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Chapter 17: The Toddler 1. Which behavior reported by a parent of an 18-month-old toddler would the nurse report to the pediatrician as a cause for concern? -Walks by holding onto furniture 2. What would the nurse assessing growth and development of a 2-year-old child expect to find? -The child jumps with both feet 3. A parent remarks, My 18-month-old daughter carries her blanket around everywhere. Is this normal? What is the best explanation a nurse who has an understanding of toddler development might give? -Carrying her favorite blanket is self-consoling behavior. 4. The nurse observed three toddlers playing side by side with dolls. Closer observation revealed that the children were not interacting with one another. What type of play is this? -Parallel 5. What instruction would the nurse include when planning anticipatory guidance for parents of a toddler? -Limit-setting should include praise. 6. What is the best advice the nurse can offer a parent concerned because her 2-year-old is very active and does not eat much? -Help the child wind down with a quiet activity before mealtime 7. How would the nurse advise a parent who states, I never know how much food to feed my child? -Use 1 tablespoon of each food for each year of age as a guideline 8. The nurse is discussing toilet training with parents. What behavior by the child would identify toilet training readiness? -Able to communicate that he or she is wet 9. What is the most appropriate toy for the nurse to select for a normal 2-year-old child? -Dump truck 10. What would the nurse recommend to a child's mother to encourage a toddler to practice independence? -Offer him a choice between two items 11. On a home visit, the nurse notes that the parents require teaching intervention to protect the 15-month-old child who lives there. What observation would lead the nurse to this conclusion? -The dining room table has a tablecloth on it 12. What does the nurse consider as an appropriate snack for a 2-year-old child? -Applesauce 13. Which finding would concern the nurse assessing vital signs on a 2-year-old? -Respirations of 36 breaths/min 14. What would be an expected finding when assessing language development in a 2-year-old? -Use of two-word sentences 15. The nurse is planning to explain the use of time-outs to the parent of a 3-year-old. How many minutes will the nurse indicate is appropriate for a child of this age? -3 16. The parent of a toddler tells the nurse, My daughters appetite has decreased. Thank Note: This guideline is currently under review
IntroductionAssessment is a key component of nursing practice, required for planning and provision of patient and family centred care. The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) in the national competency standard for registered nurses states that nurses, “Conducts a comprehensive and systematic nursing assessment, plans nursing care in consultation with individuals/ groups, significant others & the interdisciplinary health care team and responds effectively to unexpected or rapidly changing situations. AimThe aim of this guideline is to ensure all RCH patients receive consistent and timely nursing assessments.
Definition of TermsAdmission assessment: Comprehensive nursing assessment including patient history, general appearance, physical examination and vital signs. Shift Assessment: Concise nursing assessment completed at the commencement of each shift or if patient condition changes at any other time. Focused assessment: Detailed nursing assessment of
specific body system(s) relating to the presenting problem or current concern(s) of the patient. This may involve one or more body system. Approach to physical assessment
Admission AssessmentAn admission assessment should be completed by the nurse with a parent or care giver, ideally upon arrival to the ward or preadmission, but must be completed within 24hours of admission. Admission assessment is in the admissions tab of the ADT navigator with additional
information being entered into the patient’s progress notes. Privacy of the patient needs to be considered all times. Patient historyNursing staff should discuss the history of current illness/injury (i.e. reason for current admission), relevant past history, allergies and reactions, medications, immunisation status, implants and family and social history. Recent overseas travel should be discussed and documented. General AppearanceAssessment of the patients’ overall physical, emotional and behavioral state. This should occur on admission and then continue to be observed throughout the patients stay in hospital.
Vital signsBaseline observations are recorded as part of an admission assessment and documented on the patient’s observation flowsheet. Ongoing assessment of vital signs are completed as indicated for your patient. It is mandatory to review the ViCTOR graph at least every 2 hours or as patient
condition dictates to observe trending of vital signs and to support your clinical decision making process.
