Rational choice voting - voting based on what is perceived to be in the citizen's individual interest., Show retrospective voting - Voting to decide whether the party or candidate in power should be re-elected based on the recent past. prospective voting - voting based on predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future. party-line voting - Supporting a party by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices at the same level of government. Pure Liberal- liberal on both economic and personal conduct issues Students also viewedScheduled maintenance: Thursday, December 22 from 3PM to 4PM PST
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Terms in this set (80)What is a linkage institution? channels that allow individuals to communicate their preferences to policy makers Connects people to the government What are the 4 linkage institutions? 1) Voting What is an interest group? an organization that seeks to achieve goals by influencing government decision making How are interest groups linkage institutions? can advocate certain issues to policymakers What is a political party? An organization that recruits, nominates, and elects party members to office in order to control the government. how are political parties linkage institutions? People of similar beliefs can come together and gain support for candidates/issues. Political parties will also help get information out to citizens to gain support what is the media? various methods for communicating information such as television, radio, news, social media and etc. how is the media a linkage institution? The media is the people's main (most accessible) way of knowing what is going on. what is an election? the process of voting to choose a winner how are elections linkage institutions? By voting we can tell the government what to do what amendments/act expanded voting opportunities to more people? 15th, 17th, 19th, 24th, 26th and the voting rights act of 1965 15th Amendment Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude 17th Amendment Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures) 19th Amendment Women's suffrage; gave women the right to vote 24th Amendment Abolishes poll taxes 26th Amendment Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Worked to eliminate jim crow laws; banned practices such as literacy tests prior to voting. what candidate traits can influence a voters choice? -party identification how does party identification influence a voters choice? Individuals are likely to not vote for someone of an opposing party if the identify with a particular party how does ideological orientation influence a voters choice? Individuals are likely to vote for someone with same ideological ideas; issue based voting how does candidate characteristics influence a voters choice? Individuals may vote for someone based off of candidates characteristics such as charismatics, looks, honesty, personality, ability etc; candidate based voting how do contemporary issues influence a voters choice? Individuals who are impacted by big events/issues are likely to change their stance when voting if needed ex: trump and the wall how do demographic characteristics influence a voters choice? Individuals may just vote for someone because of the candidates demographic characteristics such as if they are black, religious, or a woman. What are the 4 methods people vote? -Rational-choice voting what is rational choice voting? Individuals may vote for someone because they believe it is in their best interest; will positively impact them as an individual What is retrospective voting? Individuals will evaluate the past performance of a candidate; what was their track record? What is prospective voting? Individuals will vote for someone based on what a candidate plans to do, what may come in the future if they vote for that candidate; what did that candidate say they will do? What is party-line voting? Individuals will vote for every candidate of the same party just because they are Republican or Democratic; not issue based What two supreme court case/act impacted campaign finance? -Bipartisan campaign reform act of 2002 What was the impact to the bipartisan campaign reform act? - Eliminated soft money What was the impact of the decision made at the citizens united v FEC SC case? -Soft money is back (with few regulations) What is the related constitutional principle of both the bipartisan campaign reform act and the citizens united v federal election commission? freedom of speech/expression (1st amendment) What is a Super PAC? can raise funds from individuals, corporations, unions, and other groups without any legal limit on donation size (although, cannot go directly to the candidate) Functions and impacts of political parties include what? -Mobilization and education of voters How do political parties mobilize and educate voters? Make sure people become educated, mostly through the media, and get people out to vote/to the polls How do political parties use political platforms? Drawn up by the party that outlines the policies, positions, and principles of the party (can help people see who they want to support, although is not used often) How do political parties recruit candidates? Research people and find the best candidate for the party during that time period (to have the most party support) How do political parties utilizes campaign management? Will do what they can to make their party candidate look good so they have as much voter support as possible what is the impact of political parties on party leadership committees in the legislature? Will throw their support behind a candidate of the same party What are the reasons/ways party's adapt over time? -Critical elections what is a critical election? An election that results in party realignment by the movement of voters from one party to another An election that is marked by a sharp change in the existing patterns of party loyalty among groups of voters what is regional realignment? Major change in the composition of political parties (party coalitions) often brought on by new or pressing issues what is realignment? Start of a new party era as a result of a critical election what is divided government? Legislative and executive branches are controlled by different parties (even if it is just one house of congress); opposite of unified government Components of presidential elections include... -Incumbency advantage phenomenon What is the incumbency advantage phenomenon and how does it impact presidential elections? Using political and presidential sway to get reelected because they are already in office; happens often Ex: Trump saying "Keep America Great" (trump assumed reelection because he was already president)
