The concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately is

Q: What term is used to describe responding to another persons feelings with and emotion that echoes the others feelings?

Empathy, after all, means seeing something from anothers perspective—understanding how and why a person thinks and feels a certain way.

Q: What term is defined as the sense of being male or female multiple choice question?

Gender Identity. Defined as the sense of being male or female -Involves a sense of ones own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female.

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CHAPTER 14 - MORAL DEVELOPMENT
What term is used to describe responding to another person's feelings with and emotion that echoes the other's feelings?
Which theorist suggested that children internalize their parents standards of right and wrong in order to reduce anxiety and avoid punishment?
What does a child get from peers?
What term is defined as the sense of being male or female multiple choice question?

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CHAPTER 14 - MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Question	Answer
moral development	changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong.
heteronomous morality	the first stage of moral development in Piaget’s theory, occurring at 4 to 7 years of age. Justice and rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people.
autonomous morality	the second stage of moral development in Piaget’s theory, displayed by older children (about 10 years of age and older). The child becomes aware that rules and laws are created by people and that, in judging an action, one should consider the actor’s inte
immanent justice	Piaget’s concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately.
preconventional reasoning	the lowest level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. The individual’s moral reasoning is controlled primarily by external rewards and punishment.
individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange	the second Kohlberg stage of moral development. At this stage, individuals pursue their own interests but also let others do the same.
conventional reasoning	the second, or intermediate, level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. At this level, individuals abide by certain standards but they are the standards of others such as parents or the laws of society.
mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity	Kohlberg’s third stage of moral development. At this stage, individuals value trust, caring, and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgment.
social systems morality	the fourth stage in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. Moral judgments are based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty.
postconventional reasoning	the highest level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. At this level, morality is completely internalized and not based on others’ standards.
social contract or utility and individual rights	the fifth Kohlberg stage. At this stage, individuals reason that values, rights, and principles undergird or transcend the law.
universal ethical principles	the sixth and highest stage in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. Individuals develop a moral standard based on universal human rights.
justice perspective	a moral perspective that focuses on the rights of the individual; individuals independently make moral decisions.
care perspective	the moral perspective of Carol Gilligan that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communications, relationships with others, and concern for others.
social conventional reasoning	thoughts about social consensus and convention, as opposed to moral reasoning that stresses ethical issues.
social cognitive theory of morality	the theory that distinguishes between moral competence – the ability to produce moral behaviors – and moral performance – those behaviors in specific situations.
ego ideal	the component of the superego that rewards the child by conveying a sense of pride and personal value when the child acts according to ideal standards approved by the parents.
conscience	the component of the superego that punishes the child for behaviors disapproved of by parents by making the child feel guilty and worthless.
empathy	reacting to another’s feelings with an emotional response that is similar to the other’s feelings.
moral identity	the aspect of personality that is present when individuals have moral notions and commitments that are central to their lives.
moral exemplars	people who have lived exemplary lives. They have a moral personality, identity, character, and set of virtues that reflect moral excellence and commitment.
love withdrawal	a discipline technique in which a parent withholds attention or love from the child.
power assertion	a discipline technique in which a parent attempts to gain control over the child or the child’s resources.
induction	a discipline technique in which a parent uses reason and explanation of the consequences for others of the child’s actions.
hidden curriculum	the pervasive moral atmosphere that characterizes schools.
character education	a direct moral education approach that involves teaching students a basic moral literacy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior or doing harm to themselves or others.
cognitive moral education	education based on the belief that students should learn to value things like democracy and justice as their moral reasoning develops; Kohlberg’s theory has been the basis for many of the cognitive moral education approaches.
values clarification	helping people clarify what their lives are for and what is worth working for. Students are encouraged to define their own values and understand others’ values.
service learning	a form of education that promotes social responsibility service to the community.
altruism	an unselfish interest in helping another person
conduct disorder	age inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, society’s norms, and the personal property rights of others.
juvenile delinquency	refers to a great variety of behaviors, ranging form unacceptable behavior to status offenses to criminal acts.
index offenses	criminal acts, whether they are committed by juveniles or adults. They include such acts as robbery, aggravated assault, rape, and homicide.
status offenses	less serious acts (than index offenses). Status offenses include truancy, underage drinking, sexual promiscuity, and uncontrollability. They are performed by youth under a specific age, which make them juvenile offenses.

What term is used to describe responding to another person's feelings with and emotion that echoes the other's feelings?

Empathy, after all, means seeing something from another's perspective—understanding how and why a person thinks and feels a certain way.

Which theorist suggested that children internalize their parents standards of right and wrong in order to reduce anxiety and avoid punishment?

According to Freud, to reduce anxiety, avoid punishment, and maintain parental affection, children identify with parents, internalizing their standards of right and wrong, and thus form the: c. superego.

What does a child get from peers?

Research also indicates that play with peers provides children with important opportunities to discuss feelings, expand thought processes and knowledge, and experiment with language and social roles. Some of children's behavior with their peers is influenced by what they learn from their parents and siblings.

What term is defined as the sense of being male or female multiple choice question?

Gender Identity. Defined as "the sense of being male or female" -Involves a sense of one's own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female.

The concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately is

CHAPTER 14 - MORAL DEVELOPMENT

What term is used to describe responding to another person's feelings with and emotion that echoes the other's feelings?

Which theorist suggested that children internalize their parents standards of right and wrong in order to reduce anxiety and avoid punishment?

What does a child get from peers?

What term is defined as the sense of being male or female multiple choice question?

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