Show Key facts
Most violence against children involves at least one of six main types of interpersonal violence that tend to occur at different stages in a child’s development.
When directed against girls or boys because of their biological sex or gender identity, any of these types of violence can also constitute gender-based violence. Impact of violenceViolence against children has lifelong impacts on health and well-being of children, families, communities, and nations. Violence against children can:
Risk factorsViolence against children is a multifaceted problem with causes at the individual, close relationship, community and societal levels. Important risk factors are: Individual level:
Close-relationship level:
Community level:
Society level:
Prevention and responseViolence against children can be prevented. Preventing and responding to violence against children requires that efforts systematically address risk and protective factors at all four interrelated levels of risk (individual, relationship, community, society). Under the leadership of WHO, a group of 10 international agencies have developed and endorsed an evidence-based technical package called INSPIRE: Seven strategies for ending violence against children. The package aims to help countries and communities achieve SDG Target 16.2 on ending violence against children. Each letter of the word INSPIRE stands for one of the strategies, and most have been shown to have preventive effects across several different types of violence, as well as benefits in areas such as mental health, education and crime reduction.
The seven strategies are:
WHO responseA May 2016 World Health Assembly resolution endorsed the first ever WHO Global plan of action on strengthening the role of the health system within a national multisectoral response to address interpersonal violence, in particular against women and girls, and against children. According to this plan, WHO in collaboration with Member States and other partners, is committed to:
References(1) Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: a systematic review and minimum estimates. Hillis S, Mercy J, Amobi A, Kress H. Pediatrics 2016; 137(3): e20154079. How is the baby born after marriage?The ovary is connected to her uterus through the fallopian tube. The egg stays within this tube where it can meet the sperm of her husband after sexual intercourse. But the egg stays here just for twelve to twenty-two hours. It gets fertilized, an embryo results that grows into a fetus inside the uterus or womb.
What is childbearing and childrearing?CHILDBEARING, WHICH INCLUDES PREGNANCY, birth, and the. early nursing period, and child rearing—that is, the bringing up and taking care of children—are often differently perceived in our society, and by women themselves.
How does a baby get born?During childbirth, the muscles at the top of your uterus contract and push your baby towards your cervix. If your baby is facing head-down, the head will press on your cervix. This, along with the release of the hormone oxytocin (see 'How hormones help you give birth', below), brings on contractions.
Can as as give birth?Theoretically, the chances of AS/AS parents giving birth to a child with SCD is one in four children ( AA, AS, AS and SS), but the reality is different. I have seen a family of five with no SCD sufferer, a family of three with two and a family of four with two sufferers.
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