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Terms in this set (122)The motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests defines: A. narcissism. B. egoism. C. hedonism. D. altruism. d Hannah, a 20-year-old girl, helps a blind man to cross a busy street. She helps him without expecting any benefits in return. According to the social-exchange theory, Hannah exhibits ________ in this scenario. A. the reciprocity norm B. egoism C. the overjustification effect D. altruism D Aidan, a young social activist, fights for the cause of the poor people, and he stages many protests in their support. He writes to various government officials regarding the welfare measures for needy people. He works for the poor without accepting any benefits in return. According to the social-exchange theory, Aidan's act exemplifies ________ in this scenario. A. group selection B. altruism C. reciprocity D. egoism B The notion that humans interact in such a way as to minimize costs and maximize rewards to the self is referred to as the: A. social-exchange theory. B. drive theory. C. triangular theory. D. motivation crowding theory. A Before agreeing to help out at the local homeless shelter, Sharon weighs the costs (e.g., getting up at dawn) and benefits (e.g., feeling good about herself) of doing so. This strategy is best explained by the: A. self-perception theory. B. social-exchange theory. C. self-presentation theory. D. social comparison theory. B According to the social-exchange theory, which of the following is a behavior that is characterized by rewards that are external in nature? A. donating money to boost the image of the company B. volunteering for community projects to boost self-worth C. giving emotional support to one's partner for one's satisfaction D. donating blood to make oneself feel good A According to the social-exchange theory, which of the following behaviors is characterized by rewards that are internal in nature? A. donating money to boost the image of the company B. volunteering for community projects to boost self-worth C. helping a family member to get some money D. offering a stranger a ride hoping to receive friendship B In the context of the social-exchange theory, which of the following is true of the studies conducted by Piliavin (2003) and Andersen (1998) on rewards? A. Young people who tutored children were at markedly more risk for delinquency than others. B. Volunteering benefited morale and health only when it was required rather than when it was self-initiated. C. Youth who engaged in community service projects developed social skills and positive social values. D. Youth who participated in school-based "service learning" were less likely to become engaged citizens than other people. C In McMillen and Austin's research (1971), participants who had lied were more likely to: A. lie again. B. volunteer a large amount of time. C. volunteer a small amount of time. D. avoid the researchers. B Our eagerness to do well after doing something bad reflects our need to: A. merely reduce private guilt. B. reclaim a positive public image only. C. both reduce private guilt and reclaim a positive public image. D. neither reduce private guilt nor reclaim a positive public image. C In the context of internal rewards for doing good, there are a few consistent findings in psychology that ________ people are helpful people. A. happy B. well-rested C. well-educated D. easygoing A Which of the following statements is true of the effect of guilt on the motivation to do good deeds? A. It sustains close relationships. B. It reduces sensitivity. C. It leads to too much harm. D. It disrupts interaction among people. A Who is most likely to respond favorably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital? A. Melvin's older sister, who is hurrying to get to her scheduled appointment with the family doctor B. Melvin's mother, who just received a very favorable job evaluation from her employer C. Melvin's younger brother, who is depressed over receiving a D on a physics exam D. Melvin's father, who is annoyed over the newspaper boy's trampling of his flower bed B Helping ________ a bad mood and ________ a good mood. A. eliminates; increases B. softens; sustains C. does not change; amplifies D. increases; eliminates B According to researchers, which of the following is the correct order that leads us to good actions? A. positive mood; positive behavior; positive thoughts; positive self-esteem B. positive behavior; positive thoughts; positive self-esteem; positive mood C. positive behavior; positive mood; positive thoughts; positive self-esteem D. positive mood; positive thoughts; positive self-esteem; positive behavior D According to sociologist Gouldner (1960), which of the following defines the reciprocity norm? A. It is the finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders. B. It is the expectation that people will help those needing help. C. It is the expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. D. It is the mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network. C The personalized address labels that come with mailings that solicit donations to philanthropic causes likely follow the: A. reciprocity norm. B. social-exchange theory. C. misinformation effect. D. social capital theory. A