the minimumdecision criteria, the one that people can live with, even if it might not be the best.
a. Considering simplified decision rules
b. Satisficing
c. Optimizing
d. Selecting easy decisions

B

According to Socrates, which of the following aspects leads to an unexamined life not worth living?
a. Bounded ethicality
b. Passivity
c. Cultural myopia
d. Satisficing

D

Which of the following is an example of an institutional role?
a. Friend
b. Citizen
c. Neighbor
d. Teacher

C

Which of the following is an example of a social role?
a. Student-body president
b. Manager
c. Neighbor
d. Accountant

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What is the 1st step in the decision

Step 1: Identify the decision. You realize that you need to make a decision. ... .
Step 2: Gather relevant information. ... .
Step 3: Identify the alternatives. ... .
Step 4: Weigh the evidence. ... .
Step 5: Choose among alternatives. ... .
Step 6: Take action. ... .
Step 7: Review your decision & its consequences..

Which of the following is the first step in the decision

1. Identify the decision. The first step in making the right decision is recognizing the problem or opportunity and deciding to address it.

Which of the following is a step in decision

Weigh the evidence. Choose among the alternatives. Take action. Review your decision.

What is the decision

Define your needs and wants, analyze your resources, Identify your choices, gather information, evaluate your choice, make a decision, and plan how to reach your goal. The decision-making process is a series of steps that can help you identify and evaluate possibilities to make a good decision.