Which of the following are ways that video game consoles exemplify convergence select all that apply?

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18030s – birth of the mass media system as we know it today

1945 – supreme court justice hugo black claims that a free press is a condition of a free society

1950s – television displaces radio

1967 – Richard dawkins introduces the term “meme”

1982 – 60% of journalists say they had complete freedom to choose their stories, as opposed to 34% 25

years later after explosion of concentration and conglomeration

1966 – DVD introduced

2004 – facebook debuts

2012 – facebook buys Instagram

2014 – apple buys beats music; youtube buys twitch

2015 – actavision buys game company king digital entertainment; at&t buys directTV

2016 – pepe the frog becomes a hate symbol due to meme portrayals news deserts proliferate

2017– the eclipse megamovie project

2018 – state of new jersey funds local journalism; Sirius XM buys pandora

Although Americans spend over $11 billion a year at the movies, they continue to buy fewer

tickets per person every year than they did in the past (Edelstein, 2018). Only 13% of Americans go to

the movies once a month or more (“How Frequently,” 2018).Page 33

From 2016 to 2018 sales of physical music albums (CDs and vinyl) fell 9%; digital album sales fell

8%; and individual digital soundtracks also dipped 8% (Richter, 2018b).

Fifteen years ago, the four major broadcast networks commanded 61% of all television viewing.

Today their share hovers around 30%. The top-rated program in 1980 was Dallas, viewed in more

than 34% of all homes with a television. In 1990 it was Cheers, watched by 21% of all TV homes.

Today a top-rated show, such as America’s Got Talent, will draw about 7%.

From 2016 to 2017, spending on DVDs and Blu-ray discs fell 14%, rentals from kiosks fell 7%, and

rentals from brick-and-mortar stores fell 20% (Richter, 2018a).

Daily circulation for American print newspapers fell 11% from 2016 to 2017, and advertising

revenue dropped 10% (Barthel, 2018).

The U.S. magazine industry saw a 5% drop in circulation from 2016 to 2017 (Stuart-Turner, 2018).

The number of radio listeners grew only 1% from 2016 to 2017; time spent listening to radio

declined 1% in that time (Pollack, 2018).

Media multitasking – simultaneously consuming many different kinds of media

Electronic sell-through (EST) – buying of digital download movies

Platform agnostic – having no preference where media content is accessed

Convergence – the erosion of traditional distinctions among media