What is the difference between information system and computer system?A computer system is a type of information system that utilizes computers. An information system in a more general term to mean any set of steps used to organize information. Show
MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Computer ____ entails having the knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses. a. literacy c. legitimacy b. intimacy d. infancy ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 5 2. A(n) ____ is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use. a. input device c. output device b. computer d. both a and c ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 6 3. ____ is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. a. Data c. Information b. Output d. Input ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 6 4. ____ conveys meaning and is useful to one or more people. a. Data c. Input b. Information d. Output ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 6 5. A(n) ____ device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a com- puter. a. output c. input b. communications d. terminal ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 6 6. Some people refer to the series of input, process, output, and storage activities as the ____ processing cycle. a. data c. output b. input d. information ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 7. A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as ____. a. software c. output b. input devices d. hardware ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 8. The ____ unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer that are used to process data. a. control c. arithmetic b. system d. base ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 7 9. The ____ is the electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer. a. motherboard c. processor b. control unit d. arithmetic unit ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 7 10. ____ consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions. a. The processor c. The control unit b. The CPU d. Memory ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 7 11. A(n) ____ device is any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people. a. input c. terminal b. communications d. output ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 7 12. A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on ____ media such as USB flash drives, CDs, DVDs, memory cards, and hard disks like the one shown in the accompanying figure. a. storage c. communications b. input ANS: A d. output PTS: 1 REF: 8 13. A(n) ____ device records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from a USB flash drive, for ex- ample. a. USB c. indexing b. storage d. dynamic ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 8 14. A hard disk provides much ____. a. less storage capacity than a CD b. less storage capacity than a USB flash drive c. greater storage capacity than a CD but less than a USB flash drive d. greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 8 15. A widely used communications device is a ____. a. modem c. USB flash drive b. CD drive d. DVD drive ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 8 16. A(n) ____ device is a hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers. a. reading c. communications b. transmitting d. reception ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 8 17. A computing phrase � known as ____ � points out that the accuracy of a computer�s output depends on the accuracy of the input. a. what you see is what you get c. nothing ventured, nothing gained b. garbage in, garbage out d. better safe than sorry ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 9 18. All of the following are advantages of using computers except ____. a. speed c. communications b. impact on labor force d. consistency ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 9 19. A(n) ____ is anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates. a. user c. manager b. editor d. programmer ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 9 20. ____ computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer. a. Green c. Streamlined b. Universal d. Comprehensive ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 10 21. A(n) ____ is a collection of computers and devices connected together as shown in the accompanying figure via communications devices and transmission media. a. client base c. network b. baseline d. server farm ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10 22. Networks, such as that pictured in the accompanying figure, allow computers to share ____, such as hardware, software, data, and information. a. resources c. links b. systems d. media ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 10 23. When a computer connects to a network, such as that pictured in the accompanying figure, the com- puter is ____. a. linked c. resourced b. inline d. online ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 10 24. On a network, the major differences between the server (like the one in the accompanying figure) and client computers is that the server ordinarily has ____. a. less power, less storage space, and decreased communication capabilities b. less power, less storage space, but expanded communication capabilities c. more power, more storage space, but decreased communication capabilities d. more power, more storage space, and expanded communication capabilities ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 10 25. A(n) ____ like the one in the accompanying figure controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and also provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and informa- tion. a. server c. client b. mainframe d. terminal ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 25 26. The ____ is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. a. Web c. Newsnet b. Telnet d. Internet ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 11 27. People around the world use the Internet to ____. a. communicate with and meet other people b. shop for goods and services c. access sources of information and leisure d. all of the above ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 12 28. In ____, people can communicate with multiple users at the same time � much like a group discus- sion. a. e-mail c. a chat room b. instant messaging d. file transfer ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 12 29. A Web site is ____. a. a collection of related Web pages b. the location from which a Web page originates c. the source of a Web page d. an author of a Web page ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 13 30. The ____, which contains billions of documents called Web pages, is one of the more popular services on the Internet. a. Telnet c. Newsnet b. Web d. Web server ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 13 31. At a photo sharing ____, users can create an online photo album and store their digital photographs. a. exchange c. community b. market d. application ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 14 32. ____ consist(s) of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it. a. GUIs c. Sharing communities b. Storage utilities d. Software ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 15 33. With a(n) ____, users interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons. a. GUI c. HUI b. DUI d. BUI ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 15 34. You interact with a program through its ____, which controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. a. operating system c. user interface b. storage d. icon ANS: C PTS: 1 35. Two categories of software are ____. a. operating system and system software b. system software and utility programs c. utility programs and operating systems REF: 15 d. system software and application software ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 15 36. ____ is the process of setting up the software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware components. a. Running c. Loading b. Installing d. Leading ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 37. The trend of computers and devices with technologies that overlap is known as ____. a. indexing c. concatenation b. coalescence d. convergence ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 18 38. Popular programming languages include ____. a. C++ c. JavaScript b. Visual C# d. All of the above ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 18 39. A(n) ____ computer is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. a. mainline c. personal b. mainframe d. terminal ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 19 40. The term, ____, refers to any personal computer based on the original IBM personal computer design. a. Macintosh c. clone b. PC-friendly d. PC-compatible ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 19 41. A(n) ____ computer is a type of personal computer designed so the system unit, input devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table. a. desktop c. encapsulated b. mobile d. handheld ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 20 42. A ____ computer targets a specific audience and offers high-quality audio, video, and graphics with optimal performance for sophisticated single-user and networked or Internet multiplayer games. a. multiplayer c. handheld b. gaming desktop d. All of the above ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 20 43. A(n) ____ computer is a personal computer that users can carry from place to place. a. integrated c. mobile b. desktop d. encapsulated ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 20 44. A(n) ____ computer is a portable, personal computer designed to fit on your lap. a. handtop b. desktop ANS: D c. PDA d. notebook PTS: 1 REF: 20 45. Some mobile devices are ____, meaning they can connect to the Internet wirelessly. a. Internet-enabled c. active b. hotspots d. mobile ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 21 46. Examples of mobile technology include all of the following EXCEPT ____. a. digital cameras c. smart phones b. portable media players d. servers ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 21 47. Which of the following is NOT true of mobile devices? a. You often can connect a mobile device to a personal computer to exchange information between the computer and the mobile device. b. Some mobile devices are Internet-enabled, meaning they can connect to the Internet wire- lessly. c. Mobile devices usually have disk drives. d. Because of their reduced size, the screens on mobile devices are small, but usually are in color. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 21 48. Offering the convenience of one-handed operation, a(n) ____ phone is an Internet-enabled telephone that usually also provides PDA capabilities. a. text c. instant b. smart d. messaging ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 21 49. Each of the following is a popular type of mobile device except ____. a. handheld computers c. smart phones b. PDAs d. mainframes ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 21 50. Resembling a letter-sized slate, the ____ PC is a special type of notebook computer that allows users to write or draw on the screen. a. Tablet c. Slate b. Letter d. Matrix ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 21 51. With a(n) ____, users write on the screen or issue instructions to a Tablet PC, for example, by tapping on the screen. a. graphic tool c. digital pen b. stylus d. keypad ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 21 52. A(n) ____ is a computer small enough to fit in one hand. a. PDM b. uPX ANS: D c. LPM d. UMPC PTS: 1 REF: 22 53. A ____ provides personal organizer functions such as a calendar, appointment book, address book, cal- culator, and notepad. a. PPA c. PSA b. PDA d. mainframe ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 22 54. A(n) ____ message is a real-time Internet communication, where you exchange messages with other connected users. a. video c. instant b. camera d. photo ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 22 55. Standard ____ use a handheld controller(s) as an input device; a television screen as an output device; and hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and/or memory cards for storage. a. game consoles c. smart phones b. ultra personal computers d. servers ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 24 56. A(n) ____ console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games. a. video c. entertainment b. multimedia d. game ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 24 57. ____ are large, expensive, powerful computers that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously and store tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and information. a. Embedded computers c. Mainframes b. Supercomputers d. Mobile devices ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 25 58. ____ are the fastest, most powerful computers � and the most expensive. a. Desktop computers c. Midrange servers b. Notebook computers d. Supercomputers ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 25 59. Most major corporations use ____ for business activities. a. embedded computers c. mainframes b. supercomputers d. mobiles devices ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 25 60. ____ are capable of processing more than 1 quadrillion instructions in a single second. a. Desktop computers c. Midrange servers b. Notebook computers d. Supercomputers ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 25 61. Because ____ are components in larger products, they usually are small and have limited hardware. a. telematics c. handhelds b. embedded computers d. smart watches ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 26 62. A(n) ____ computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product. a. hard-coded c. soft b. embedded d. indexed ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 26 63. Together, hardware, software, data, people, and procedures comprise a(n) ____ system. a. telematics c. smart b. comprehensive d. information ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 27 64. All of the following are categories of users EXCEPT ____. a. home users c. mobile users b. enterprise users d. communications users ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 28 65. At home, every family member, or home ____, spends time on the computer for different reasons. a. player c. manager b. user d. surfer ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 28 66. With ____ software, a home user can play games, compose music, research genealogy, or create greet- ing cards. a. reference c. entertainment b. educational d. systems ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 29 67. ____ include local law practices, accounting firms, travel agencies, and florists. a. Mobile users c. Large business users b. Small offices d. Power users ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 30 68. A(n) ____ includes any company with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed who work from home. a. large business user c. SOHO b. enterprise user d. Any of the above ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 30 69. Many small office/home office users have entered the ____ arena and conduct business on the Web. a. Web cam c. enterprise b. e-commerce d. reselling ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 30 70. Small business Web sites sometimes use a(n) ____ to show the world a live view of some aspect of their business. a. camera pill c. Web cam b. dynamic vid d. IT camera ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 30 71. Increasingly more employees and students are ____ users, who work on a computer while away from a main office or school. a. SOHO c. mobile b. power d. key ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 31 72. A(n) ____ user is a category of user that requires the capabilities of a workstation or other powerful computer. a. SOHO c. mobile b. power d. key ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 31 73. Many large companies use the term, ____ computing, to refer to the huge network of computers that meets their diverse computing needs. a. diversity c. corporate b. enterprise d. leadership ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 32 74. ____ is a work arrangement in which employees work away from a company�s standard workplace and often communicate with the office through the computer. a. CAM c. Telemetrics b. Mobile labor d. Telecommuting ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 32 75. Each employee or customer who uses a computer in a large business is a(n) ____ user. a. multinational c. global b. telematic d. enterprise ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 32 76. In a large business, the employees in the ____ department keep the computers and the network run- ning. a. IT c. accounting b. Web d. system ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 32 77. With ____, users access account balances, pay bills, and copy monthly transactions from a bank�s computer right into their personal computers. a. online investing c. neural networks b. online banking d. All of the above ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 34 78. Investors often use ____ to buy and sell stocks and bonds � without using a broker. a. online investing b. online banking ANS: A c. neural networks d. All of the above PTS: 1 REF: 35 79. A(n) ____ is a system that attempts to imitate the behavior of the human brain. a. human webnet c. neural network b. online matrix d. cerebral terminal ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 36 80. ____ refers to the use of computers to assist with manufacturing processes such as fabrication and as- sembly. a. CAM c. POS b. CAP d. TAC ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 38 MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. ____ is a main component on the motherboard. a. The input system c. The output device b. The processor d. Memory ANS: B, D PTS: 1 REF: 7 2. Some transmission media like ____ are wireless, which means they have no physical lines or wires. a. satellites c. cellular radio networks b. WANs d. LANs ANS: A, C PTS: 1 REF: 8 3. Most operating systems include several utility programs for managing ____. a. RAM c. the microprocessor b. disk drives d. printers ANS: B, D PTS: 1 REF: 16 4. Popular application software includes ____ software. a. word processing c. database b. spreadsheet d. presentation graphics ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 16 5. Programmers use a ____ to create computer programs. a. programming language c. binary interface b. program development tool d. user management device ANS: A, B PTS: 1 REF: 18 6. A category into which industry experts typically classify computers is ____. a. microframes c. personal computers b. enhanced computers d. supercomputers ANS: C, D PTS: 1 REF: 18 7. A personal computer contains ____. a. processor b. a storage device ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 c. memory d. an input device REF: 19 8. Most notebook computers can operate on ____. a. recycled energy c. convergence b. batteries d. power supply ANS: B, D PTS: 1 REF: 20 9. Most PDAs offer a variety of application software, including ____ software. a. word processing c. spreadsheet b. personal finance d. supercomputing application ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 10. A terminal is a device with ____. a. a monitor b. a keyboard ANS: A, B, D PTS: 1 REF: 22 c. a server d. memory REF: 25 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. The average USB flash drive can hold more than 320 billion characters. _________________________ ANS: F, hard disk PTS: 1 REF: 8 2. Hundreds of thousands of people today use podcasts to publish their thoughts on the Web. _________________________ ANS: F, blogs PTS: 1 REF: 14 3. Blogs are a popular way people verbally share information on the Web. _________________________ ANS: F, Podasts PTS: 1 REF: 14 4. Terminal software serves as the interface between the user, the application, and the computer hard- ware. _________________________ ANS: F, System PTS: 1 REF: 15 5. Windows Vista is an example of a(n) utility program. _________________________ ANS: F, operating system PTS: 1 REF: 15 6. HTPCs cost more than a basic desktop computer. