The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words.

Eldrish Jurado, 4-821-

Key Terms

1) Denotative meaning

The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.

2) Connotative meaning

The meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase.

3) Thesaurus

A book of synonyms.

4) Concrete words

Words that refer to tangible objects.

5) Abstract words

Words that refer to ideas or concepts.

6) Clutter

Discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea.

7) Imagery

The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas.

8) Simile

An explicit comparison, introduced with the word <like= or <as,= between things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

9) Cliché

A trite or overused expression.

10)Metaphor

An implicit comparison, not introduced with the word <like= or <as,= between two things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

11)Rhythm

The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words.

12)Parallelism

The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences.

13)Repetition

Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences.

14)Alliteration

Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words.

15)Antithesis

The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.

16)Inclusive language

Language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors.

4. What are three things you should do to use language clearly

in your speeches?

USE FAMILIAR WORDS

One of the biggest barriers to clear speech is using big, bloated words where short, sharp ones will do the job better. This is especially true when it comes to technical language that may be familiar to the speaker but not to the audience. CHOOSE CONCRETE WORDS Concrete words refer to tangible objects 4 people, places, and things. They differ from abstract words, which refer to general concepts, qualities, or attributes. <Carrot,= <pencil,= <nose,= and <door= are concrete words. <Humility,= <science,= <progress,= and <philosophy= are abstract words.

ELIMINATE CLUTTER

Cluttered speech has become a national epidemic. Whatever happened to such simple words as <before,= <if,= and <now=? When last seen they were being routed by their cluttered counterparts: <prior to,= <in the eventuality of,= and <at this point in time.= By the same token, why can’t politicians say <We have a crisis,= instead of saying <We are facing a difficult crisis situation that will be troublesome to successfully resolve=?

5. What are two ways to bring your speeches to life with vivid,

animated language?

IMAGERY

Speakers can use imagery in much the same way to make their ideas come alive. Three ways to generate imagery are by using concrete words, simile, and metaphor.

Concrete Words choosing concrete words over abstract words is one way to enhance the clarity of your speeches. Concrete words are also the key to effective imagery.

Simile is an explicit comparison between things that are essentially different yet have something in common. It always contains the word <like= or <as.=

Metaphor is an implicit comparison between things that are essentially different yet have something in common. Unlike simile, metaphor does not contain the word <like= or <as.=

RHYTHM

Language has a rhythm created by the choice and arrangement of words. Speakers, like poets, sometimes seek to exploit the rhythm of language to enhance the impact of their words. A speech, however, is not a poem. You should never emphasize sound and rhythm at the expense of meaning. you can easily begin now to use four basic stylistic devices:

Parallelism the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences.

Repetition usually results in parallelism. In addition to building a strong cadence, it unifies a sequence of ideas, emphasizes an idea by stating it more than once, and helps create a strong emotional effect.

Alliteration catches the attention of listeners and can make ideas easier to remember. Used sparingly, it is a marvelous way to spruce up your speeches.

Antithesis the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.

6. What does it mean to say you should use language

appropriately in your speeches?

In addition to being accurate, clear, and vivid, language should be appropriate to the occasion, to the audience, to the topic, and to the speaker. Language that is appropriate for some occasions may not be appropriate for others. Appropriateness also depends on the audience. If you keep this in mind, it will help you greatly when dealing with technical topics. You should be especially careful to avoid language that might offend your audience. Off-color humor or profanity might be appropriate in a comedy routine, but most listeners would find it offensive in a formal public speech. Language should also be appropriate to the topic. You would not use metaphor, antithesis, and alliteration when explaining how to change a bicycle tire. But you might use all three in a speech honoring U. soldier who have died in defense of their country. And No matter what the occasion, audience, or topic, language

What is known as the pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words?

Is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words phrases or sentences?

What is the name for the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase?

What is the repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words quizlet?