Additional Measurements
Physical assessment:A structured physical examination allows the nurse to obtain a complete assessment of the patient. Observation/inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation are techniques used to gather information. Clinical judgment should be used to decide on the extent of assessment required. Assessment
information includes, but is not limited to: Primary assessment (Airway, Breathing, Circulation and Disability) and Focussed systems assessment. Information regarding each assessment criteria is specified comprehensively in the “Shift assessment” section below. Shift AssessmentAt the commencement of every shift an assessment is completed on every patient and this
information is used to develop a plan of care. Initial shift assessment is documented on the patient care plan and further assessments or changes to be documented in the progress notes. Clinical judgment should be used to decide on the extent of assessment required.
Focused AssessmentA detailed nursing assessment of specific body system(s) relating to the presenting problem or other current concern(s) required. This may involve one or more body system. Nursing staff should utilise their clinical judgement to determine which elements of a focussed assessment are pertinent for their patient. Neurological SystemA comprehensive neurological nursing assessment includes neurological observations, growth and development including fine and gross motor skills, sensory function, seizures and any other concerns. Neurological observations
Seizures
Growth & development
Fine & gross motor skills
Sensory functions
Respiratory System:Respiratory illness in children is common and many other conditions may also cause respiratory distress. Assessment of severity of respiratory conditions Respiratory assessment includes: History
Inspection/Observation
Auscultation
Palpation
CardiovascularAssessment of the cardiovascular system evaluates the adequacy of cardiac output and includes. Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
GastrointestinalAssessment will include inspection, auscultation and light palpation of the abdomen to identify visible abnormalities; bowel sounds and softness/tenderness. Ensure stomach is not full at time of assessment as this may induce vomiting. History
Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
RenalAn assessment of the renal system includes all aspects of urinary elimination
MusculoskeletalA musculoskeletal assessment can be commenced while observing the infant/child in bed or as they
move about their room. Be aware that during periods of rapid growth, children complain of normal muscle aches. Throughout this assessment limbs/joints should be compared bilaterally. Inspection
Palpation
Neurovascular observations
SkinSkin assessment can identify cutaneous problems as well as systemic diseases. Inspection/Observation
Palpate:
EyeInspection of the eye should always be performed carefully and only with a compliant child. Inspection/Observation
Ear/Nose/Throat (ENT)Assessment of ear, nose, throat and mouth is essential as upper respiratory infections, allergies; oral or facial trauma, dental caries and pharyngitis are common in children. This includes a thorough examination of the oral cavity.The examination of the throat and mouth is completed last in younger, less cooperative children. Inspection
Palpation
Evaluation of assessmentIn the evaluation phase of assessment, ensure the information collected is complete, accurate and documented appropriately. The nurse must draw on critical thinking and problem solving skills to make clinical decisions and plan care for the patient being assessed. If any abnormal findings are identified, the nurse must ensure that appropriate action is taken. This may include communicating the findings to the medical team, relevant allied health team and the ANUM in charge of the shift. Patients should be continuously assessed for changes in condition while under RCH care and assessments are documented regularly. Links
Evidence TableComplete evidence table document here. References:
Please remember to read the disclaimer. The development of this nursing guideline was coordinated by Mercy Thomas, Graduate Nurse Educator, Nursing Education, and approved by the Nursing Clinical Effectiveness Committee. Updated November 2017. Which characterizes the development of a 2The development of a 2-year-old child is characterized by: engaging in parallel play.
Which behavior reported by a parent of an 18 month old toddler would the nurse report to the pediatrician?Which behavior reported by a parent of an 18-month-old toddler would the nurse report to the pediatrician as a cause for concern? By 18 months, a toddler should have been walking alone for several months. The toddler who walks holding onto furniture should be evaluated by a developmental specialist.
What instruction would the nurse include when planning anticipatory guidance for parents of a toddler quizlet?What instruction would the nurse include when planning anticipatory guidance for parents of a toddler? Limit-setting should include praise. What is the best advice the nurse can offer a parent concerned because her 2-year-old is very active and does not eat much?
What behavior by the child would identify toilet training readiness?Your child is ready for toilet training if he or she has developed adequate bladder and bowel control. A dry diaper after naps and two hour periods is an indication of bladder and bowel control.
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