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 20 7. A text message usually is between 300 to 600 characters. _________________________ ANS: F, fewer than 300 PTS: 1 REF: 22 8. Cameras small enough to swallow � sometimes called a cochlear implant � take pictures inside your body. _________________________ ANS: F, camera pill PTS: 1 REF: 37 9. Industries use computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to reduce product development costs, shorten a product�s time to market, and stay ahead of the competition. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 38 10. Often, robots carry out processes in a CAM environment. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 38 TRUE/FALSE 1. Computers are a primary means of communications for billions of people. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 4 2. Computers process information (output) into data (input). ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 6 3. Communications has become an essential element of the information processing cycle. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 6 4. A printer displays text, graphics, and videos on a screen. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 7 5. Some portable devices, such as digital cameras, use memory cards as the storage media. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 8 6. Storage devices like the hard drive shown in the accompanying figure often function as a source of in- put because they transfer items from storage to memory. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 8 7. To discard an old computer safely, put it in a landfill. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 10 8. A client controls access to the resources on a network. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 10 9. In many networks, one or more computers act as a server. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 10 10. The world�s largest computer network is the Web. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 11 11. The user interface controls how data and instructions are entered and how information displays on the screen. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 15 12. The two categories of software are system software and utility software. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 15 13. A pod is a miniature image such as that shown in the accompanying figure that represents a program, an instruction, or some other object. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 15 14. The application system provides a means for users to communicate with the computer and other soft- ware. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 15 15. When a user starts a computer, portions of the operating system load into the computer�s hard disk from memory. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 15 16. A utility program allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 16 17. When a computer is purchased, it seldom has any software preinstalled on its hard disk. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 16 18. Once in memory, the computer can carry out, or load, the instructions in the program. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 17 19. Programmers develop programs or write the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 18 20. The distinction among categories of computers is always clear-cut. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 18 21. PC and PC-compatible computers usually use the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS). ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 19 22. Some desktop computers function as a server on a network. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 20 23. Notebook computers generally are less expensive than desktop computers with equal capabilities. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 20 24. On a typical notebook computer, the monitor is on top of the system unit, and the keyboard attaches to the system unit with hinges. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 20 25. Some mobile devices are Internet-enabled so users can check e-mail and access the Internet. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 21 26. In addition to basic telephone capabilities, a smart phone allows users to send and receive e-mail and access the Web. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 21 27. A standard game console is small enough to fit in one hand, making it more portable than a handheld game console. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 24 28. Servers like the one in the accompanying figure typically support only one computer at a time. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 25 29. Mainframes store only small amounts of data, instructions, and information. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 25 30. Mainframes can act as a server on a network environment. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 25 31. With weights that exceed 100 tons, desktop computers can store more than 20,000 times the data and information than an average supercomputer. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 25 32. Applications requiring complex, sophisticated mathematical calculations use supercomputers. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 25 33. All IT applications should have readily available documented procedures. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 27 34. Today�s homes seldom have any desktop computers. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 29 35. Examples of mobile users include engineers, scientists, architects, desktop publishers, and graphic artists. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 31 36. Software used by power users usually is inexpensive because of its generic design. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 31 37. Enterprises rarely have e-commerce Web sites. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 32 38. Some enterprises use blogs to open communications among employees, customers, and/or vendors. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 32 39. Employees that telecommute have rigid work schedules that prevent them from combining work and personal responsibilities. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 32 40. Hardware requirements for a small office/home office (SOHO) user include game consoles. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 33 41. More than 95 percent of colleges offer some type of distance learning classes. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 34 42. Finance software usually includes a variety of online services. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 34 43. With online investing, the transaction fee for each trade usually is much more than when trading through a broker. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 35 44. Nearly every area of health care uses computers. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 36 45. An exciting development in health care is telemedicine, which is a form of long-distance health care. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 36 46. Breakthroughs in surgery, medicine, and treatments seldom result from scientists� use of computers. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 36 47. The capability of the computer to recognize spoken words is a direct result of scientific experimenta- tion with cochlear implants. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 36 48. Many publishers make the content of magazines and newspapers available online. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 37 49. Vehicles manufactured today often include some type of onboard navigation system. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 38 50. Airlines do not provide online access. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 38 COMPLETION 1. As computers have become a part of everyday life, many people believe that ____________________ is/are vital to success. ANS: computer literacy PTS: 1 REF: 5 2. Computers process data into ____________________. ANS: information PTS: 1 REF: 6 3. ____________________ is/are the steps that tell the computer how to perform a particular task. ANS: Instructions PTS: 1 REF: 6 4. Of keyboards, mice, scanners, microphones, digital camera, and printer, the only one that is not a widely used input device is the ____________________. ANS: printer PTS: 1 REF: 6 5. The ____________________ is a small handheld input device that controls the movement of a small symbol on the screen called the pointer. ANS: mouse PTS: 1 REF: 6 6. A(n) ____________________ is an input device that converts printed material to a form the computer can use. ANS: scanner PTS: 1 REF: 6 7. Of printers, scanners, monitors, and speakers, all are commonly used output devices except ____________________. ANS: scanners PTS: 1 REF: 7 8. The circuitry of the system unit usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called the ____________________. ANS: motherboard PTS: 1 REF: 7 9. Storage devices like the ____________________ in the accompanying figure hold data, instructions, and information for future use. ANS: hard drive hard disk PTS: 1 REF: 8 10. A(n) ____________________ is a portable storage device that is small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket. ANS: USB flash drive PTS: 1 REF: 8 11. Anyone can create a Web page and then make it available, or ____________________ it, on the Inter- net for others to see. ANS: publish PTS: 1 REF: 13 12. A(n) ____________________ is an informal Web site consisting of time-stamped articles in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order. ANS: blog PTS: 1 REF: 14 13. A(n) ____________________ is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded to a computer or a portable digital audio player such as an iPod. ANS: podcast PTS: 1 REF: 14 14. Software today has a(n) ____________________, like that shown in the accompanying figure. ANS: graphical user interface GUI graphical user interface (GUI) GUI (graphical user interface) PTS: 1 REF: 15 15. A(n) ____________________, such as those shown in the accompanying figure, is a miniature image that represents a program, an instruction, or some other object. ANS: icon PTS: 1 REF: 15 16. ____________________ software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. ANS: System PTS: 1 REF: 15 17. One type of system software is a(n) ____________________ system, which is a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices. ANS: operating PTS: 1 REF: 15 18. One type of system software is a(n) ____________________ program, which allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer. ANS: utility PTS: 1 REF: 16 19. ____________________ software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks, and include Web browser, word processing software, and spreadsheet software. ANS: Application PTS: 1 REF: 16 20. A widely used type of application software related to communications is a Web ____________________, which allows users with an Internet connection to access Web pages. ANS: browser PTS: 1 REF: 16 21. Once users have installed software, they can use, or ____________________, it. ANS: run PTS: 1 REF: 17 22. Once in memory, the computer can carry out, or ____________________, the instructions in a pro- gram. ANS: execute PTS: 1 REF: 17 23. A(n) ____________________ is someone who develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information. ANS: developer PTS: 1 REF: 18 24. A computer�s processing ____________________ is among the attributes that determine the category it best fits. ANS: power PTS: 1 REF: 18 25. Two types of ____________________ are desktop computers and notebook computers. ANS: PC (personal computer) personal computer PC personal computer (PC) PTS: 1 REF: 19 26. In many models of personal computers, the system unit is the tall and narrow ____________________, which can sit on the floor vertically � if desktop space is limited. ANS: tower PTS: 1 REF: 20 27. A(n) ____________________ combines the features of a high-definition video/audio entertainment system with a desktop computer that is designed to be connected to a television and includes a Blu-ray Disc, digital video recorder, and digital cable television connectivity. ANS: home theater PC home theater PC (HTPC) HTPC (home theater PC) HTPC PTS: 1 REF: 20 28. An expensive, powerful desktop computer is the ____________________, which is geared for work that requires intense calculations and graphics capabilities. ANS: workstation PTS: 1 REF: 20 29. The most popular type of mobile computer is the ____________________ computer like the one shown in the accompanying figure. ANS: notebook laptop PTS: 1 REF: 20 30. A(n) ____________________ computer like the one in the accompanying figure weighs on average from 2.5 to more than 10 pounds (depending on the configuration). ANS: laptop notebook PTS: 1 REF: 20 31. Many small office/home office users (SOHO) have entered the ____________________ arena and conduct business on the Web. ANS: e-commerce PTS: 1 REF: 30 32. Examples of ____________________ users are sales reps, real estate agents, insurance agents, meter readers, package delivery people, journalists, consultants, and students. ANS: mobile PTS: 1 REF: 31 33. With ____________________ software, a mobile user can create and deliver a presentation to a large audience by connecting a mobile computer or device to a video projector that displays the presentation on a full screen. ANS: presentation PTS: 1 REF: 31 34. Examples of ____________________ users include engineers, scientists, architects, desktop publish- ers, and graphic artists. ANS: power PTS: 1 REF: 31 35. Power users often work with ____________________, combining text, graphics, audio, and video into one application. ANS: multimedia PTS: 1 REF: 31 36. ____________________ users use the computer network to process high volumes of transactions in a single day. ANS: Enterprise PTS: 1 REF: 32 37. The hardware requirements for a(n) ____________________ user include a workstation or other powerful computer with multimedia capabilities and a smart phone or other mobile device. ANS: power PTS: 1 REF: 33 38. Through ____________________, health-care professionals in separate locations conduct live confer- ences on the computer. ANS: telemedicine PTS: 1 REF: 36 39. A(n) ____________________ is a system that attempts to imitate the behavior of the human brain. ANS: neural network PTS: 1 REF: 36 40. Industries use ____________________ to shorten a product�s time to market, reduce product develop- ment costs, and stay ahead of the competition. ANS: CAM computer-aided manufacturing computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) PTS: 1 REF: 38 MATCHING Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition. a. text message k. instant message b. Web page l. picture message c. video message m. embedded computers d. blog n. PDA e. HTPC o. tower f. keyboard p. utility g. IT q. Web site h. application r. access provider i. mobile s. storage devices j. operating system t. USB flash drive 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Some handheld computers have a specialized one The kind of system unit that can sit on the floor vertically Provides personal information management functions Found in larger products Department found in most companies with mid-sized and large computers A real-time Internet communication, where you exchange messages with other connected users Sent via a camera phone Kind of software that consists of programs designed to make users more productive Windows Vista and Mac OS X are examples Type of user that often has a notebook computer, Internet-enabled PDA, or smart phone A short note sent to or from a smart phone, for example Drives and readers/writers are examples of these A storage device Businesses that offer users and companies access to the Internet free or for a fee The Web contains billions of these An informal Web site consisting of time-stamped articles in a diary format A collection of related Web pages A short video clip, usually about 30 seconds, sent to or from a smart phone, for example Type of program that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs 20. Combines the features of a high-definition audio/video entertainment system with a desktop computer 1. ANS: F 2. ANS: O PTS: 1 PTS: 1 REF: 