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Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance11th EditionEdward Howley, John Quindry, Scott Powers 593 solutions Schedule I- high abuse potential, no accepted medical use, no prescription written, ex: Heroin, ghb, lsd Schedule II- High abuse potential, accepted medical use, abuse may lead to dependence, most strict with DEA & physicians. ex: opioid, morphine, amphetamines Schedule III- Lower abuse than 1 & 2, accepted medical use, may lead to moderate dependence, handwritten by physician, can be called in by physician only. ex: codeine, anabolic steroids Schedule IV- lower abuse potential that III, accepted medical use, little dependence, signed by physicians. ex: benzodiazepines Schedule V- Antitussive and antidiarrheals that contains small amounts of opioids, like Robitussin. lower abuse potential and very limited physical dependence. "Half-life" determines drug dose interval NOT dose. If a drug's T1/2 is 3 hrs, you give pt this drug @0800, by 1100, 50% of this drug is gone due to metabolism and elimination process. To keep this drug at and above MEC level, you want to give another dose at least @ or before 1100. For a drug with long T1/2 , for instance 48 hrs, you give this drug @0800 Saturday, by 0800 Sunday, still more than 50% of this drug is available in patient's system. If you give this drug more than once a day (e.g., twice or three times a day), it could potentially cause overdose and adverse drug effects. Therefore, If a drug's half-life is >24 hours, it is not appropriate to give this medication more than once a day. When patient is taking two highly protein-bond drugs, two drugs interact with each other by competing protein carriers. The effect of a highly protein-bound drug (A) will be increased when the second highly protein-bound drug (B) is given because drug B competes the protein carriers, force the drug A into unbound form or "free" form. The protein-bound drug is not active and has no drug effect; only "free" form drug (unbound drug) is active and has effect. Scenario 1: Patient was taking drug A that is highly protein-bond, then the doctor prescribed drug B that is also highly protein-bond. Drug B competed and forced Drug A out of the protein carriers. In other words the new comer, drug B, freed drug A. I said in class: only free drug have active effect, protein-bond drug is inactive form. As a result , adding drug B increased drug A overall effect by releasing more protein-bond form of drug A into free form. Clinical implication: adding a second highly protein-bond drug could potentially lead to the risk of adverse effect caused by the highly protein-bond drug that the patient has been taking. Example: Patient is taking Coumadin, now the doctor prescribes Dilantin. Adding Dilantin could increase the risk of bleeding caused by increasingly available Coumadin freed by Dilantin. Scenario 2: Patient was taking two highly protein-bond drugs: drug A and B. Now the doctor decided to discontinue Drug B due to medical necessity. Discontinuation of drug B made the protein carriers available for drug A. Free form of drug A that was working at action site quickly returned to blood stream to bind with those empty protein carriers. As a result, discontinuation of drug B reduced the overall effect of drug A by making more protein carriers available for drug A to be transferred into inactive form: protein-bond form. Clinical implication: Discontinuation of a highly protein-bond drug could potentially decrease the drug effect of another co-administered highly protein-bond drug by increasing its protein-bond form. Example: Patient is taking Coumadin and Dilantin, now the doctor discontinues Dilantin due to medical necessity. Discontinuation of Dilantin could reduce Coumadin's therapeutic effect, leading to the risk of blood clots. What determines the half life of a drug?The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of a drug's active substance in your body to reduce by half. This depends on how the body processes and gets rid of the drug. It can vary from a few hours to a few days, or sometimes weeks.
When is a drug 50% protein bound?Answer: The percentage of drug NOT protein bound is the amount of drug that is free to work as expected. In this case, 50% is unable to be effective, because it is protein-bound.
Which of the following will be determine nursing interventions for a client on medication?Which of the following will determine nursing interventions for a client on medication? Question 20 Explanation: The nursing diagnosis is the conclusion derived from the assessment, and it is the component of the nursing process that drives the interventions.
What are the three types of names for a drug Select 3 of the following?A marketed drug has three names: a chemical name, a generic name, and a brand name.
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Safety of a drug is determined by the degree between which of the following Quizlet
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