Joshua, a student at a medical school, gets help from his roommate to fix a chair, and Joshua helps his roommate with the laundry. According to the social-exchange theory, Joshua and his roommate exhibit ________ in this scenario. A. an illusion of transparency B. a pluralistic ignorance C. the reciprocity norm D. the social-responsibility norm C Jacob and Ethan, two college students, are roommates and split their rent and other expenses. Jacob does the cooking, and in return, Ethan does the cleaning and the laundry. According to the social-exchange theory, Jacob and Ethan exemplify ________ in this scenario. A. the reciprocity norm B. pluralistic ignorance C. an illusion of transparency D. the social-responsibility norm A Ashley, an intelligent medical student, supports poor children in her neighborhood. She tutors them without accepting anything in return. According to the social-exchange theory, Ashley demonstrates ________ in this scenario. A. pluralistic ignorance B. the reciprocity norm C. the bystander effect D. the social-responsibility norm D Mr. Lemming's neighbors mowed his lawn, but he was too sick and weak to reciprocate. We can predict that Mr. Lemming is likely to feel: A. demeaned because he cannot return the help. B. angry at his neighbors. C. grateful and happy. D. proud and unthreatened A The social-responsibility norm refers to the expectation that: A. future exchanges of help must exist. B. leaders will help more than regular group members. C. people will help those needing help. D. to receive help, people must ask for it. C In one experiment on the reciprocity norm, university students were more willing to make a charity pledge when: A. they were promised a pledge in return. B. the pledge was unsolicited. C. it was for someone who had bought them candy. D. it was anonymous. C Beshoi and Habiba, a middle-aged couple, are immigrants from Egypt and have been staying in the same neighborhood for the last seven years. They need to go to their native country to visit their ailing parents, and their neighbors offer to watch over the house while the couple is away. According to the social-exchange theory, which of the following is exhibited in this scenario? A. a pluralistic ignorance B. the reciprocity norm C. the social-responsibility norm D. the social capital D Brian, a young man, meets with an accident and undergoes a surgery. His neighbors take care of his pet dog while he is hospitalized. Because of his neighbors' generosity, he is not worried about his dog when he is away. According to the social-exchange theory, which of the following social norms is exemplified in this scenario? A. the social-responsibility norm B. the social capital C. a pluralistic ignorance D. the reciprocity norm B Arjun, a 21-year-old undergraduate student in the United States, hails from a collectivistic country, and he believes that he should help his friends who are in distress. He does not expect any rewards for helping others, and often, he completes assignments for his friends who are ill and are unable to attend classes. According to the social-exchange theory, which of the following norms is exhibited by Arjun in this scenario? A. the overjustification effect B. the reciprocity norm C. the social-responsibility norm D. the bystander effect C In which of the following countries is the norm of social responsibility most likely to be strong? A. India B. England C. the United States D. Canada A Identify a true statement about the social-responsibility norm across various cultures. A. People in collectivistic cultures are least in favor of the social-responsibility norm. B. In the United States, people do receive compassion when they are victims of natural disaster. C. People in the United States show stronger support for the social-responsibility norm than those in India. D. In determining help, cultures avoid the practice of tying responses to attributes. B If victims seem to have created their own problems by laziness or lack of foresight, people are less willing to offer help. In this case, helping responses are thus closely tied to: A. the overjustification effect. B. attributions C. self-concepts. D. cognitive dissonance. B When people need our help, we are most likely to provide assistance if we attribute their need to: A. a lack of motivation. B. circumstances beyond their control. C. poor planning or foresight. D. their mood or disposition. B A classmate of Bianca's wants to borrow Bianca's notes to study for an upcoming exam. In the context of the social-responsibility norm, research suggests that Bianca will most likely agree if the classmate says she needs the notes because she: A. takes inadequate notes. B. does not like this class as well as her other courses. C. has been absent due to an illness. D. has not been able to concentrate in class. C