22 REF: 20 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: N M G K L H J I A S T R B D Q C P E PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 22 26 27 22 22 16 15 31 22 8 8 12 13 14 13 22 16 20 CASE 1. Which of the following types of computers typically has the lowest number of simultaneously connec- ted users? a. game console c. supercomputer b. embedded computer d. server ANS: b. PTS: 1 REF: 19 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. Which of the following types of computers typically has the most expensive price range? a. mainframe c. personal computer b. server d. mobile computer ANS: a. PTS: 1 REF: 19 TOP: Critical Thinking 3. Which of the following types of users is the most likely to use computer-aided design software? a. SOHO c. home b. mobile d. power ANS: d. PTS: 1 REF: 33 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. All of the following applications are common across user categories EXCEPT ____. a. e-mail c. multimedia authoring b. Web browser d. personal information manager ANS: c. PTS: 1 REF: 33 TOP: Critical Thinking ESSAY 1. Discuss what storage devices are, including an explanation of storage media, USB flash drives, and hard disks in your answer. ANS: A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on storage media. Examples of storage media are USB flash drives, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and memory cards. A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media. Drives and readers/writers, which are types of stor- age devices, accept a specific kind of storage media. For example, a DVD drive (storage device) ac- cepts a DVD (storage media). Storage devices often function as a source of input because they transfer items from storage to memory. A USB flash drive is a portable storage device that is small and light- weight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket. The average USB flash drive can hold about 4 billion characters. You plug a USB flash drive in a special, easily accessible opening on the computer. A hard disk provides much greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive. The average hard disk can hold more than 320 billion characters. Hard disks are enclosed in an airtight, sealed case. Although some are portable, most are housed inside the system unit. PTS: 1 REF: 8 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. Explain in detail at least three advantages of using computers. ANS: Benefits of computers are possible because computers have the advantages of speed, reliability, con- sistency, storage, and communications. Speed: When data, instructions, and information flow along electronic circuits in a computer, they travel at incredibly fast speeds. Many computers process billions or trillions of operations in a single second. Processing involves computing (adding, subtracting, etc.), sorting (e.g., alphabetizing), organizing, displaying pictures, recording audio clips, playing music, and showing a movie or video. Reliability: The electronic components in modern computers are dependable and reliable be- cause they rarely break or fail. Consistency: Given the same input and processes, a computer will produce the same results � consistently. A computing phrase � known as garbage in, garbage out � points out that the accuracy of a computer�s output depends on the accuracy of the input. For example, if you do not use the flash on a digital camera when indoors, the resulting pictures that are displayed on the computer screen may be unusable because they are too dark. Storage: A computer can transfer data quickly from storage to memory, process it, and then store it again for future use. Many computers store enormous amounts of data and make this data available for processing anytime it is needed. Communications: Most computers today can communicate with other computers, often wire- lessly. Computers with this capability can share any of the four information processing cycle opera- tions � input, process, output, and storage � with another computer or a user. PTS: 1 REF: 9 TOP: Critical Thinking 3. Explain in detail at least three disadvantages of using computers. ANS: Some disadvantages of computers relate to the violation of privacy, public safety, the impact on the labor force, health risks, and the impact on the environment. Violation of Privacy: Nearly every life event is stored in a computer somewhere...in medical records, credit reports, tax records, etc. In many instances, where personal and confidential records were not properly protected, individuals have found their privacy violated and identities stolen. Public Safety: Adults, teens, and children around the world are using computers to share pub- licly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal information. Some of these unsuspecting, innocent computer users have fallen victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers. Protect your- self and your dependents from these criminals by being cautious. For example, do not share informa- tion that would allow others to identify or locate you. Impact on Labor Force: Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and created an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of employees have been replaced by computers. Thus, it is crucial that workers keep their education up-to-date. A separate impact on the labor force is that some companies are outsourcing jobs to foreign countries in- stead of keeping their homeland labor force employed. Health Risks: Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders of the hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck, and back. Computer users can protect themselves from these health risks through proper workplace design, good posture while at the computer, and appropriately spaced work breaks. Another health risk, called computer addiction, occurs when someone becomes obsessed with using the computer. Once recognized, computer addiction is a treatable disorder. Impact on Environment: Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural resources and polluting the environment. When computers are discarded in landfills, they re- lease toxic materials and potentially dangerous levels of lead, mercury, and flame retardants. Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer. Strategies that support green computing include recycling, regulating manufacturing pro- cesses, extending the life of computers, and immediately donating replaced computers. When you pur- chase a new computer, some retailers offer to dispose of your old computer properly. PTS: 1 REF: 9-10 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. Explain the difference between the Internet and the Web with a detailed explanation of what each is. ANS: The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. More than one billion people around the world use the Internet daily for a variety of reasons, including the following: Communicate with and meet other people Conduct research and access a wealth of information and news Shop for goods and services Bank and invest Participate in online training Engage in entertaining activities, such as planning vacations, playing online games, listening to music, watching or editing videos, and reading books and magazines Download music and video Share information, photos, and videos Access and interact with Web applications People connect to the Internet to exchange information with others around the world. E-mail allows you to send messages to other users. With instant messaging, you can have a live conversation with an- other connected user. In a chat room, you can communicate with multiple users at the same time � much like a group discussion. You can use the Internet to make a telephone call. Businesses, called access providers, offer users and companies access to the Internet free or for a fee. By subscribing to an access provider, you can use your computer and a communications device, such as a modem, to connect to the many services of the Internet. The Web, short for World Wide Web, is one of the more popular services on the Internet. Think of the Web as a global library of information available to anyone connected to the Internet. The Web con- tains billions of documents called Web pages. A Web page can contain text, graphics, audio, and video. Web pages often have built-in connections, or links, to other documents, graphics, other Web pages, or Web sites. A Web site is a collection of related Web pages. Some Web sites allow users to access music and videos that can be downloaded, or transferred to storage media in a computer or port- able media player, and then listen to the music through speakers, headphones, or earphones, or view the videos on a display device. PTS: 1 REF: 11-13 TOP: Critical Thinking 5. Define in detail each of the following computer categories: server, mainframe, and supercomputer. ANS: A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. Servers can support from two to several thousand connected computers at the same time. In many cases, one server accesses data, information, and programs on another server. In other cases, people use personal computers or terminals to access data, information, and programs on a server. A terminal is a device with a monitor, keyboard, and memory. A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. Mainframes store tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and in- formation. Most major corporations use mainframes for business activities. With mainframes, large businesses are able to bill millions of customers, prepare payroll for thousands of employees, and man- age thousands of items in inventory. One study reported that mainframes process more than 83 percent of transactions around the world. Mainframes also can act as servers in a network environment. Serv- ers and other mainframes can access data and information from a mainframe. People also can access programs on the mainframe using terminals or personal computers. A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer � and the most expensive. The fastest supercomputers are capable of pro- cessing more than 1,000 trillion instructions in a single second. With weights that exceed 100 tons, these computers can store more than 20,000 times the data and information of an average desktop computer. Applications requiring complex, sophisticated mathematical calculations use supercom- puters. Large-scale simulations and applications in medicine, aerospace, automotive design, online banking, weather forecasting, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration use a supercom- puter. PTS: 1 REF: 25 6. Define enterprise computing. ANS: TOP: Critical Thinking Many large companies use the words, enterprise computing, to refer to the huge network of computers that meets their diverse computing needs. The network facilitates communications among employees at all locations. Users access the network of servers or mainframes through desktop computers, mobile computers, and mobile devices. Enterprises use computers and the computer network to process high volumes of transactions in a single day. Although they may differ in size and in the products or ser- vices offered, all generally use computers for basic business activities. For example, they bill millions of customers, prepare payroll for thousands of employees, and manage thousands of items in invent- ory. Some large businesses use blogs to open communications among employees, customers, and/or vendors. Large businesses typically have e-commerce Web sites, allowing customers and vendors to conduct business online. The Web site also showcases products, services, and other company informa- tion. Customers, vendors, and other interested parties can access this information on the Web. Once an order is placed, computers update inventory records to reflect goods sold and goods purchased. PTS: 1 REF: 32 TOP: Critical Thinking Chapter 2: The Internet and World Wide Web MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ____ are two of the more widely accessed Internet services. a. The World Wide Web and e-mail c. Mailing lists and chat rooms b. FTP and message boards d. Instant messaging and newsgroups ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 74 2. The ____ is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agen- cies, educational institutions, and individuals. a. Internet c. Web b. Telnet d. NSFNet ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 74 3. The Internet has its roots in a networking project started by the Pentagon�s ____, an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense. a. NSFnet c. MPEG b. ARPA d. LISTSERV ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 75 4. The Internet has its roots in ____, a network that became functional in 1969, linking scientific and aca- demic researchers across the United States. a. ARPANET c. LISTSERV b. NSFnet d. MPEG ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 75 5. ____ oversees research and sets standards and guidelines for many areas of the Internet. a. ARPANET c. LISTSERV b. NSFnet d. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 76 6. Fixed wireless Internet connections ____. a. use an antenna to communicate with a tower b. are high-speed c. use radio signals d. all of the above ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 76 7. Although it is an inexpensive way for users to connect to the Internet, ____ is slow-speed technology. a. a cable modem c. a dial-up connection b. DSL d. ISDN ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 76 8. Until 1995, NSFnet handled the bulk of communications activity, or ____, on the Internet. a. volume c. traffic b. modulation d. access ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 76 9. ____ takes place when the modem in a computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the Inter- net. a. DSL c. FTTP b. Convergence d. Dial-up access ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 76 10. A cable ____ allows access to high-speed Internet services through the cable television network. a. transceiver c. receiver b. modem d. dialer ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 76 11. ____ high-speed Internet connections use an antenna on a house or business to communicate with a tower location via radio signals. a. Satellite c. Fixed wireless b. FTTP d. DSL ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 76 12. A satellite ____ communicates with a satellite dish to provide high-speed Internet connections via satellite. a. transceiver c. receiver b. modem d. dialer ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 76 13. Which of the following is NOT true of a Wi-Fi network? a. Many home users set them up. b. A Wi-Fi's Internet service can be dial-up access. c. Wi-Fi networks send signals to a communications device that is connected to a high-speed Internet service. d. A Wi-Fi's Internet service can be DSL or cable. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 76 14. A satellite Internet service ____. a. uses regular copper telephone lines b. is a high-speed Internet connection c. accesses the Internet through the cable television network d. uses radio signals to communicate with a tower ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 76 15. ____ oversees research and sets standards and guidelines for many areas of the Internet. a. The NSF c. The W3C b. ARPA d. DARPA ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 76 16. ____ is a technology that provides high-speed Internet connection using regular copper telephone lines. a. DSL c. CMOS b. ISP d. OSP ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 76 17. A(n) ____ provider is a business that provides individuals and companies access to the Internet for free or for a fee. a. service c. host b. access d. e-mail ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 77 18. The components of a domain name are separated by ____. a. spaces c. commas b. apostrophes d. periods ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 79 19. The ____ consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents. a. Telnet c. Internet b. Web d. both B and C ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 80 20. Each electronic document on the Web is called a Web ____, which can contain text, graphics, audio (sound), and video. a. page c. reader b. net d. host ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 80 21. A Web ____ is a collection of related Web pages and associated items, such as documents and pic- tures, stored on a Web server. a. site c. host b. reader d. app ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 81 22. A(n) ____ is application software that allows users to access and view Web pages. a. reader c. host b. browser d. server ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 81 23. Internet-enabled mobile devices such as smart phones use a special type of browser, called a(n) ____, which is designed for their small screens and limited computing power. a. FTP c. e-viewer b. microbrowser d. webapp ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 82 24. As shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____ is a program that finds Web sites and Web pages. a. microbrowser c. web finder b. location utility d. search engine ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 85 25. To find a Web page, the user of a resource like that in the accompanying figure, would simply enter a word or phrase, called ____, in the search engine�s text box. a. keywords c. hits b. icons d. any of the above ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 85 26. A search engine, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, displays a list of ____, or Web page names, that contain the search text. a. keywords c. hits b. icons d. pulls ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 86 27. Many search engines like those in the accompanying figure use a program, called a(n) ____, to build and maintain lists of words found on Web sites. a. portal c. spider b. FTP d. FTTP ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 88 28. A(n) ____ is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location. a. portal c. extraction b. keyframe d. powerpoint ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 89 29. The term ____ refers to any application that combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video, and/ or virtual reality. a. portal c. multimedia b. Web app d. Java applet ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 92 30. A(n) ____ is a digital representation of nontext information such as a drawing, chart, or photograph. a. applet c. keyframe b. pic d. graphic ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 93 31. On a Web page, a(n) ____ is a small version of a larger graphic. a. keyframe c. applet b. thumbnail d. extraction ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 94 32. ____ includes music, speech, or any other sound. a. Audio c. Video b. Vodcasting d. Digeo ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 94 33. Podcasters register their podcasts with ____. a. NSFnet b. ARPA ANS: D PTS: 1 c. W3C d. content aggregators REF: 94 34. The ____ format reduces an audio file to about one-tenth of its original size, while preserving much of the original quality of the sound. a. MP3 c. GIF b. PNG d. VMEG ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 94 35. ____ is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow, which allows users to access and use a file while it is transmitting. a. Casting c. Surfing b. Streaming d. Flowing ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 94 36. To listen to an audio file on a computer, a user needs special software called a(n) ____. a. reader c. player b. broadcaster d. browser ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 94 37. A(n) ____ is recorded audio, usually an MP3 file, stored on a Web site that can be downloaded to a computer or a portable digital audio player such as an iPod. a. podcast c. vodcast b. TCP d. POP ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 94 38. ____ is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as three-dimen- sional (3-D) space. a. IrDA c. VR b. POP d. TCP ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 96 39. The ____ defines a popular video compression standard. a. Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) b. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) c. National Science Foundation (NSF) d. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 96 40. ____ consists of full-motion images that are played back at various speeds. a. Audio c. Video b. Vodcasting d. Digeo ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 96 41. A(n) ____ is a program that extends the capability of a browser. a. player c. rebrowser b. plug-in d. publisher ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 97 42. Web ____ is the development and maintenance of Web pages. a. distribution c. convergence b. publishing d. e-commerce ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 97 43. ____ is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet. a. E-convergence c. E-marketing b. E-browsing d. E-commerce ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 98 44. A customer (consumer) visits an online business through an electronic ____, which contains product descriptions, graphics, and a shopping cart. a. pushcart c. grocery b. storefront d. bank ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 99 45. A(n) ____ allows the customer visiting an electronic storefront to collect purchases. a. index c. wagon b. grocery list ANS: D d. shopping cart PTS: 1 REF: 99 46. ____ occurs when one consumer sells directly to another consumer, such as in an online auction. a. Consumer-to-business (C2B) e-commerce b. Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce c. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce d. Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 100 47. Most e-commerce actually takes place between businesses, which is called ____. a. consumer-to-business (C2B) e-commerce b. business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce c. consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce d. business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 100 48. ____ is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network. a. E-mail c. FTP b. DSL d. C2C ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 101 49. Today, ____ is a primary communications method for both personal and business use. a. e-commerce c. chat room b. FTP d. e-mail ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 101 50. A(n) ____ program is used to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages. a. FTP c. transmission b. e-mail d. communication ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 101 51. An e-mail ____ is a combination of user name and domain name that identifies a user so he or she can receive Internet e-mail. a. link c. reference b. address d. user clause ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 102 52. A(n) ____ is a unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user. a. password c. user name b. e-mail reference d. user clause ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 102 53. Most e-mail programs allow users to create a(n) ____, which contains a list of names and e-mail ad- dresses. a. TCP c. address book b. glossary d. table of contents ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 102 54. ____ is a communications technology used by some outgoing mail servers. a. SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol) c. POP (post office protocol) b. ARPA (advanced rural postal addresses) d. HTML (hypertext mail link) ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 103 55. ____ is the latest version of a communications technology used by some incoming mail servers. a. FTP c. GIF b. TCP d. POP3 ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 103 56. A(n) ____ is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name. a. chat list c. mailing list b. actor list d. client list ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 103 57. ____ is a real-time Internet communications service that notifies users when one or more people are online and then allows them to exchange messages or files or join a private chat room. a. Wikispace c. Chattalk b. IM d. Communispace ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 104 58. ____ means that the people who are conversing on a computer are online at the same time. a. Automatic c. Real time b. Real-world d. Mainline ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 104 59. For ____ to work, both parties must be online at the same time, and the receiver of a message must be willing to accept messages. a. e-mail c. instant messaging b. FTP d. all of the above ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 104 60. A(n) ____ is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer. a. chat c. confab b. telnet d. quick talk ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 105 61. A chat ____ is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other. a. base c. home b. room d. space ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 105 62. To start a chat session, a user connects to a chat server through a program called a chat ____. a. servlet c. matrix b. applet d. client ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 105 63. VoIP ____. a. uses a slow speed dial-up connection b. uses the public switched telephone network c. also is called Internet telephony d. all of the above ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 106 64. ____ enables users to speak to other users over the Internet. a. IrDA c. TCP/IP b. VoIP d. Telnet ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 106 65. ____ is the process of transferring documents, graphics, and other objects from a computer to a server on the Internet. a. Uploading c. Downloading b. Streaming d. Flowing ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 107 66. A computer that stores and distributes newsgroup messages is called a ____. a. news client c. news server b. newsreader d. newsmonger ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 107 67. In a newsgroup, a ____ consists of the original article and all subsequent related replies. a. magnet c. flame b. link d. thread ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 107 68. A newsreader enables users to access a newsgroup to read previously entered messages, called ____. a. stories c. series b. features d. articles ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 107 69. In a newsgroup, a ____ consists of the original article and all subsequent related replies. a. message cluster c. cloud b. link d. thread ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 107 70. A popular Web-based type of discussion group that does not require a newsreader is a(n) ____. a. online index c. browser b. Telnet reader d. message board ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 107 71. FTP sites can be ____, whereby anyone can transfer some, if not all, available files. a. identified c. named b. anonymous d. signed ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 107 72. ____ is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet. a. Telnet c. IM b. FTP d. Webcasting ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 107 73. A ____ is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using the FTP protocol. a. server c. client b. network d. base unit ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 107 74. A(n) ____ is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject. a. newsgroup c. real area b. blueprint d. talk space ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 107 75. A(n) ____ consists of an original newsgroup article and all subsequent related replies. a. link c. aggregate b. index d. thread ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 107 76. A ____ is a message that reveals a solution to a game or ending to a movie or program. a. spoiler c. flame b. disruptor d. chat ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 108 77. ____ is the code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet; that is, it is the con- duct expected of individuals while online. a. Netiquette c. Internet behavior b. Web politesse d. Web civility ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 108 78. ____ is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup article sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once. a. An emoticon c. A flame b. Spam d. FAQ ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 108 79. Use ____, such as :) or :( , to express emotion in an e-mail message or newsgroup article. a. spam c. emoticons b. FAQs d. flames ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 108 80. According to netiquette, Internet users should assume ____. a. all material is accurate b. all material is up-to-date c. the use of all capital letters is the equivalent of shouting d. all of the above ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 108 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. Links on a Web page allow users to obtain information in a linear way. _________________________ ANS: F, nonlinear PTS: 1 REF: 83 2. To remind you visually that you have clicked a link, a text link often changes size after it is clicked. _________________________ ANS: F, color PTS: 1 REF: 84 3. The difference between a wiki and a site like the one in the accompanying figure is that users cannot modify original posts on a wiki. _________________________ ANS: F, blog PTS: 1 REF: 90 4. A(n) entertainment Web site contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea. _________________________ ANS: F, advocacy PTS: 1 REF: 91 5. The more compressed the graphics file, the smaller the image and the higher the quality. _________________________ ANS: F, lower PTS: 1 REF: 93 6. Smaller file sizes result in faster downloading of Web pages because small files transmit more quickly than large files. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 93 7. The goal with TIFF graphics is to reach a balance between image quality and file size. _________________________ ANS: F, JPEG PTS: 1 REF: 93 8. The JPEG format works best for images that have only a few distinct colors. _________________________ ANS: F, GIF PTS: 1 REF: 93 9. A user name can be the same as other user names in the same domain. _________________________ ANS: F, cannot PTS: 1 REF: 102 10. For IM to work, both parties must be online at the same time. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 104 MULTIPLE RESPONSE Modified Multiple Choice 1. In 1986, the National Science Foundation (NSF) connected its huge network of five supercomputer centers, called NSFnet, to ____. a. the Web c. the IPnet b. ARPANET d. DNS ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 75 2. The mission of ____ is to contribute to the growth of the Web. a. the W3C c. the NSF b. ARPA d. ICANN ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 76 3. On the Internet, a user�s computer is a client that can access ____ on a variety of servers. a. hardware c. data b. information d. services ANS: B, C, D PTS: 1 4. A Web address can include ____. a. the path to a location on a Web page b. protocol ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 78 c. the path to a specific Web page d. domain name REF: 82 5. A news Web site contains newsworthy material including stories and articles relating to ____. a. current events c. the weather b. money d. sports ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 89 6. Many United States government agencies have informational Web sites providing ____. a. advocacy c. census data b. the congressional budget d. tax codes ANS: B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 89 7. The ____ format has smaller files sizes, never require special viewer software, and thus are used on the Web frequently. a. BMP c. TIFF b. GIF d. PNG ANS: B, D PTS: 1 REF: 93 8. E-mail messages can include a(n) ____ as an attachment. a. browser c. graphic b. audio clip d. video clip ANS: B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 102 9. An FTP site is a collection of files including ____ that reside on an FTP server. a. text c. video clips b. program files d. graphics ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 107 10. According to netiquette, in ____ users should avoid sending flames, which are abusive or insulting messages, and not participate in flame wars, which are exchanges of flames. a. Telnet sessions c. chat rooms b. e-mail d. newsgroups ANS: B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 108 TRUE/FALSE 1. One of the major reasons business, home, and other users purchase computers is for Internet access. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 74 2. No single person, company, institution, or government agency controls or owns the Internet. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 76 3. A satellite Internet service provides Internet connections using regular copper telephone lines. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 76 4. Dial-up access is no longer used for connecting to the Internet. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 76 5. Fixed wireless is a baseband Internet connection. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 76 6. Hot spots are businesses that provide individuals and companies access to the Internet free or for a fee, usually a fixed monthly amount. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 77 7. AOL differs from many OSPs in that it provides gateway functionality to the Internet, meaning it regu- lates the Internet services to which members have access. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 78 8. Despite their larger size, national ISPs usually offer fewer services and have a smaller technical sup- port staff than regional ISPs. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 78 9. The fees for using an OSP sometimes are slightly higher than fees for an ISP. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 78 10. Like an IP address, the components of a domain name are separated by commas. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 79 11. In general, the first portion of each IP address identifies the specific computer and the last portion identifies the network. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 79 12. Every domain name contains a master domain, which identifies the type of organization associated with the domain. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 80 13. A TCP server is an Internet server that usually is associated with an Internet access provider. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 80 14. To help minimize errors, most current browsers and Web sites do not require the http:// and www por- tions of a Web address. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 82 15. When a Web address is entered, a user sends, or pushes, information to a Web server. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 83 16. Some Web servers can pull content from a user�s computer at regular intervals or whenever updates are made to the site. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 83 17. Most current Web browsers support tabbed browsing, where the top of the browser displays a tab for each Web page you open. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 84 18. Text links may be underlined and/or displayed in a color different from other text on the Web page. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 84 19. The two most commonly used search tools are subject directories and keywords. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 85 20. Thousands of resources like the one illustrated in the accompanying figure are available. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 85 21. Each hit in the list returned by a resource like that in the accompanying figure has a link that, when clicked, displays the associated Web site or Web page. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 87 22. One technique to improve Web searches as shown in the accompanying figure is to use general nouns and put the less specific terms first in the search text. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 88 23. The asterisk search engine operator allows the substitution of characters in place of the asterisk. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 87 24. The major disadvantage with a Web site like the one in the accompanying figure is that users have dif- ficulty deciding which categories to choose as they work through the menus of links presented. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 88 25. JPEG is a format that expands graphics to increase their file size, which means the file takes up less storage space. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 93 26. Simple audio applications on the Web consist of individual audio files available for downloading to a computer. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 94 27. It is legal to download copyrighted music regardless of whether the song�s copyright holder has gran- ted permission for users to download and play the song. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 94 28. Podcasting is a popular method of distributing video. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 94 29. In the past, e-commerce transactions were conducted primarily using mobile computers and devices. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 98 30. Some people use the term m-commerce (mobile commerce) to identify e-commerce that takes place using mobile devices. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 98 31. Businesses seldom provide goods or services to other businesses, so little e-commerce takes place between businesses. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 100 32. Gmail and Windows Live Hotmail are two popular free e-mail Web applications. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 101 33. When a user sends an e-mail message, an outgoing mail server that is operated by the user�s Internet access provider determines how to route the message through the Internet and then sends the message. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 103 34. As a user receives an e-mail message, an incoming mail server � operated by the user�s Internet ac- cess provider � sends the messages directly to the user�s computer. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 103 35. Computers cannot get a virus through e-mail. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 103 36. To add an e-mail name and address to a mailing list, a user unsubscribes from it. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 103 37. To use IM, a user may have to install instant messenger software on the computer or device he or she plans to use. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 105 38. In a chat room, others connected to the same chat room server see what a user has typed. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 105 39. Today�s browsers seldom include a chat client. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 105 40. To start a chat session, you connect to a chat server through a program called instant messenger. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 105 41. Some operating systems include an instant messenger. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 105 42. Calls to other parties with the same Internet telephone service often are free. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 106 43. Large files on FTP sites often are uncompressed (unzipped) to reduce storage space and download time. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 107 44. Newsgroup members can add articles of their own. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 107 45. Newsgroup members frequently add articles as a reply to another article � either to answer a question or to comment on material in the original article. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 107 46. Some Web sites that sponsors newsgroups have a built-in newsreader. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 107 47. A popular Web-based type of discussion group that does not require a newsreader is a message board. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 107 48. A computer that stores and distributes newsgroup messages is called a newsreader. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 107 49. Many Web sites use newsgroups instead of message boards because they are easier to use. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 107 50. According to netiquette, Internet users should assume all material is accurate and up-to-date. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 108 COMPLETION 1. In the accompanying figure, which shows common ways to access the Internet, a(n) ____________________ usually provides Internet access to a specific geographic area. ANS: regional ISP PTS: 1 REF: 78 2. In the accompanying figure, which shows common ways to access the Internet, a(n) ____________________ is a larger business, such as AT&T and EarthLink, that provides Internet ac- cess in cities and towns nationwide. ANS: national ISP PTS: 1 REF: 78 3. In the accompanying figure, which shows common ways to access the Internet, a(n) ____________________ has many members-only features, such as special content and services, in ad- dition to providing Internet access. ANS: online service provider OSP PTS: 1 REF: 78 4. In the accompanying figure, which shows common ways to access the Internet, a(n) ____________________ is a company that provides access to users with Internet-enabled mobile devices. ANS: wireless Internet service provider WISP PTS: 1 REF: 78 5. The major carriers of network traffic on the Internet are known collectively as the ____________________. ANS: Internet backbone PTS: 1 REF: 78 6. Of Boingo Wireless, Verizon Wireless, Spring Broadband Direct, and Wi-Fi Mobile, all are wireless Internet service providers EXCEPT ____________________. ANS: Wi-Fi Mobile PTS: 1 REF: 78 7. A(n) ____________________ address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet. ANS: IP Internet Protocol PTS: 1 REF: 79 8. A(n) ____________________ name is the text version of an IP address. ANS: domain PTS: 1 REF: 79 9. In an IP address, the number in each group is between 0 and ____________________. ANS: 255 PTS: 1 REF: 79 10. When a user specifies a domain name, a(n) ____________________ translates the domain name to its associated IP address so data can route to the correct computer. ANS: DNS server PTS: 1 REF: 80 11. The group that assigns and controls top-level domains is the ____________________. ANS: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN PTS: 1 REF: 80 12. The ____________________ is the method that the Internet uses to store domain names and their cor- responding IP addresses. ANS: DNS domain name system PTS: 1 REF: 80 13. Visitors to a(n) ____________________Web page all see the same content. ANS: static PTS: 1 REF: 81 14. Of Firefox, PowerPoint, Opera, and Internet Explorer, all are widely used Web browsers for personal computers except ____________________. ANS: PowerPoint PTS: 1 REF: 81 15. Visitors to a(n) ____________________ Web page can customize some or all of the content, such as stock quotes, weather, or ticket availability. ANS: dynamic PTS: 1 REF: 81 16. To view Web pages, you need a computer that is connected to the Internet and that has a(n) ____________________. ANS: browser Web browser PTS: 1 REF: 81 17. ____________________ is the process of a computer receiving information, such as a Web page, from a server on the Internet. ANS: Downloading PTS: 1 REF: 82 18. In a Web address, the ____________________ is a set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the Internet. ANS: http Hypertext Transfer Protocol PTS: 1 REF: 82 19. A more common usage of the term, ____________________ page, refers to the first page that a Web site displays. ANS: home PTS: 1 REF: 82 20. A Web page has a unique address, called a(n) ____________________. ANS: URL uniform resource locator PTS: 1 REF: 82 21. A(n) ____________________ is a built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page. ANS: hyperlink link PTS: 1 REF: 82 22. Some people use the phrase, ____________________ the Web, to refer to the activity of using links to explore the Web. ANS: surfing PTS: 1 REF: 83 23. When viewing a Web page, pointing to, or positioning the pointer on, a(n) ____________________ on the screen typically changes the shape of the pointer to a small hand with a pointing index finger. ANS: link hyperlink PTS: 1 REF: 83 24. To activate a link on a Web page, a user clicks it, that is, points to the link and then presses the ____________________ button. ANS: left mouse PTS: 1 REF: 84 25. On the Web, a(n) ____________________ directory classifies Web pages in an organized set of cat- egories, such as sports or shopping, and related subcategories. ANS: subject PTS: 1 REF: 85 26. ____________________ are particularly helpful in locating pages about certain topics, require that you enter search text, and allow you to use operators to refine a search. ANS: Search engines PTS: 1 REF: 85 27. Many portals have a(n) ____________________, which is a Web site that joins a specific group of people with similar interests or relationships. ANS: online community PTS: 1 REF: 89 28. A(n) ____________________ portal is a portal specifically designed for Internet-enabled mobile devices. ANS: wireless PTS: 1 REF: 89 29. A(n) ____________________ Web site contains content that promotes or sells products or services. ANS: business/marketing PTS: 1 REF: 89 30. The term ____________________ refers to the worldwide collection of Web sites like the one in the accompanying figure. ANS: blogosphere PTS: 1 REF: 90 31. Like the one in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____________________ Web site uses a diary or journ- al format, and is an informal site consisting of time-stamped articles. ANS: blog PTS: 1 REF: 90 32. Like the one in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____________________ is an informal Web site con- sisting of time-stamped articles in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological or- der. ANS: blog PTS: 1 REF: 90 33. A(n) ____________________ is usually open to modification by the general public. ANS: wiki PTS: 1 REF: 90 34. A(n) ____________________ is a collaborative Web site that allows users to add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser. ANS: wiki PTS: 1 REF: 90 35. A(n) ____________________ Web site offers exciting, challenging avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning. ANS: educational PTS: 1 REF: 91 36. ____________________ is a specification sometimes used by content aggregators to distribute con- tent. ANS: RSS 2.0 PTS: 1 REF: 92 37. A content ____________________ is a business that gathers and organizes Web content and then dis- tributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee. ANS: aggregator PTS: 1 REF: 92 38. Of the graphics formats that exist on the Web, the two more common are ____________________ and JPEG formats because of their smaller file sizes. ANS: GIF Graphics Interchange Format PTS: 1 REF: 93 39. Many Web pages use ____________________, which is the appearance of motion created by display- ing a series of still images in sequence. ANS: animation PTS: 1 REF: 94 40. ____________________ audio enables users to listen to music as it downloads to their computers. ANS: Streaming PTS: 1 REF: 94 MATCHING Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition. a. Internet2 k. thread b. WISP l. VoIP c. Wi-Fi m. spoiler d. FTTP n. mailing list e. DSL o. operator f. IP address p. subscribe g. OSP q. domain name h. ISP i. W3C j. access provider r. FTP s. animation t. search engines 1. Can be short-lived or continue for some time, depending on the nature of the topic and the interest of the newsgroup participants. 2. A message that reveals a solution to a game or the ending to a movie or program. 3. Uses the Internet instead of the public switched telephone network to connect a calling party to one or more called parties. 4. Person in a chat room with the responsibility for monitoring the conversation and disconnecting any- one who becomes disruptive. 5. When a message is sent to one of these, every person on the list receives a copy of the message in his or her mailbox. 6. If a user likes the discussion in a particular newsgroup, he or she can do this, which means its location is saved in the user�s newsreader for easy future access. 7. Many operating systems include these capabilities. 8. Your Internet service provider supplies this, for an e-mail address. 9. Used to make Web pages more visually interesting or draw attention to important information or links. 10. Particularly helpful in locating Web pages about certain topics or in locating specific pages for which a user does not know the exact Web address. 11. A not-for-profit research and development project that connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network. 12. Kind of network that uses radio signals to provide high-speed Internet connections to compatible devices. 13. Type of broadband Internet service that uses fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access to home and business users 14. Type of broadband connection that provides high-speed Internet connections using regular copper tele- phone lines 15. Oversees research and sets standards and guidelines for many areas of the Internet. 16. A business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee. 17. A company that provides wireless Internet access to desktop and notebook computers, for example. 18. A regional or national access provider 19. Provides members-only features such as instant messaging in addition to Internet access 20. A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: K M L O N P R Q S T A C D E I J PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 107 108 106 105 103 103 107 102 94 85 76 76 76 76 76 77 17. 18. 19. 20. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: B H G F PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: 78 78 78 79 CASE Critical Thinking Questions Case 1 You are taking an economics class, as part of which you are studying the various types of e-commerce. 1. As part of your research, you�ve learned that vending machines in Japan allow shoppers to hold their cell phones in front of the machine in order to make a purchase using the smart phone. Which of the following types of commerce does this exemplify? a. C2C c. B2B b. m-commerce d. C2B ANS: b. PTS: 1 REF: 98 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. A major search engine is preparing to provide Web-based purchasing, tracking, and transaction down- loading capabilities to corporations. What kind of commerce is this an example of? a. B2B c. B2C b. m-commerce d. C2C ANS: a. PTS: 1 REF: 100 TOP: Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Questions Case 2 You�ve just moved to a new community and are investigating options in terms of online service pro- viders where you are now living. 3. Which of the following is NOT true? a. A regional ISP usually provides Internet access to a specific geographic area. c. The access provider for high-speed access charges between $13 to $120 per month. ANS: d. b. Due to their larger size, national ISPs usu- ally offer more services and have a larger technical support staff than regional ISPs. d. Examples of regional ISPs are AT&T and EarthLink. PTS: 1 REF: 77-78 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. You have decided you would like an access provider than offers a number of members-only features in addition to just e-mail access. However, you are not interested in gateway functionality, as you do not want to have your access to Internet services regulated. Which of the following is your best option? a. AOL c. MSN b. EarthLink d. Both A and C ANS: c. PTS: 1 REF: 78 TOP: Critical Thinking ESSAY 1. Discuss what a broadband connection is, and how it differs from a dial-up connection, and review the types of broadband connections. ANS: Many home and small business users are opting for high-speed broadband Internet connections through cable Internet service, DSL, FTTP, fixed wireless, Wi-Fi, cellular radio networks, or satellite Internet service. With broadband Internet service, your computer or mobile device usually is connected to the Internet the entire time it is powered on. � Cable Internet service provides high-speed Internet access through the cable television network via a cable modem. � DSL (digital subscriber line) is a technology that provides high-speed Internet connections using reg- ular telephone lines. � Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) uses fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access to home and business users. � Fixed wireless high-speed Internet connections use a dish-shaped antenna on your house or business to communicate with a tower location via radio signals. � A cellular radio network offers high-speed Internet connections to devices with built-in compatible technology or computers with wireless modems. � A Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) network uses radio signals to provide Internet connections to wireless computers and devices. � A satellite Internet service provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite to a satellite dish that communicates with a satellite modem. Instead of using broadband Internet service, however, some home users connect to the Internet via dial-up access, which is a slower-speed technology. Dial-up access takes places when the modem in your computer connects to the Internet via a standard telephone line that transmits data and informa- tion using an analog (continuous wave pattern) signal. Users may opt for dial-up access because of its lower price or because broadband access is not available in their area. PTS: 1 REF: 76 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. Explain in detail what the Web is, and include all relevant key terms in your explanation ANS: Although many people use the terms World Wide Web and Internet interchangeably, the World Wide Web actually is a service of the Internet. While the Internet was developed in the late 1960s, the World Wide Web emerged in the early 1990s. Since then, it has grown phenomenally to become one of the more widely used Internet services. The World Wide Web (WWW), or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents. Each electronic document on the Web is called a Web page, which can contain text, graphics, audio, and video. Additionally, Web pages usually have built-in connec- tions to other documents. Some Web pages are static (fixed); others are dynamic (changing). Visitors to a static Web page all see the same content. With a dynamic Web page, by contrast, visitors can cus- tomize some or all of the viewed content such as desired stock quotes, weather for a region, or ticket availability for flights. A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items, such as documents and