What are open primaries in presidential elections? Used by ½ the states Ex: mark affiliation on the ballot in april What are closed primaries in presidential elections? Voters declare party affiliation ahead of time (before the actual primary election) Ex: a form is sent out in the mail before the actual closed primary to declare party affiliation What is a caucus in presidential elections? Meeting used for selecting party candidates and party delegates to send to the national convention Those who attend are more likely to be politically dedicated Ex: used in iowa What are party conventions in presidential elections? Parties pick what their policy stances will be; sometimes pick candidates Ex: are we going to support lowering or raising taxes? What are congressional and state elections? Occur every 2 years Election for congress; vote for representatives and senators for your state Also includes local positions like mayor and governor What is the electoral college in presidential elections? Delegates who vote (elect the) for the president and vice president on account of their state Winner-take all for most Need at least 270 electoral votes to win presidency What are the shared roles/influences of political parties and interest groups? -Pick candidates What is the main difference between political parties and interest groups? Political parties: care about broad issues and interests; multiple focused Interest groups: concerned about certain/few specific issues; singular focused Factors that influence the amount of influence interest groups have on public policy include... -Inequality of political and economic resources How can inequality of political and economic resources within an interest group effect how an interest group influences public policy? Some interest groups receive more funding than others (ones with more funs are likely to have more influence over public policy) How can unequal access to decision makers within an interest group effect how an interest group influences public policy? Interest groups have varying levels of access to people with money and
power how can free riders impact how interest groups influence public policy? Things attached to bills that are not completely related just to get the provision through how do interest groups that are single issue groups impact on public policy? Influence only a certain policy how do ideological/social movements impact public policy? Bring more awareness to voters so that they can educate a large number people about their issue and ultimately apply pressure on public policies how do protest movements impact public policy? Protest on social media to influence and put pressure on public policy When this is done politicians will act in favor of their cause, especially with lost of support because they want to retain their support (ex: a politician will not sit there and say they support police brutality) Political Action Committee (PAC) a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns political action committees and their impact in elections all about providing funding to candidates to support them and make them more likely to be elected Super PAC (Political Action Committee) political-action committee that is allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, individuals and associations. Some nonprofit groups are allowed to contribute to super PACs without disclosing where their money came from; The most important difference between a super PAC and traditional candidate PAC is in who can contribute, and in how much they can give. Super PAC impact on elections have a great and growing influence because they can raise unlimited funds to support candidates soft money and its affects on elections money not tracked/regulated by the FEC can greatly help a candidate bc this money is not limited and regulated Ex: watergate hard money Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed. can still support candidates but it is limited issue ads and their affects on elections ads that focus on issues and do not explicitly encourage citizens to vote for a certain candidate (voters will be more concerned with the issues candidates are supporting rather than the actual candidate) What are the main different types of media? -Investigative journalism how does investigative journalism act as a linkage institution? provides factual information about events/people/problems how does election coverage act as a linkage institution? reports things about candidates/people/events in the news how does political commentary act as a linkage institution? provides bias and opinion based discussion how does "horse-race" journalism act as a linkage institution? most likely to be in political commentary and election coverage what types of journalism provide factual accounts of people and events? investigative journalism and election coverage what type of journalism is delivered by guests in a talk show? election coverage and political commentary what type of journalism share opinions of experts of people with political goals? political commentary what type of journalism spends months or years researching and preparing a report? investigative journalism what type of journalism can include horse race journalism? election coverage and political commentary what type of journalism can be time consuming and expensive? election coverage and investigative journalism what things about media impact political participation and democratic debate and political knowledge? -increased media choices Other sets by this creatorHU General Biology Final Exam Review158 terms mwheeler8204Plus HU General Biology Comprehensive Exam Review356 terms mwheeler8204Plus College Chemistry I : Chapter 5 Gases an…64 terms mwheeler8204Plus HU General Biology Comprehensive Exam Review201 terms mwheeler8204Plus Other Quizlet setsALAT512 terms mohammadibhuiyan The Understanding of Music Exam #321 terms jacksonspencer1234 Attucks! Oscar Robertson and the Basketball Team T…14 terms ToadcamPlus Psychology: Chapter 13 A30 terms Brittany_Blackwell8 What are the main factors influencing voter choice?Moreover, key public influences include the role of emotions, political socialization, tolerance of diversity of political views and the media.
What are four factors that may influence voting and voter behavior quizlet?What factors influence voter behavior? Voters are influenced by sociological factors such as income, occupation, education, gender, age, religion, ethnic background, geography, and family.
What are the various factors that influence how a voter will vote quizlet?Terms in this set (8). Education. -those with more education are more likely to vote. ... . Income. -wealthier voters are more likely to turnout at election time. ... . Age. -young voters are less likely to turnout than older voters (until 70) ... . Gender. ... . Religion. ... . race. ... . Occupation. ... . Voter identification laws.. Which three types of factors influence the decisions of voters quizlet?Three factors influence voters' decisions at the polls: partisan loyalty, issues, and candidate characteristics.
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How does ideological orientation influence voter choice in an election quizlet?
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