Research on gender and receiving help revealed that ________ offered more help when the persons in need were females, and ________ offered help equally to males and females. A. men; women B. women; men C. older people; youngsters D. youngsters; older people A Research on gender and helping norms revealed that: A. females offer more help to males than males do to females. B. males offer to help males and females equally. C. females seek more help than males. D. both males and females help others equally. C ________ are twice as likely as ________ to seek medical and psychiatric help. A. European Americans; Asian Americans B. Asian Americans; European Americans C. Men; women D. Women; men D Evolutionary psychology contends that the essence of life is: A. gene survival. B. self-actualization. C. self-realization. D. the discovery of meaning. A In the context of evolutionary psychology, the ________ principle implies that nature programs us to care about close relatives. A. kin selection B. reciprocity C. social justice D. deindividuation A The idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes is referred to as: A. nominative determinism. B. altruistic selection. C. kin selection. D. self-serving helpfulness. C
Samantha, a seven-year-old girl, suffers from a chronic kidney disease. Her doctor suggests an immediate kidney transplant for her to survive. Sarah, Samantha's mother, readily donates her kidney, and Samantha recovers from her condition after a successful surgery. In the context of evolutionary psychology, which of the following is exemplified in this scenario? A. indirect reciprocity B. group selection C. direct reciprocity D. kin selection D Jayden, a sales executive, loses his job during a recession. His friend, Noah, helps him during the crisis. After a few months, Jayden gets a job and helps Noah when the latter is in dire need. According to evolutionary psychology, Jayden and Noah exhibit ________ in this scenario. A. indirect reciprocity B. group selection C. direct reciprocity D. kin selection
C Which of the following specifically predicts that we will be more altruistic toward our relatives than toward close friends? A. evolutionary psychology B. the social norms theory C. nominative determinism D. the self-presentation theory A Social-exchange is a ________ theory, while the social norm is a ________ theory. A. sociological; psychological B. psychological; sociological C. biological; psychological D. sociological; biological B From an evolutionary perspective, it would be most difficult to explain why: A. John paid his son's hospital bill. B. Phyllis helped her mother clean the house. C. William helped his next-door neighbor paint his house. D. Ruth risked her life to save a stranger from being murdered. D Evolutionary psychologists would have the greatest difficulty explaining why: A. Jill agreed to donate bone marrow to save the life of a stranger. B. Molly agreed to drive her neighbor to the doctor. C. Simon donated a kidney to save the life of his son. D. Rick helped his best friend paint his house.
A People who live in ________ are least likely to relay a phone message, mail "lost" letters, cooperate with survey interviewers, do small favors, or help a lost child. A. big cities B. small towns C. rural environments D. villages A Since we are born selfish, evolutionary psychologists such as Richard Dawkins propose that we attempt to: A. develop a system that will encourage reciprocity. B. develop an "altruistic gene." C. teach generosity and altruism. D. live only in small, isolated communities. C In the context of evolutionary psychology, which of the following is true of kin selection? A. Children have more at stake in the survival of their parents' genes than the parents themselves. B. Parents will generally be more devoted to their children than their children are to them. C. Fraternal twins are noticeably more mutually supportive than genetically identical twins. D. Identical twins are half as likely as fraternal twins to cooperate with their twin for a shared gain. B ________ is the vicarious experience of another's feelings and putting oneself in another's shoes. A. Egoism B. Empathy C. Reciprocity D. Narcissism B Hoffman (1981) reported that infants cry more when they hear another infant crying. This is an example of: A. egoism. B. empathy. C. altruism. D. harmony. B Meghan, a middle-aged professional, works for the upliftment of the poor in her neighborhood. She feels their pain and provides them with a ray of hope as she understands how difficult it is to live without the basic necessities of life. According to evolutionary psychology, Meghan exhibits ________ in this scenario. A. egoism B. empathy C. kin selection D. reciprocity B Grace, a young housewife, understands the pain of her friend, Martha, who recently lost her husband. Grace does everything in her capacity to help Martha because she thinks that if she were in Martha's situation, Martha would have definitely helped. According to evolutionary psychology, Grace exhibits ________ in this scenario. A. egoism B. elevation C. kin selection D. empathy D Batson and his colleagues (1981) had university women watch another woman suffer a series of painful shocks. Some participants were led to feel empathy for her and were then asked if they would trade places, taking her remaining shocks. The results indicated that: A. most participants agreed to help but only if they would be rewarded. B. most participants agreed to help even if they knew that their part in the experiment was complete. C. most participants downplayed the victim's suffering or convinced themselves that she deserved to be shocked. D. most participants refused to trade places but expressed sympathy and sought compensation for the victim