Nursing care of patients with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances Quizlet

Recommended textbook solutions

Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing

7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding

2,512 solutions

The Human Body in Health and Disease

7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton

1,505 solutions

Pharmacology and the Nursing Process

7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins

388 solutions

Law and Ethics for Health Professions

9th EditionCarlene Harrison, Karen Judson

836 solutions

Recommended textbook solutions

Pharmacology and the Nursing Process

7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins

388 solutions

The Human Body in Health and Disease

7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton

1,505 solutions

Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing

7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding

2,512 solutions

Law and Ethics for Health Professions

9th EditionCarlene Harrison, Karen Judson

836 solutions

+1 cheeseburger, fast food restaurant// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 710 to 1,690
+5 oz pork with barbecue sauce (packaged)// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 600 to 1,120
+3 oz turkey breast luncheon meat (deli or prepackaged)// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 450 to 1,050
+1 cup canned pasta with meat sauce// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 530 to 980
+1 cup chicken noodle soup, canned prepared// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 100 to 940
+3 oz chicken strips, restaurant, breaded// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 430 to 900
+4 oz slice restaurant pizza, plain cheese, regular crust// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 510 to 760
+4 oz slice frozen pizza, plain cheese, regular crust// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 370 to 730
+1 corn dog, regular// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 350 to 620
+3 oz chicken nuggets, frozen, breaded// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 200 to 570
+1 oz slice American cheese, processed (prepackaged or deli)// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 330 to 460
+4 oz boneless chicken breast, fresh, skinless// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 40 to 330
+1 slice of white bread// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 80 to 230
+1 oz potato chips, plain// Sodium Range (in milligrams): 50 to 200

+Potato, baked, flesh and skin, 1 medium// Potassium (mg): 941
+White beans, canned, ½ cup// Potassium (mg): 595
+Sweet potato, baked in skin, 1 medium// Potassium (mg): 542
+Salmon, Atlantic, wild, cooked, 3 oz// Potassium (mg): 534
+Plain yogurt, low-fat, 8 oz// Potassium (mg): 531
+Tomato juice, canned, 1 cup// Potassium (mg): 527
+Orange juice, fresh, 1 cup// Potassium (mg): 496
+Banana, 1 medium// Potassium (mg): 422

Thirst is usually one of the first symptoms to appear. If you eat salty foods, such as potato chips, the amount of sodium in your body increases, and you become thirsty. Other signs and symptoms of hypernatremia are vague and nonspecific until severe excess is present. Like the patient with a sodium deficit, the patient experiencing sodium excess has mental status changes, such as agitation, confusion, and personality changes. However, this time the cause is too little fluid in the brain tissues. Seizures may also occur.

*At first, muscle twitches and unusual contractions may be present. Later, skeletal muscle weakness occurs that can lead to respiratory failure if it affects the diaphragm. If fluid deficit or fluid excess accompanies the hypernatremic state, the patient also has signs and symptoms associated with these imbalances.

In addition to treating the cause of hypocalcemia, calcium is replaced. For mild or chronic hypocalcemia, oral calcium supplements with or without vitamin D are given. Calcium supplements should be administered 1 to 2 hours after meals to increase intestinal absorption. Be sure to check compatibility when administering calcium with other medications.

*For patients with acute or severe hypocalcemia, IV calcium gluconate or calcium chloride is given. When a patient has had thyroid or parathyroid surgery, there is a danger that parathyroid hormone will be decreased, causing serum calcium to drop. IV calcium must be readily available for emergency use if signs of hypocalcemia occur.

*For patients with hyperphosphatemia, usually those with kidney failure, aluminum hydroxide is used to bind the excess phosphate for elimination via the GI tract. As the phosphate decreases, the serum calcium level begins to normalize.

*Diet therapy is an important part of treatment. Teach the patient, family, or other caregiver which foods are high in calcium. Many foods today are fortified with calcium. Vitamin D foods are also encouraged, especially milk and other dairy products. For patients experiencing difficulty digesting dairy products and those who choose not to use dairy products, special attention must be paid to including other dietary calcium sources in the diet.

+Fortified ready-to-eat cereals (various), ¾ to ¼ cup// Calcium (mg): 137 to 1,000
+Parmesan cheese, hard, 1.5 oz// Calcium (mg): 503
+Plain yogurt, nonfat, 8 oz// Calcium (mg): 452
+Almond milk (all flavors), 1 cup// Calcium (mg): 451
+Toffu, raw, regular, prepared with calcium sulfate, ½ cup// Calcium (mg): 438
+Plain yogurt, low-fat, 8 oz// Calcium (mg): 415
+Soymilk (all flavors), 1 cup// Calcium (mg): 340
+Mustard spinach (tendergreen), raw, 1 cup// Calcium (mg): 315
+Low-fat milk (1%), 1 cup// Calcium (mg): 305
+Mozzarella cheese, part-skim. 1.5 oz// Calcium (mg): 304
+Skim milk (nonfat), 1 cup// Calcium (mg): 299
+Reduced fat milk (2%), 1 cup// Calcium (mg): 293
+Cheddar cheese, 1.5 oz// Calcium (mg): 287
+Whole milk, 1 cup// Calcium (mg): 276

What nursing interventions are needed for a client with the electrolyte imbalances?

What are the nursing responsibilities in giving and electrolyte replacement?

What is fluid and electrolyte balance in nursing?

Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect in a client with a nursing diagnosis of fluid volume excess?