When you answer the question who are you you will probably describe your quizlet?

gender expression,
how one's personality, looks, or behaviors indicate gender to others

cisgender,
identifying with the same gender as one's biological sex

gender identity,
the identity of male, female, or nonbinary that we relate to psychologically

transgender,
identifying with a different gender than one's biological sex

sex,
biological traits we are born with that make us male, female, or intersex

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Life Data: real-life facts that may hold psychological significance
- Ex: criminal background, how many years of schooling/degree, income level, number of hospitalizations, employment status, etc.
- Shouldn't be judgments, should be pretty accurate, not opinion based
- Be careful; just because it was accurate, does it actually tell you something psychological?
- Advantages: Objective/verifiable, Intrinsic importance & psychological relevance
- Disadvantages: :Multi-determination
- Think of the dorm room example, clean vs. messy room and relationships to personality; the clean room's mom could come to campus once a week to clean up, the messy room could just be having a bad week, etc
- Think social media; what does your social media profile say about you?

Q: I ask you to give to me all of your grocery receipts for 1 month, and I record how much money you spend on groceries. What kind of data does that represent?

Information Report Data: judgements by knowledgeable informants
- Advantages: Large amt of info, Real-world basis, Common sense, True by definition, Causal force
- Disadvantages: Limited amt of info, Lack of access, Error, Bias
- Think: We are different in different environments; if you are a nanny, your boss can talk about how you are as a nanny, but not how you act at a party accurately
- Think: you will probably get a more accurate answer on how funny someone is, by a friend than the individual themselves

Q: I ask your parents or guardians what kind of food you ate as a child. What kind of data does that represent?

Self-Report Data: - the information a person choices to reveal to you, Ex: Interviews, questionnaires, personal reports
- Advantages: Best expert, Access to thoughts, True by definition, Causal force, Simple and easy
- Disadvantages: can't tell vs. won't tell
- Think: Narcissist may over exaggerate the truth of their own behaviors
- Think: Fish in water; if you ask a fish how wet they are, they won't give an accurate answer because they are always in water

Q: I ask you to complete my "Healthy Foods, Healthy People" survey, with a measure of conscientiousness. What kind of data would that represent?

- Non-causal/correlational language: get, have, linked, more-more/ less-less, tied, connected/related, tend.
-> less direct

- Causal language: increase/decrease, benefits, impacts, enhances/undermines, effect/affect, improves/boosts, if>then type statements (implies one direction)
-> more direct

Like all other individuals (universality).
- Basic needs: food, water, sleep, sex, etc.

Like some other individuals (categories, groups).
- Dominance, conscientiousness, extroversion, etc.

Like no other individual.
- Each person's genetic makeup, past experiences, and view of the world are different from those of anyone who ever lived or ever will (Allport, 1937).

Which is more important for determining what people do, the person or the situation?
- Mischel (1968) Personality and Assessment - the situationist side
- Mischel was firmly on the situation side, said personality was not as important as the situation, said traits did not predict behavior

The fundamental question: Does the personality of an individual transcend the immediate situation and provide a consistent guide to his or her actions, or is what a person does utterly dependent on the situation, at that moment in time?
- If it is situational, then there is no use in making guessing in behavior if you cannot base it off any kind of patterns

1. Personality traits predict behavior, but over the long-term
Your level of extraversion is:
- A good predictor of the total number of times you will go to parties over the semester
- A weak predictor of whether you will go to a party this Friday night
2. Personality traits are stable over stable periods of time
- The degree to which a person is shy, organized, creative, friendly, etc. tends to be consistent from week to week, year to year, and even across the lifespan
3. Broad traits predict broad behaviors, narrow traits predict narrow behaviors
- Conscientiousness: academic performance
- Punctuality: showing up to class on time
- Make sure the traits you are looking at make sense to what you are trying to study

When you answer the question who are you you will probably describe your?

When you ask your friends to tell you their favorite number they tell you the number of the house where they grew up demonstrating?

Which personality measure presents a person with an ambiguous scene and asks the person to tell a story about the scene?

Which component of the mind did Freud describe as the most basic serving as the source of our bodily needs/wants and desires?