from the experimenters. B Which of the following statements is true about empathy-induced altruism as noted by Batson? A. Sometimes people do focus on others' welfare, not on their own. B. If people feel empathy but know that something else will make them feel better, they are very likely to help. C. With their empathy aroused, people usually are reluctant to help strangers. D. Empathy-based altruism removes any type of partiality in a family. A Who among the following psychologists believes that genuine empathy-induced altruism is part of human nature? A. Darley B. Schaller C. Cialdini D. Batson D Altruism researcher Daniel Batson reported that empathy-induced altruism: A. is always helpful. B. does not inhibit aggression. C. lowers cooperation. D. can feed favoritism, injustice, and indifference. D In the context of situational influences, Latané and Darley surmised that as the number of bystanders increases, any given bystander is ________ than when he or she is alone. A. less likely to assume responsibility for taking action B. more likely to notice the incident C. more likely to interpret the incident as a problem or an emergency D. less likely to stay away from helping the victim A In observing people's responses to staged emergencies, Darley and Latané (1970) found that ________ greatly decreased intervention. A. social alienation B. a lack of empathy C. the presence of other bystanders D. self-concern C You trip over a fallen branch and sprain your ankle. According to research on the bystander effect, a stranger who sees your plight will be most likely to offer aid if there are ________ others present. A. no B. two C. four D. ten A In the context of situational influences, which of the following is one of the steps in Latané and Darley's decision tree? A. calculating the time required for helping B. interpreting the incident as an emergency C. weighing the costs and benefits of helping D. overestimating others' ability to "read" a person's internal states B Darley and Latané described a sequence of decisions a bystander must make before he or she will intervene in an emergency. Which of the following is NOT one of the specific steps? A. noticing the incident B. interpreting the incident as an emergency C. assessing the victim's desire for help D. assuming personal responsibility for intervening C A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack. According to Darley and Latané, what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency? A. You must check if the stranger is related to you or your family. B. You must assume responsibility for helping. C. You must notice the stranger. D. You must make sure the victim is alone and truly in need of help. C
Latané and Darley (1968) had university students complete questionnaires in a small room and then had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working ________ tended to notice the smoke in ________. A. in groups; less than five seconds B. alone; less than five seconds. C. on a challenging task; about 20 seconds D. on a rote task; less than five seconds B
In the context of interpretation, the tendency to overestimate others' ability to "read" our internal states is called the illusion of: A. deceit. B. visibility. C. awareness. D. transparency. D Austin, a young chemist, notices smoke in an adjacent room while working in his laboratory and panics. However, his colleagues look very calm. He quickly tries to regain his cool as he thinks his colleagues may tease him for being worried for such a small incident. According to the studies on misinterpretations by Gilovich, Savitsky, and Medvec (1998), which of the following is exhibited by Austin in this scenario? A. an illusion of transparency B. the bystander effect C. self-awareness D. the spotlight effect A The fact that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called: A. the bystander effect. B. pluralistic ignorance. C. the self-interest effect. D. the suppression of responsibility effect. A Jonathan, a 30-year-old man, meets with an accident on a busy street and is severely injured. Many people gather around the spot, but none of the onlookers come forward to help him, and subsequently, he succumbs to his injuries. According to the observation of Latané and Darley, which of the following is exhibited in this scenario? A. the overjustification effect B. pluralistic ignorance C. the bystander effect D. an illusion of transparency C In a study by Latané and Rodin (1969), a female experimenter apparently fell and hurt her ankle. What percentage of participants who were alone offered help? A. 100 percent B. 70 percent C. 40 percent D. 10 percent B In a study by Latané and Rodin (1969), a female experimenter apparently fell and hurt her ankle. When pairs of strangers confronted the emergency, what percentage offered help? A. 100 percent B. 70 percent C. 40 percent D. 10 percent C Myers suggests that there are a number of reasons why individuals who live in big cities tend to be less helpful. Which of the following is one of those reasons? A. The increasing numbers of bystanders who are friends decrease helping. B. Urban dwellers become cold and uncaring after living in a city. C. Urban dwellers experience compassion fatigue and sensory overload. D. The decreasing numbers of bystanders depress helping. C According to the bystander effect, A. we are more likely to help others when others are present. B. we are less likely to help others when others are present. C. we are unaffected by bystanders when help is needed. D. we are more likely to receive help from bystanders. B
