How do Interactionists believe that peoples personalities and their environments jointly determine behavior?

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Self and Personality
How do Interactionists believe that people's personalities and their environments?
What do Interactionist theories say about personality?
Which is the acquired personality structure that develops as people adapt to their environment?
How do our genetics have an effect on our personalities quizlet?

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Self and Personality

Question	Answer
Self Concept	Who you believe you are.
Self Schema	An integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self.
Working Self-concept	Reflects how a person thinks of herself at a certain moment.
Self Esteem	The affective aspect of the self. How we feel about our personal characteristics.
Self-serving Bias	The tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors.
Id	In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle.
Superego	In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that reflects the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct.
Ego	In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the superego.
Defense Mechanisms	Unconscious mental strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress.
Locus of Control	The idea that personality is based on a person’s perception of whether she controls the rewards and punishments that she experiences (internal locus of control) or does not control them (external locus of control).
Trait Approach	Ways of studying personality that are based on people’s characteristics, their tendencies to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances.
Temperaments	Biologically based tendency to feel or act in certain ways.
Basic Tendencies	Personality traits that are largely determined by biology and are stable over time.
Characteristic Tendencies	Changes in behavioral expression of basic tendencies based on the demands of specific situations.
Situationism	The theory that behavior is determined more by situations than by personality traits.
Interactionists	Theorists who believe that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying traits.
Working Self-concept Example	Chester’s working self-concept is variable when he finds himself around different people. When he is with his conservative family, he describes himself as liberal, but when he is with his friends from Connecticut, he describes himself as Southern.
Distinguishing between the sociometer theory of self-esteem and the concept of reflected appraisal.	It is evolutionarily adaptive for us to be motivated to improve our public image. Self-esteem functions to provide us with cues that we are placing ourselves at risk for social rejection.
Narcissists	Narcissists tend to be unfaithful in relationships. The following qualities apply: Manipulative Become angry when challenged View themselves in grandiose terms Feel entitled to special treatment
The following are true statements about maintaining a positive sense of self:	People with high self-esteem tend to take credit for success and attribute failures to situations outside their control. The self-serving bias reflects healthy psychological functioning.
Collectivist	connections to family and social groups conformity to social norms obedience to authority self-concepts determined by social roles
Individualist	pursuit of success rights and freedoms self-expression diversity self-concepts determined by being distinct from others
Collectivist cultures include:	Japan, Greece, Pakistan, China, and some regions of Africa.
Individualist cultures include:	northern and western Europe, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States.
Self-esteem in relation to life outcomes:	People who consider themselves to be smarter or more attractive do not necessarily exhibit these traits objectively. People with higher self-esteem report being much happier. Violent criminals and bullies often have very high self-esteem.
Theoretical orientations: Humanistic	Personal growth
Theoretical orientations: Trait	Characteristics
Theoretical orientations: Cognitive	Thought processes
Theoretical orientations: Psychodynamic	Unconscious forces
Conscious	Thoughts people are aware of (EGO).
Preconscious	Thoughts that are not currently in awareness but could be brought to awareness (SUPEREGO).
Unconscious	Thoughts are not easy to revive (ID)
How do psychologists today think of Freud’s theories?	They agree that people’s personalities develop based on social interactions. Freud’s defense mechanisms are now believed to protect self-esteem. They have largely abandoned psychodynamic theories.
Albert Bandura	Reciprocal determinism
Carl Rogers	Unconditional positive regard
Julian Rotter	Locus of Control
Sigmund Freud	Psychosexual development
How does reciprocal determinism propose that a woman’s behavior, personality, and environment will interact to determine how she behaves at a party?	Her person factors will affect her behavior. The party’s atmosphere will affect her behavior. The party’s atmosphere will affect her person factors. Her behavior will affect the party’s atmosphere.
According to Carl Rogers’s person-centered approach, which of the following would cause someone to have healthy self-esteem?	A supportive and accepting therapeutic environment Parents who offer unconditional positive regard No discrepancy between her sense of self and how she believes others perceive her
Which of the following are results from twin and adoption personality studies?	Identical twins raised apart have similar personality traits. There appears to be little parental influence on adopted children’s personalities.
Introverts	Distracted by noisy environments Typically above optimal level of arousal
Extroverts	Seek out new emotional experiences Chronically underaroused Perform better in stimulating settings
How do our genetics have an effect on our personalities?	Multiple genes interact with our environment to produce our personalities. One’s tendency to seek novelty can be linked to a single gene.
Why are our friends’ assessments of our personalities sometimes more accurate than our own?	We have blind spots about some aspects of our personality because we want to feel good about ourselves. We may be preoccupied with evaluating other people and fail to notice how we are behaving.

How do Interactionists believe that people's personalities and their environments?

Symbolic interactionism theory assumes that people respond to elements of their environments according to the subjective meanings they attach to those elements, such as meanings being created and modified through social interaction involving symbolic communication with other people.

What do Interactionist theories say about personality?

What do interactionist theories say about personality? Behavior is both dependent on situational factors and biological dispositions.

Which is the acquired personality structure that develops as people adapt to their environment?

Characteristic Adaptations Core components of Five-Factor Theory include the characteristic adaptations, that is, acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environment. The principal difference between basic tendencies and characteristic adaptations is their flexibility.

How do our genetics have an effect on our personalities quizlet?

How do our genetics have an effect on our personalities? One's tendency to watch a lot of TV or like jazz has a genetic basis. Multiple genes interact with our environment to produce our dispositions. All of the genes that we have been given by our parents are expressed in our personalities.

How do Interactionists believe that peoples personalities and their environments jointly determine behavior?

Self and Personality

How do Interactionists believe that people's personalities and their environments?

What do Interactionist theories say about personality?

Which is the acquired personality structure that develops as people adapt to their environment?

How do our genetics have an effect on our personalities quizlet?

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