In the context of research ethics, researchers who studied the bystander effect have: A. always first obtained the participant's informed consent. B. been careful to debrief their laboratory participants. C. subsequently found that most research participants believe the laboratory experiments have little, if any, value or application to everyday life. D. been unable to replicate real-life situations. B Research evidence indicates that prosocial models of helping: A. create an environment of narcissism among youth. B. promote altruism in children but not in adults. C. promote altruism in the observers. D. decrease helping because observers seem to believe that aid is less necessary. C In an enactment of the Good Samaritan situation, Darley and Batson (1973) studied the helpfulness of Princeton seminarians in order to assess whether helping behavior was influenced by: A. religious education. B. age differences. C. gender differences. D. time pressures. D Which is NOT one of the factors that influence a person's helping behavior? A. the number of bystanders B. impact biases C. time pressures D. prosocial models B People in a hurry may be less willing to help because they: A. have weighed the costs of helping and have decided that the costs are too high. B. simply do not take time to tune in to a person in need. C. tend to be selfish and primarily concerned with meeting their own needs. D. tend to be more driven by conviction than by context. B Alexander, a young graduate, is late for his interview and rushes through a subway. He finds an old woman tripping and falling right in front of him. Instead of helping her, he rushes toward the exit. According to Darley and Batson's research (1973), Alexander's apathy toward the old woman in this scenario is because of ________. A. elevation B. pluralistic ignorance C. time pressures D. similarity C Who among the following is most likely to help an injured pedestrian? A. Tatiana, who has just found $10 in a grocery store B. Ivan, who is five minutes late for a committee meeting C. Richard, who crashed his car onto a fence D. Isabelle, who observed her friend ignoring a homeless man A Miller and his colleagues (2001) reported that we are more empathic and helpful toward those who are ________ us. A. close in proximity to B. similar to C. different from D. older than B In the context of ingroup similarity and helping, which of the following statements is true of people's helping behavior? A. The more people know about disaster victims and where they live, the less they donate. B. People tend to help those that are perceived differently in an exclusive larger defined group. C. People are predisposed to help their fellow group members, whether those are defined more narrowly or more inclusively. D. One way to increase people's willingness to help others is to promote social identities that are more exclusive than inclusive. C DeBruine (2002) found that when students played an interactive game with a supposed other player, participants were ________ when the other person's pictured face had some features of their own face morphed into it. A. more trusting but less generous B. more trusting and more generous C. less trusting but more generous D. less trusting and less generous B Which of the following is true as the number of bystanders at an emergency increases? A. A bystander is more likely to notice the situation. B. A bystander is more likely to interpret it as an emergency. C. A bystander is less likely to assume responsibility. D. A bystander is less likely to walk away. C We are most likely to help when: A. we have just observed someone else helping. B. we are rushed. C. the person is perceived to be different from us. D. we are in a group of people. A According to personality researchers, which of the following is a characteristic of a person who is predisposed to helpfulness? A. high in positive emotionality B. high in narcissism C. low in empathy D. low in self-efficacy A According to personality researchers, which of the following is true of the effect of personality on altruism? A. People who are low in self-monitoring are attuned to others' expectations. B. Personality influences how particular people react to particular situations. C. Assertiveness strongly predicts helping across a variety of situations. D. Gender is the only characteristic that predicts helping better than any other factor. B When faced with potentially dangerous situations where strangers need help, A. women help the most. B. men help the most. C. men and women help equally. D. older people help the most. B In helping situations, A. women offer more than men in dangerous circumstances. B. men offer more than women to help in safer circumstances. C. there are gender differences depending on the situation. D. men respond to a friend's problem more than women. C According to Robert Putnam (2000), membership in ________ was most closely associated with other forms of civic involvement, like voting, jury service, community projects, and giving to charity. A. self-help groups B. service clubs C. hobby clubs D. religious groups D Identify a true statement about religiosity and helping. A. Religious individuals are less likely to be involved in jury service and community projects than other types of organizations. B. Individuals high in religiosity are most likely to engage in self-serving lies or fraud. C. Membership in religious organizations is hardly associated with civic activities like voting or talking to neighbors. D. The tendency to engage in charity is strongest for religious individuals when religious behavior is a matter of personal choice. D Solomon and Solomon (1978) found that bystanders who ________ were more likely to offer aid to a sick person. A. remained anonymous B. identified themselves to one another by name and age C. physically resembled the person D. were the same sex as the person B People are more likely to help another person if: A. they are anonymous. B. they don't expect to see them again. C. they expect to meet them again. D. they are deindividuated. C According to Hoover et al. (1983), pedestrians who are more likely to help another pedestrian pick up a dropped envelope are those who: A. are closest to the person who dropped the envelope. B. physically resemble the person who dropped the envelope. C. just had their photograph taken. D. remain anonymous. C Keisha is stopped on the street by a panhandler. In the context of the personalized appeal, she is most likely to give money if: A. the panhandler is male. B. the panhandler is female. C. she just had her picture taken. D. she can remain anonymous. C Katzev (1978) found that when people were reprimanded at a zoo for feeding unauthorized food to bears, they were ________ to help another person afterward than if they had not been reprimanded. A. more likely B. more hesitant C. less likely D. less willing A In the context of guilt and concern for self-image, researchers have found that with door-to-door solicitation, there is more success with requests for contributions when they are: A. random. B. systematic. C. large. D. small. D Which of the following is one of the ways that Myers suggests to increase social altruism? A. teach moral inclusion B. pursue narcissism C. increase ambiguity and decrease responsibility D. separate guilt and concern from self-image A Regarding others as within one's circle of moral concern is called: A. moral exclusion. B. moral inclusion. C. exclusive altruism. D. ingroup moralism. B Which of the following is an effective way to increase helping behavior? A. increase the ambiguity of the situation B. model prosocial behavior C. teach narcissism D. model the bystander effect B Omitting certain people from one's circle of moral concern is called: A. moral exclusion. B. moral inclusion. C. exclusive altruism. D. ingroup moralism. A Both European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews during the Nazi era and civil rights activists of the 1950s reported that: A. they came from families who themselves had been victims of some form of social injustice. B. they had warm, close relationships with at least one parent who was a strong "moralist" and committed to humanitarian causes. C. their efforts were in part a reaction to having been raised in a troubled family environment in which parents and children were in frequent conflict. D. they were firstborn or only children whose parents had taught them courage and independence. B What principle or concept suggests that rewarding people for their helpfulness may, in the long run, undermine their self-motivated altruism? A. the door-in-the-face principle B. the just-world hypothesis C. the overjustification effect D. the progress trap C Zoe, a teenager, likes to help her mother in the kitchen, and her parents reward her with pocket money for doing so. Zoe thinks she helps in the kitchen because of the rewards rather than because she wants to. In the context of socializing altruism, Zoe's act is due to ________ in this scenario. A. the reciprocity norm B. the social-responsibility norm C. the spotlight effect D. the overjustification effect D Which of the following statements about helping behavior and social norms is true? A. The social-responsibility norm operates most effectively as people respond publicly to deeds earlier done to them. B. The reciprocity norm usually serves as a reminder to people to balance giving and receiving. C. The social-responsibility norm decrees that people should help those who need help with regard to future exchanges. D. The reciprocity norm compels us to help those most in need and those most deserving. B Caleb, an affluent man, supports many charity organizations anonymously. He is a religious man who believes that as God has provided everything for him, and he should give some of his wealth to needy and unfortunate people. According to the social-exchange theory, Caleb exhibits the ________ in this scenario. A. reciprocity norm B. social-responsibility norm C. bystander effect D. overjustification effect B According to evolutionary psychology, A. individuals are rarely helpful to others since such self-sacrifice would destroy one's chances of contributing to the gene pool. B. altruism occurs when a personal sacrifice is necessary to ensure the group's survival. C. most altruism in human society reflects either a kin selection process or reciprocity. D. behavior is determined by genetics, so the social environment does not influence behavior. C The bystander effect predicts that: A. helping behavior increases as physical proximity decreases. B. people are less likely to help when in groups than when they are alone. C. people primarily offer help when there are others around them. D. people often refuse help to maintain equity in the social relationship. B When Darley and Batson (1973) staged an ambiguous emergency (a man slumped in a doorway) in front of seminary students, they found that: A. seminary students were more helpful than the average bystander was. B. the bystander effect does not apply to religious people. C. students were less helpful if they were late for an appointment. D. students who were on their way to give a lecture on the parable of the Good Samaritan were more helpful. C Belle is deliriously happy because she has recently fallen in love with Sean. Which of the following behaviors should we most likely expect from Belle? A. Belle will display more egoistic behaviors. B. Belle will display more helpful behaviors. C. Belle's level of altruism will experience a huge decline. D. Belle's level of conscientiousness will increase. B
Nicholas and Tyler are two young men who are childhood friends. Nicholas teaches Tyler to ride a bicycle, and Tyler teaches Nicholas swimming. According to the social-exchange theory, which of the following is exhibited by Nicholas and Tyler in this scenario? A. the overjustification effect B. the social-responsibility norm C. the reciprocity norm D. the bystander effect C Which of the following statements is true about gender differences in helping behavior? A. Women seek more help than men. B. Women offer help to attractive men more than unattractive men. C. Men receive more offers of help than women. D. Men welcome help more readily than women. A The perception of certain individuals or groups as outside the boundary within which one applies moral values and rules of fairness is called: A. moral exclusion. B. moral inclusion. C. the outgroup bias. D. outgroup homogeneity. A Ben is highly disturbed by the screaming he hears from the street below his apartment. To help reduce his distress, he goes to see if someone needs help. Ben's behavior seems to be motivated by: A. altruism. B. the gaining of external rewards. C. the gaining of an internal reward. D. reciprocity. C You ate the last of your roommate's cereal. When she asks "Did you finish the cereal or did I?" you lie and say you didn't eat it. When she then asks you to stop by the store to pick up some more, you agree. Your behavior is best explained by: A. the need to reduce private guilt. B. the feel good-do good effect. C. the social-exchange theory. D. the reciprocity norm. A Identify a true statement about gender differences in helping behavior. A. Men are the majority of callers to radio counseling programs. B. Women are twice as likely to seek medical and psychiatric help than men. C. Women offered more help when the persons in need were men. D. Men more often welcome help from friends. B Katherine, her daughter, and some of Katherine's friends are boating in a river. Suddenly, their boat capsizes because of strong currents. Katherine is able to hold onto a log of wood, and she puts all efforts to save her daughter. She prioritizes her daughter's life over those of her friends. According to evolutionary psychology, which of the following is exemplified in this scenario? A. social capital B. kin selection C. pluralistic ignorance D. reciprocity B When Will sees other people crying, he cries too, and when he sees someone who is embarrassed, he feels embarrassed. Will would likely receive a high score on a measure of: A. reciprocity. B. narcissism. C. guilt. D. empathy. D According to Latané and Darley (1968), what must happen first for you to offer assistance in an emergency? A. You need to notice the incident. B. You need to take responsibility for the incident. C. You need to be a family or a close relative to the victim. D. You need to weigh the costs and benefits of helping. A While walking down the street, Tim sees a man slumped over grabbing his chest. Tim looks around at the other pedestrians who don't seem concerned. He assumes that, if they aren't worried, then everything is OK and keeps walking. This is an example of: A. diffusion of responsibility. B. collective narcissism. C. pluralistic ignorance. D. the social-responsibility norm. C People are most likely to offer assistance when: A. they live in a large city. B. there are many witnesses to an event. C. they have just seen another person helping someone else. D. they are pressed for time. C Why does personal treatment increase helping in bystanders? A. It makes them more self-aware. B. It makes them more narcissistic. C. It triggers the social-responsibility norm. D. It increases ambiguity and reduces social responsibility. A People often feel more altruistic when they have helped without receiving payment or implied social pressure than when offered a reward for doing so. This is best explained by: A. moral exclusion. B. the overjustification effect. C. the bystander effect. D. diffusion of responsibility.
B According to Johnson and Post (2017), identify a true statement about helping. A. Volunteering improves one's mood and benefits one's physical health. B. Bereaved spouses recover from their depression faster if they isolate themselves rather than if they help others. C. People whose spending is self-focused are happier than those who donate money. D. Research confirms that giving decreases happiness. A Before Paul went out of town, he asked his neighbor to stop by to water his lawn. His neighbor was happy to agree. This type of helping is an example of: A. social capital. B. reciprocity. C. outgroup bias. D. the bystander effect. A Around the world, compared to nonreligious people, which of the following is true of highly religious people? A. Highly religious people have higher incomes. B. Highly religious people give more to charities. C. Highly religious people volunteer less often. D. Highly religious people are less likely to help strangers. B Sets with similar termsSocial Psychology Final Exam Chapters 1295 terms kara__hart Social psychology chapter 1255 terms joshly_rodriguez Social Psych: chapter 1219 terms tkuku Social Psychology Chapter 1260 terms theKatelynPopick Sets found in the same folderChapter 11129 terms digilitbooks Chapter 9132 terms digilitbooks Chapter 13131 terms digilitbooks ch 10 aggression132 terms gnr222PLUS Other sets by this creatorPSYC Chapter 15164 terms digilitbooks PSYC Chapter 14163 terms digilitbooks PSYC Chapter 13136 terms digilitbooks PSYC Chapter 12178 terms digilitbooks Verified questionsquestion According to research on the bystander effect, which of the following people is most likely to stop and help a stranger? a. Jacob is on his way to a doctor's appointment with his young son. b Xavier lives in a crowded city. c. Malika is in a terrible mood, having just learned that she foiled her midterm exam. d. Ciera just saw a young girl offering her arm, to help an older woman cross the street. e. Mahmood is lost in thought as he walks to work, worrying about his upcoming presentation. Verified answer question A researcher interested in determining the size of a particular area of the brain would be most likely to use which of the following techniques? a. Lesion b. EEG c. MRI d. fMRI e. PET scan Verified answer question A child who is genetically female a. has received an X chromosome from her mother and a Y chromosome from her father. b. has received a Y chromosome only from her mother. c.. has received a Y chromosome from her mother and an X chromosome from her father. d. has received two X chromosomes from he r mother and none from her father. e. has received an X chromosome from her father and her mother. Verified answer question Compared with rats raised in an enriched environment, which of the following is true of rats raised in isolation? a. Their brain cortex is less developed. b. Though neurologically similar, they fear other rats. c. Their brains have more connections. d. They have a thicker brain cortex. e. The differences between the two groups are not statistically significant. Verified answer Recommended textbook solutionsSocial Psychology10th EditionElliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson 525 solutions Social Psychology10th EditionElliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson 525 solutions Social Psychology14th EditionNyla R. Branscombe, Robert A. Baron 144 solutions Social Psychology14th EditionNyla R. Branscombe, Robert A. Baron 144 solutions Other Quizlet setsLivsmedel: Kött och kyckling25 terms AnaMariaSchott Periodic Trends & Electron Affinity16 terms VeronicaSzo Chapter 57: Stroke30 terms shaye713 Industrial Revolution Kahoot Questions14 terms katesflashcards1 Related questionsQUESTION As you walk through the mall you often see many restaurants offering free samples of food in order to make you more willing to buy something from them. This approach for gaining compliance is known as the 5 answers QUESTION What is the relationship between empathy, the ability to change one's mood, and willingness to engage in helping behavior (it is actually evidence against altruism!) 5 answers QUESTION Kelley's Covariation Theory / Model (distinctiveness, consistency, consensus) 15 answers QUESTION The tendency for people to attribute someone's behavior more to dispositional (internal) factors to a greater extent than is warranted. The tendency to ignore or underestimate the role of situational (external) factors influencing the person's behavior. 2 answers |
From an evolutionary perspective, it would be most difficult to explain why Quizlet
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