pictures, stored on a Web server. A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer. The same Web server can store multiple Web sites. Some industry ex- perts use the term Web 2.0 to refer to Web sites that allow users to modify Web site content, provide a means for users to share personal information, and have application software built into the site for vis- itors to use. PTS: 1 REF: 80-81 TOP: Critical Thinking 3. Define at least seven of the different types of Web sites, giving examples wherever possible and defin- ing all relevant terms. ANS: Thirteen types of Web sites are portal, news, informational, business/marketing, educational, entertain- ment, advocacy, blog, wiki, online social network, content aggregator, and personal. Many Web sites fall in more than one of these categories. PORTAL A portal is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient loc- ation. Most portals offer the following free services: search engine and/or subject directory; news; sports and weather; Web publishing; reference tools such as yellow pages, stock quotes, and maps; shopping; and e-mail and other forms of online communications. Many portals have online communit- ies. An online community is a Web site that joins a specific group of people with similar interests or relationships. These communities may offer online photo albums, chat rooms, and other services to fa- cilitate communications among members. Popular portals include AltaVista, AOL, Excite, GO.com, LookSmart, Lycos, MSN, NBCi, Netscape, and Yahoo!. A wireless portal is a portal designed for In- ternet-enabled mobile devices. NEWS A news Web site contains newsworthy material including stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather. Many magazines and newspapers sponsor Web sites that provide summaries of printed articles, as well as articles not included in the printed versions. Newspa- pers and television and radio stations are some of the media that maintain news Web sites. INFORMATIONAL An informational Web site contains factual information. Many United States government agencies have informational Web sites providing information such as census data, tax codes, and the congressional budget. Other organizations provide information such as public transport- ation schedules and published research findings. BUSINESS/MARKETING A business/marketing Web site contains content that promotes or sells products or services. Nearly every business has a business/marketing Web site. Allstate Insurance Company, Dell Inc., General Motors Corporation, Kraft Foods Inc., and Walt Disney Company all have business/marketing Web sites. Many of these companies also allow you to purchase their products or services online. EDUCATIONAL An educational Web site offers exciting, challenging avenues for formal and inform- al teaching and learning. On the Web, you can learn how airplanes fly or how to cook a meal. For a more structured learning experience, companies provide online training to employees; and colleges of- fer online classes and degrees. Instructors often use the Web to enhance classroom teaching by pub- lishing course materials, grades, and other pertinent class information. ENTERTAINMENT An entertainment Web site offers an interactive and engaging environment. Pop- ular entertainment Web sites offer music, videos, sports, games, ongoing Web episodes, sweepstakes, chats, and more. Sophisticated entertainment Web sites often partner with other technologies. For ex- ample, you can cast your vote about a topic on a television show. ADVOCACY An advocacy Web site contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea. These Web sites usually present views of a particular group or association. Sponsors of advocacy Web sites include the Democratic National Committee, the Republican National Committee, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and the Society to Protect Human Rights. BLOG A blog, short for Weblog, is an informal Web site consisting of time-stamped articles in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order. A blog that contains video clips is called a video blog, or vlog. The term blogosphere refers to the worldwide collection of blogs, and the vlogosphere refers to all vlogs worldwide. Blogs reflect the interests, opinions, and personalities of the author, called the blogger or vlogger (for vlog author), and sometimes site visitors. Blogs have become an important means of worldwide communication. Businesses create blogs to communicate with em- ployees, customers, and vendors. Teachers create blogs to collaborate with other teachers and students. Home users create blogs to share aspects of their personal life with family, friends, and others. WEB APPLICATION A Web application, or Web app, is a Web site that allows users to interact with software through a Web browser or any computer or device that is connected to the Internet. Some Web applications provide free access to their software. Others offer part of their software free and charge for access to more comprehensive features or when a particular action is requested. Examples of Web applications include Google Docs, TurboTax Online, and Windows Live Hotmail. WIKI A wiki is a collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser. Most wikis are open to modification by the general. public. Wikis usually collect recent edits on a Web page so someone can review them for accuracy. The difference between a wiki and a blog is that users cannot modify original posts made by the blogger. A popular wiki is Wikipedia, a free Web encyclopedia. ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS An online social network, also called a social networking Web site, is a Web site that encourages members in its online community to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users. Most include chat rooms, newsgroups, and other communications services. Popular social networking Web sites include Facebook, Friendster, and MySpace, which alone has more than 12 million visitors each day. A media sharing Web site is a spe- cific type of online social network that enables members to share media such as photos, music, and videos. Flickr, Fotki, and Webshots are popular photo sharing communities; Google Video and You- Tube are popular video sharing communities. CONTENT AGGREGATOR A content aggregator is a business that gathers and organizes Web con- tent and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee. Examples of distributed content include news, music, video, and pictures. Subscribers select content in which they are inter- ested. Whenever this content changes, it is downloaded automatically (pushed) to the subscriber's com- puter or mobile device. RSS 2.0, which stands for Really Simple Syndication, is a specification that content aggregators use to distribute content to subscribers. Atom is another specification sometimes used by content aggregators to distribute content. PERSONAL A private individual or family not usually associated with any organization may maintain a personal Web site or just a single Web page. People publish personal Web pages for a variety of reasons. Some are job hunting. Others simply want to share life experiences with the world. PTS: 1 REF: 88-92 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. Outline the guidelines for evaluating a Web site. ANS: Do not assume that information presented on the Web is correct or accurate. Any person, company, or organization can publish a Web page on the Internet. No one oversees the content of these Web pages. The guidelines for assessing the value of a Web site or Web page before relying on its content are: Affiliation: A reputable institution should support the Web site without bias in the information. Audience: The Web site should be written at an appropriate level. Authority: The Web site should list the author and the appropriate credentials. Content: The Web site should be well organized and the links should work. Currency: The information on the Web page should be current. Design: The pages at the Web site should download quickly and be visually pleasing and easy to nav- igate. Objectivity: The Web site should contain little advertising and be free from preconceptions. PTS: 1 REF: 92 TOP: Critical Thinking 5. Explain what a chat room is and what IM is. ANS: Chat Rooms A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer. Real time means that you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time. A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other. Anyone in the chat room can participate in the conversation, which usually is specific to a particular topic. As you type on your keyboard, a line of characters and symbols is displayed on the computer screen. Others connected to the same chat room server also see what you have typed. Some chat rooms sup- port voice chats and video chats, in which people hear or see each other as they chat. To start a chat session, you connect to a chat server through a program called a chat client. Today�s browsers usually include a chat client. If yours does not, you can download a chat client from the Web. Some Web sites allow users to conduct chats without a chat client. Once you have installed a chat client, you can create or join a conversation on the chat server to which you are connected. The chat room should indicate the discussion topic. The person who creates a chat room acts as the operator and has responsibility for monitoring the conversation and disconnecting anyone who becomes disruptive. Operator status can be shared or transferred to someone else. Instant Messaging Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and then allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat room with them. Some IM services support voice and video conversations. Many IM services also can alert you to information such as calendar appointments, stock quotes, weather, or sports scores. They also allow you to send pictures or other documents to a recipient. For IM to work, both parties must be on- line at the same time. Also, the receiver of a message must be willing to accept message. To use IM, you may have to install instant messenger software on the computer or device you plan to use. Some operating systems, such as Windows Vista, include an instant messenger. Popular IM software in- cludes AIM (AOL Instant Messenger), Google Talk, MySpace IM, Windows Live Messenger, and Ya- hoo! Messenger. Few IM programs follow IM standards. PTS: 1 REF: 104-105 TOP: Critical Thinking 6. Discuss FTP, including all relevant terms in your explanation. ANS: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading (transferring) with other computers on the Internet. Uploading is the opposite of downloading; that is, uploading is the process of transferring documents, graphics, and other objects from your computer to a server on the Internet. Web page authors, for example, often use FTP to upload their Web pages to a Web server. Many operating systems include FTP capabilities. If yours does not, you can download FTP programs from the Web, usually for a small fee. An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP. An FTP site is a collection of files including text, graphics, audio clips, video clips, and program files that reside on an FTP server. Many FTP sites have anonym- ous FTP, whereby anyone can transfer some, if not all, available files. Some FTP sites restrict file transfers to those who have authorized accounts (user names and passwords) on the FTP server. Large files on FTP sites often are compressed to reduce storage space and download time. Before you can use a compressed (zipped) file, you must uncompress (unzip) it. PTS: 1 REF: 107 TOP: Critical Thinking Chapter 4: The Components of the System Unit MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. On ____, the electronic components and most storage devices are part of the system unit and other devices, such as the keyboard, mouse, and monitor, normally occupy space outside the system unit. a. desktop personal computers c. mobile devices b. notebook computers d. all of the above ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 210 2. The cases of the system unit, sometimes called the ____, is made of metal or plastic and protects the internal electronic components from damage. a. form factor c. motherboard b. chassis d. chip ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 210 3. The ____ unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data. a. system c. control b. master d. base ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 210 4. The ____ board is the main circuit board of the system unit. a. control c. master b. system d. index ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 212 5. A computer ____ is a small piece of semi-conducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated cir- cuits are etched. a. plug c. chip b. port d. roster ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 212 6. A(n) ____ circuit, which is etched on a computer chip, contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical current. a. indexed c. calibrated b. systematized d. integrated ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 212 7. A(n) ____, which is contained on an integrated circuit, can act as an electronic switch that opens or closes the circuit for electrical charges. a. transistor c. capacitor b. switcher d. resistor ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 212 8. Some computer and chip manufacturers use the term ____ to refer to a personal computer processor chip. a. microprocessor c. coprocessor b. parallel processor d. perpendicular processor ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 213 9. The ____ interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. a. control unit c. CPU b. binary device d. compressor ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 213 10. A(n) ____ processor is a chip with two or more separate processors. a. parallel c. multi-core b. compressed d. binary ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 213 11. The ____ unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. a. control c. compression b. concatenation d. micro ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 214 12. The ____ is the component of the processor that performs arithmetic, comparison, and other opera- tions. a. machine unit c. ALU b. control unit d. CPU ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 214 13. In the machine cycle steps illustrated in the accompanying figure, ____ is the process of obtaining a program instruction or data item from memory. a. fetching c. executing b. decoding d. storing ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 215 14. In the machine cycle steps illustrated in the accompanying figure, the term ____ refers to the process of translating instructions into signals the computer can execute. a. fetching c. executing b. decoding d. storing ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 215 15. In the machine cycle steps illustrated in the accompanying figure, ____ is the process of carrying out commands. a. fetching c. executing b. decoding d. storing ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 215 16. Together, four operations (fetching, decoding, executing, and storing) comprise a(n) ____ cycle. a. baseline c. registration b. machine d. pipeline ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 215 17. With ____, the processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction. a. clocking c. pipelining b. multi-core processing d. recatching ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 215 18. The pace of the system clock, called the ____ speed, is measured by the number of ticks per second. a. temporal c. processor b. system d. clock ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 216 19. A processor contains small high-speed storage locations, called ____, that temporarily hold data and instructions. a. indices c. capacitors b. switchers d. registers ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 216 20. The processor relies on a small quartz crystal circuit called the ____ clock to control the timing of all computer operations. a. system c. unit b. master d. control ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 216 21. Each tick of the system clock equates to a ____. a. clock shot c. clock rhythm b. clock spring ANS: D d. clock cycle PTS: 1 REF: 216 22. One gigahertz (GHz) equals one ____ ticks of the system clock per second. a. thousand c. billion b. million d. trillion ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 216 23. The faster the clock speed, the more ____ the processor can execute per second. a. registers c. arguments b. functions d. instructions ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 216 24. Most high-performance PCs use some type of processor in the Intel ____ family. a. Core c. Xeon b. Celeron d. Itanium ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 216 25. AMD is the leading manufacturer of ____-compatible processors, which have an internal design simil- ar to Intel processors, perform the same functions, can be as powerful, but often are less expensive. a. Macintosh c. Celeron b. Intel d. Xeon ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 216 26. A type of processor called ____ on a chip integrates the functions of a processor, memory, and a video card on a single chip. a. computer c. Itanium b. system d. control unit ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 218 27. A(n) ____ is a small ceramic or metal component with fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical components such as a processor. a. liquid cooler c. control unit b. system brake d. heat sink ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 219 28. ____ technology uses a continuous flow of fluid(s), such as water and glycol, in a process that trans- fers the heated fluid away from the processor. a. Memory c. Fluid infusion b. Dynamic heat transfer d. Liquid cooling ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 219 29. ____ consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processed data (information). a. Concepting c. Concatenation b. Dynamism d. Memory ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 223 30. The role of memory to store both data and programs is known as the ____ concept. a. stored program c. ROM b. random memory d. store and send ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 223 31. ____ is the most common type of volatile memory. a. ROM c. CMOS b. Flash memory d. RAM ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 223 32. The accompanying figure shows a(n) ____ module, which is a small circuit board where RAM chips usually reside, being inserted into the motherboard. a. index c. insertion b. memory d. cooling ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 225 33. In the accompanying figure, memory ____ on the motherboard hold the memory modules. a. slots c. sleeves b. contacts d. pins ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 225 34. With a type of memory module called a(n) ____, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, the pins on opposite sides of the circuit board do not connect and thus form two sets of contacts. a. SIMM c. DIMM b. RIMM d. CIMM ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 225 35. Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) chips ____. a. transfer data twice for each clock cycle, when compared to DRAM b. are synchronized to the system clock c. do not have to be re-energized as often as DRAM chips d. use pipelining techniques ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 225 36. Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM) chips are even faster than SDRAM chips because they ____. a. transfer data twice for each clock cycle c. do not have to be re-energized as often b. are synchronized to the system clock d. use pipelining techniques ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 225 37. Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) chips are another type of DRAM chips that are much faster than SDRAM chips because they ____. a. transfer data twice for each clock cycle c. do not have to be re-energized as often b. are synchronized to the system clock d. use pipelining techniques ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 225 38. A ____ has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board that connect together to form one set of contacts. a. DIMM (dual inline memory module) c. RIMM (Rambus inline memory module) b. SIMM (single inline memory module) d. CIMM (Cantus inline memory module) ANS: B PTS: 1 39. A ____ houses RDRAM chips. a. DIMM (dual inline memory module) b. SIMM (single inline memory module) ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 225 c. RIMM (Rambus inline memory module) d. CIMM (Cantus inline memory module) REF: 225 40. Generally, home users using basic application software such as word processing should have ____ of RAM. a. 2 GB or less c. 2 GB to 8 GB b. 4 GB d. 8 GB and up ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 226 41. ____ is built directly into a processor chip and usually has a very small capacity. a. L1 cache c. L3 cache b. L2 cache d. L4 cache ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 227 42. Current processors include advanced transfer cache, a type of ____ built directly on a processor chip. a. L1 cache c. L3 cache b. L2 cache d. L4 cache ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 227 43. ____ is a cache separate from the processor chip on the motherboard. a. L1 cache b. L2 cache ANS: C c. L3 cache d. L4 cache PTS: 1 REF: 227 44. ROM chips called ____ contain permanently written data, instructions, or information that is recorded when the chip is manufactured. a. L1 cache c. firmware b. Flash memory d. microcode ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 228 45. Programmers use ____ instructions to program a PROM chip. a. microcode c. firmware b. L1 cache d. Flash memory ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 228 46. ____ is a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and reprogrammed, similar to EEPROM. a. Flash memory c. firmware b. L1 cache d. microcode ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 228 47. As shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____ card is a circuit board that enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals. a. peripheral b. adapter ANS: B c. conversion d. microcode PTS: 1 REF: 230 48. Many of today�s computers support ____, which means the computer automatically can configure ad- apter cards like the one in the accompanying figure and other peripherals as users install them. a. concatenation c. daisy chaining b. peripherals d. Plug and Play ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 231 49. A(n) ____, such as a keyboard or printer, is a device that connects to the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer. a. graphics unit c. peripheral b. output system d. video card ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 230 50. A(n) ____ card converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monit- or, which displays an image on the screen. a. output c. express b. video d. PC ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 230 51. Notebook and other mobile computers have at least one ____ slot, which is a special type of expansion slot. a. Flash c. integrated b. ExpressCard d. embedded ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 231 52. ExpressCard modules are the next generation of ____ Cards. a. Flash c. integrated b. PC d. embedded ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 231 53. A(n) ____ module is a removable flash memory device about one-half the size of a PC Card that adds memory, communications, and multimedia capabilities to mobile computers. a. Flash c. integrated b. ExpressCard d. embedded ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 231 54. A(n) ____ card is a removable device that allows users to transfer data and information conveniently from mobile devices to their desktop computers. a. cached c. integrated b. USB d. memory ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 231 55. A(n) ____ flash drive is a flash memory device that plugs in a port like the one shown in the accompa- nying figure on a computer or portable device. a. peripheral c. embedded b. fixed d. USB ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 231 56. A(n) ____ drive like that in the accompanying figure fits into a port that is itself an interface that can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector. a. hub c. daisy b. USB d. smart ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 234 57. A USB ____ is a device that plugs in a USB port on the system unit like the one in the accompanying figure and contains multiple USB ports in which users plug cables from USB devices. a. hub c. link b. router d. modem ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 234 58. A(n) ____ changer is a device that enables users to join two connectors that are both female or both male. a. gender c. interpolation b. MTF d. FTM ANS: A PTS: 1 59. Hi-Speed USB is also known as ____. a. USB 1.0 b. USB 2.0 ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 232 c. USB 3.0 d. USB 3.5 REF: 234 60. A ____ port was formerly referred to as an IEEE 1394 port. a. serial c. FireWire b. USB d. parallel ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 234 61. A FireWire ____ is a device that plugs in a FireWire port on the system unit like the one in the accom- panying figure and contains multiple FireWire ports in which users plug cables from FireWire devices. a. hub c. link b. router d. modem ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 234 62. Bluetooth technology is ____. a. similar to a USB port in that it can connect multiple types of devices that require faster data transmission speeds b. a special high-speed parallel port that allows users to attach peripherals such as disk drives and printers c. a special type of serial port that connects the system unit to a musical instrument d. an alternative to IrDA that uses radio waves to transmit data between two devices ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 234 63. A special type of serial port that connects the system unit to a musical instrument, such as an electronic keyboard, is called a(n) ____ port. a. FireWire b. USB ANS: C c. MIDI d. audio PTS: 1 REF: 235 64. A(n) ____, which can be a peripheral or a chip, creates sound from digital instructions. a. external bus c. internal bus b. synthesizer d. audiometer ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 235 65. A SCSI port is ____. a. similar to a USB port in that it can connect multiple types of devices that require faster data transmission speeds b. a special high-speed parallel port that allows users to attach peripherals such as disk drives and printers c. a special type of serial port that connects the system unit to a musical instrument d. an alternative to IrDA that uses radio waves to transmit data between two devices ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 235 66. For a wireless device to transmit signals via infrared light waves, both the computer and the device must have a(n) ____ port. a. IrDa c. USB b. FireWire d. either b or c ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 235 67. Within the circuitry of a computer, each channel along which bits transfer, called a(n) ____, allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other. a. charter c. bus b. gender changer d. word ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 237 68. The size of a bus, called the bus ____, determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time. a. diameter c. circumference b. width d. interpolation ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 237 69. ____ size is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time. a. Bus c. Data b. Byte d. Word ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 237 70. The wider the bus, the ____ the transfer of data. a. greater the number of transfer steps required and the slower b. greater the number of transfer steps required and the faster c. fewer the number of transfer steps required and the slower d. fewer the number of transfer steps required and the faster ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 237 71. The PCI bus is ____. a. the most common and slowest expansion bus b. a bus designed by Intel to improve the speed with which 3-D graphics and video transmit c. a high-speed expansion bus that connects higher speed devices d. a bus that eliminates the need to install cards into expansion slots ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 238 72. The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is ____. a. the most common and slowest expansion bus b. a bus designed to improve the speed with which 3-D graphics and video transmit c. a high-speed expansion bus that connects higher speed devices d. a bus that eliminates the need to install cards into expansion slots ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 238 73. The USB (universal serial bus) and FireWire bus are ____. a. the most common and slowest expansion buses b. buses designed to improve the speed with which 3-D graphics and video transmit c. high-speed expansion buses that connect higher speed devices d. buses that eliminate the need to install cards in expansion slots ANS: D PTS: 1 74. ____ are installed in internal bays. a. CD drives b. Floppy disk drives ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 238 c. Zip drives d. Hard disk drives REF: 238 75. The ____ bus for a PC Card is the PC Card bus. a. expansion c. interpolated b. index d. power ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 238 76. A(n) ____ is an opening inside the system unit in which additional equipment can be installed. a. domain c. port b. supply d. bay ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 238 77. The power ____ is the component of the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into the DC power a computer requires. a. surge c. spotter b. supply d. changer ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 239 78. Some external peripherals such as an external modem, speakers, or a tape drive have an AC ____, which is an external power supply. a. link c. suppressor b. disk d. adapter ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 239 79. Preventive maintenance of your computer requires a few basic products, including ____. a. lint-free antistatic wipes and swabs c. screen cleaning solution b. antistatic wristband d. all of the above ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 240 80. The first step in cleaning a computer is ____. a. turn it off, unplug it, and unplug all cables from the ports b. vacuum the fan on the back of the computer case c. wipe the case with an antistatic wipe d. open the case ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 240 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. The electronic components and circuitry of the system unit, such as the processor and memory, usually are part of or are connected to a circuit board called the fatherboard. _________________________ ANS: F, motherboard PTS: 1 REF: 212 2. Giga is a prefix that stands for thousand, and hertz is one cycle per minute. _________________________ ANS: F, Mega PTS: 1 REF: 216 3. The system clock is one of the factors that influences a computer�s performance. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 216 4. Heat sinking uses a continuous flow of fluid to transfer the heated fluid away from the processor to a radiator-type grill. _________________________ ANS: F, Liquid cooling PTS: 1 REF: 219 5. Ubiquitous processing divides a problem into portions so that multiple processors work on their as- signed portion of the problem at the same time. _________________________ ANS: F, Parallel PTS: 1 REF: 220 6. Some applications draw on the idle time of home users� personal computers to achieve parallel pro- cessing. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 220 7. In the binary system, the digit 1 represents the electronic state of off (absence of an electronic charge). _________________________ ANS: F, 0 PTS: 1 REF: 221 8. Manufacturers state the size of memory chips and storage devices in terms of the number of bytes the chip or device has available for storage. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 223 9. Most personal computers and servers use Unicode. _________________________ ANS: F, ASCII PTS: 1 REF: 221 10. A port replicator is an external device that attached to a mobile computer or device and contains a power connection and provides connections to peripherals. _________________________ ANS: F, docking station PTS: 1 REF: 236 MULTIPLE RESPONSE Modified Multiple Choice 1. Each integrated circuit on a computer chip can contain millions of ____. a. receivers c. resistors b. transistors d. capacitors ANS: B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 212 2. The speed of the system clock has no effect on ____. a. printers c. disk drives b. USB flash drives d. processing speed ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 REF: 216 3. Most computers are digital and recognize a(n) ____ state. a. on c. off b. enhanced d. ASII ANS: A, C PTS: 1 REF: 221 4. Most business users who work with ____ should have between 2 GB and 8 GB of RAM. a. voice recognition software c. programs requiring multimedia capabilit- ies b. number-intensive accounting software d. word processing software ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 REF: 226 5. Flash memory chips store data and programs on many ____. a. portable media players c. digital voice recorders b. smart phones d. PDAs ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 6. Which of the following are peripherals? a. CPUs b. keyboards ANS: B, C, D PTS: 1 7. ____ is a type of adapter card. a. USB 2.0 b. A disk controller ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 228 c. modems d. scanners REF: 230 c. HDTV tuner d. A video capture card REF: 230 8. Depending on the type of SCSI, which stands for small computer system interface, users can daisy chain a maximum of ____ devices together. a. 7 c. 12 b. 8 d. 15 ANS: A, D PTS: 1 REF: 235 9. In most computers, ____ is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time. a. word size c. processor speed b. bus width d. sector size ANS: A, B PTS: 1 REF: 237 10. Most of today�s processors have a bus clock speed of ____ MHz. a. 400 c. 800 b. 667 d. 1600 ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 237 TRUE/FALSE 1. The case of the system unit is made of metal or plastic and protects the internal electronic components from damage. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 210 2. On a personal computer, the various functions performed by the processor extend over many separate chips and often multiple circuit boards. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 212 3. The arithmetic unit interprets each instruction issued by a program and then initiates the appropriate action to carry out the instruction. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 214 4. Comparison operations include basic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and di- vision. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 214 5. Arithmetic operations involve comparing one data item with another to determine whether the first item is greater than, equal to, or less than the other item. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 214 6. Processors that use pipelining are slower because they have to wait for one instruction to complete the machine cycle before fetching the next. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 215 7. Each processor on a multi-core chip generally runs at a slower clock speed than a single-core pro- cessor. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 216 8. Motorola is the leading manufacturer of Intel-compatible processors, which have an internal design similar to Intel processors, perform the same functions, and can be as powerful, but often are less ex- pensive. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 216 9. Replacing a motherboard is a fairly simple process, whereas replacing a processor is much more com- plicated. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 218 10. Some heat sinks are packaged as part of a processor chip. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 219 11. Some computers use more than one processor chip. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 220 12. A byte is uninformative because it provides only enough different combinations of 0s and 1s to repres- ent 8 individual characters. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 221 13. The combinations of 0s and 1s that represent characters are defined by patterns called a coding scheme. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 221 14. If a memory chip can store 100 KB, it can hold approximately 100,000 bytes. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 223 15. When the computer�s power is turned off, volatile memory does not lose its contents. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 223 16. The processor interprets and executes a program�s instructions while the program is in RAM. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 224 17. Saving is the process of copying items from a storage device such as a hard disk to RAM. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 225 18. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) chips are faster and more reliable than any version of SRAM chips. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 225 19. The amount of RAM necessary in a computer is unrelated to the type of software used. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 226 20. The more RAM a computer has, the faster the computer will respond. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 226 21. Two types of cache are memory cache and disk cache. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 227 22. L2 cache is slightly faster than L1 cache but has a much smaller capacity. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 227 23. When the processor needs an instruction or data, it searches memory in this order: L1 cache, then L2 cache, then L3 cache (if it exists), then RAM � with a greater delay in processing for each level it must search. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 227 PTS: 1 REF: 228 24. ROM is nonvolatile. ANS: T 25. Some portable media players store music on flash memory chips. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 228 26. Most computers use flash memory to hold their startup instructions because it allows the computer eas- ily to update its contents. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 228 27. RAM technology uses battery power to retain information even when the power to the computer is off. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 229 28. Manufacturers and other retailers usually list a computer�s memory in terms of its access time. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 229 29. A microsecond is one-trillionth of a second. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 229 30. The access time (speed) of memory has no affect on the overall performance of a computer. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 229 31. Some motherboards include all necessary capabilities and do not require adapter cards like the one in the accompanying figure. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 230 32. In the past, installing an adapter card like the one in the accompanying figure was not easy and re- quired users to set switches and other elements on the motherboard. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 230 33. Having Plug and Play support means you can plug in a device, turn on the computer, and then immedi- ately begin using the device. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 231 34. Smart phones use memory cards. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 231 35. Female connectors have one or more exposed pins, like the end of an electrical cord that is plugged into the wall. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 232 36. Manufacturers often identify cables by their connector types to assist users with purchasing a cable to connect to a peripheral. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 233 37. USB ports on a mobile device usually are the same size as those on personal computers. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 234 38. USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 are backward compatible, which means they support older USB devices as well as USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 devices. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 234 39. Hi-Speed USB is a more advanced and faster USB, with speeds 40 times higher than that of its prede- cessor. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 234 40. A FireWire port allows a user to connect up to 15 devices together. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 234 41. The latest FireWire version, called FireWire 3200, is much faster than the original FireWire 400. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 234 42. A system unit with a MIDI port has the capability of recording sounds that have been created by a syn- thesizer and then processing the sounds (the data) to create new sounds. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 235 43. Several devices that use IrDA ports use a high-speed IrDA port, sometimes called a fast infrared port. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 235 44. IrDA devices do not have to be aligned with each other. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 235 45. Buses transfer bits from input devices to memory, from memory to the processor, from the processor to memory, and from memory to output or storage devices. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 237 46. The data bus transfers information about where the data should reside in memory, and the address bus transfers actual data. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 237 47. The larger the number of bits handled by the bus, the slower the computer transfers data. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 237 48. Computers with a larger word size can process less data in the same amount of time than computers with a smaller word size. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 237 49. A system bus allows the processor to communicate with peripherals. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 237 50. A DC adapter converts the DC power from the wall outlet into the AC power that the peripheral re- quires. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 239 COMPLETION 1. Less expensive, basic PCs use a brand of Intel processor(s) in the ____________________ or Pentium family. ANS: Celeron PTS: 1 REF: 216 2. The ____________________ and Itanium processors are ideal for workstations and low-end servers. ANS: Xeon PTS: 1 REF: 216 3. To help consumers evaluate various processors, Intel and AMD now use a(n) ____________________ scheme that more accurately reflects the processing speed of their chips. ANS: numbering PTS: 1 REF: 217 4. Intel�s ____________________ technology provides the capability to track computer hardware and software, diagnose and resolve computer problems, and secure computers from outside threats. ANS: vPro PTS: 1 REF: 217 5. A(n) ____________________ program is written to run much faster than those in nonthreaded envir- onments. ANS: multi-threaded PTS: 1 REF: 217 6. Because a heat sink consumes a lot of space, a smaller device called a heat ____________________ cools processors in notebook computers. ANS: pipe PTS: 1 REF: 219 7. A method known as ____________________ processing uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single program or task. ANS: parallel PTS: 1 REF: 220 8. ____________________ processing is used by supercomputers for applications such as weather fore- casting. ANS: Parallel PTS: 1 REF: 220 9. ____________________ is the most widely used coding scheme used to represent data. ANS: American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) PTS: 1 REF: 221 10. ____________________ is a coding scheme capable of representing almost all of the world�s current written languages, as well as classic and historical languages. ANS: Unicode PTS: 1 REF: 221 11. The ____________________ system is a number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1, called bits. ANS: binary PTS: 1 REF: 221 12. A(n) ____________________ digit is the smallest unit of data the computer can process. ANS: binary PTS: 1 REF: 221 13. When 8 bits are grouped together as a unit, they form a(n) ____________________. ANS: byte PTS: 1 REF: 221 14. Each byte resides temporarily in a location in memory, called a(n) ____________________. ANS: address PTS: 1 REF: 223 15. ____________________ memory does not lose its contents when power is removed from the com- puter. ANS: Nonvolatile PTS: 1 REF: 223 16. ____________________ stores the data being processed and the resulting information. ANS: Memory PTS: 1 REF: 223 17. A(n) ____________________ is the basic storage unit in memory. ANS: byte PTS: 1 REF: 223 18. A(n) ____________________ is equal to exactly 1,024 bytes, but computer users often round it down to 1,000 bytes to simplify memory and storage definitions. ANS: kilobyte KB K PTS: 1 REF: 223 19. A(n) ____________________ is equal to approximately 1 million bytes. ANS: megabyte MB PTS: 1 REF: 223 20. A(n) ____________________ equals approximately 1 billion bytes. ANS: GB gigabyte PTS: 1 REF: 223 21. ____________________ is a DRAM variation that is designed for computers with multi-core pro- cessors. ANS: DDR3 PTS: 1 REF: 225 22. Most of today�s computers improve processing time with ____________________, which stores fre- quently used instructions and data. ANS: cache PTS: 1 REF: 227 23. ____________________ cache is a type of cache that helps speed the processes of a computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data. ANS: Programmable PTS: 1 REF: 227 24. ____________________ refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions. ANS: Read-only memory ROM Read-only memory (ROM) ROM (Read-only memory) PTS: 1 REF: 228 25. A(n) ____________________ chip is a blank ROM chip onto which a programmer can write perman- ently. ANS: PROM (programmable read-only memory) programmable read-only memory (PROM) programmable read-only memory PROM PTS: 1 REF: 228 26. A variation of the PROM chip, called a(n) ____________________ chip, allows a programmer to erase the microcode with an electrical signal. ANS: EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) PTS: 1 REF: 228 27. Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of memory chips use ____________________ technology because it provides high speeds and consumes little power. ANS: CMOS complementary metal-oxide semiconductor CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) PTS: 1 REF: 229 28. ____________________ time is the amount of time it takes the processor to read data, instructions, and information from memory. ANS: Access PTS: 1 REF: 229 29. A nanosecond (abbreviated ns) is one ____________________ of a second. ANS: billionth PTS: 1 REF: 229 30. A(n) ____________________ enhances the audio-generating capabilities of a personal computer by allowing sound to be input through a microphone and output through external speakers or headphones. ANS: sound card PTS: 1 REF: 230 31. A(n) ____________________ card converts computer output into a signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen. ANS: video graphics PTS: 1 REF: 230 32. A(n) ____________________ card connects computers through telephone or cable television lines. ANS: modem PTS: 1 REF: 230 33. A(n) ____________________ card connects other computers and peripherals. ANS: network PTS: 1 REF: 230 34. A(n) ____________________ slot is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card like the one in the accompanying figure. ANS: expansion PTS: 1 REF: 230 35. A(n) ____________________ is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with the system unit so it can send data or receive information from the computer. ANS: port PTS: 1 REF: 232 36. A(n) ____________________ joins a cable to a peripheral. ANS: connector PTS: 1 REF: 232 37. Instead of port, the term ____________________ sometimes is used to identify audio and video ports. ANS: jack PTS: 1 REF: 232 38. USB 3.0 is more than ____________________ times faster than USB 2.0. ANS: 10 ten PTS: 1 REF: 234 39. A(n) ____________________ port is similar to a USB port in that it can connect multiple types of devices that require faster data transmission speeds. ANS: FireWire IEEE 1394 PTS: 1 REF: 234 40. A(n) ____________________ port is a type of interface that connects a device to the system unit by transmitting data one bit at a time. ANS: serial PTS: 1 REF: 235 MATCHING Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition. a. Bluetooth k. parallel b. SCSI l. multi-core c. eSATA m. serial port d. IrDA n. pipelining e. MIDI o. nanosecond f. word size p. CMOS g. bay q. ROM h. AGP r. nonvolatile i. PCI s. byte j. external t. motherboard 1. Frees processors from having to wait for one instruction to complete the machine cycle before fetching the next 2. An opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment 3. A bus designed by Intel to improve the speed with which 3-D graphics and video transmit 4. This kind of processor is a chip with two or more processors 5. Type of bay that allows a user to access openings in the bay from outside the system unit 6. Type of processing used by supercomputers 7. Technology that uses radio waves to transmit data between two devices 8. Memory usually consists of one or more chips on this 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. The basic storage unit in memory 17. SAS is a newer type of this kind of port 18. Type of memory that can keep its contents when the power is removed from the computer 19. Allows you to connect a hard disk that is popular because of its fast data transmission speeds 20. Port that allows a device to transmit data via infrared light waves The data on this type of chip cannot be modified The flash memory chips that store a computer�s startup information frequently use this kind of techno- logy Special type of serial port that connects the system unit to a musical instrument An extremely fast unit of time The number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time Type of port that can transmit data one bit at a time A high-speed expansion bus that connects higher speed devices 1. ANS: 2. ANS: 3. ANS: 4. ANS: 5. ANS: 6. ANS: 7. ANS: 8. ANS: 9. ANS: 10. ANS: 11. ANS: 12. ANS: 13. ANS: 14. ANS: 15. ANS: 16. ANS: 17. ANS: 18. ANS: 19. ANS: 20. ANS: N G H L J K A T S B R C D Q P E O F M I PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 215 239 239 213 239 220 234 212 223 234 223 234 234 228 229 235 229 237 235 238 ESSAY 1. Explain what the motherboard is, and use the following terms in your answer: chip, integrated circuit, and transistor ANS: The motherboard, sometimes called a system board, is the main circuit board of the system unit. Many electronic components attach to the motherboard; others are built into it. Memory chips are installed on memory cards (modules) that fit in a slot on the motherboard. A computer chip is a small piece of semi-conducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched. An integrated circuit contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical current. Each integrated circuit can contain millions of elements such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors. A transistor, for example, can act as an electronic switch that opens or closes the circuit for electrical charges. Today�s computer chips contain millions or billions of transistors. Most chips are no bigger than one-half-inch square. Manufacturers package chips so the chips can be attached to a circuit board, such as a motherboard or an adapter card.. PTS: 1 REF: 212 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. What is the system clock? ANS: The processor relies on a small quartz crystal circuit called the system clock to control the timing of all computer operations. Just as your heart beats at a regular rate to keep your body functioning, the sys- tem clock generates regular electronic pulses, or ticks, that set the operating pace of components of the system unit. Each tick equates to a clock cycle. In the past, processors used one or more clock cycles to execute each instruction. Processors today often are superscalar, which means they can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle. The pace of the system clock, called the clock speed, is measured by the number of ticks per second. Current personal computer processors have clock speeds in the gigahertz range. Giga is a prefix that stands for billion, and a hertz is one cycle per second. Thus, one gigahertz (GHz) equals one billion ticks of the system clock per second. A computer that operates at 3 GHz has 3 billion (giga) clock cycles in one second (hertz). The faster the clock speed, the more instructions the processor can execute per second. The speed of the system clock has no effect on devices such as a printer or disk drive. The speed of the system clock is just one factor that influences a computer�s performance. Other factors include the type of processor chip, amount of cache, memory access time, bus width, and bus clock speed. PTS: 1 REF: 216 TOP: Critical Thinking 3. Discuss a comparison of personal computer processors. Distinguish between Intel and Intel-compatible processors. ANS: The leading processor chip manufacturers for personal computers are Intel and AMD. These manufac- turers often identify their processor chips by a model name or model number. High-performance com- puters today may use a processor in the Intel Core family. Less expensive, basic personal computers may use a brand of Intel processor in the Pentium or Celeron family. The Xeon and Itanium families of processors are ideal for workstations and low-end servers. AMD is the leading manufacturer of Intel-compatible processors, which have an internal design simil- ar to Intel processors, perform the same functions, and can be as powerful, but often are less expens- ive. In the past, chip manufacturers listed a processor�s clock speed in marketing literature and advertise- ments. Clock speed, however, is only one factor that impacts processing speed in today�s computers. To help consumers evaluate various processors, manufacturers such as Intel and AMD now use a num- bering scheme that more accurately reflects the processing speed of their chips PTS: 1 REF: 216-217 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. Discuss parallel processing and explain what massively parallel processing is as well. ANS: Parallel processing is a method that uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single pro- gram or task. Parallel processing divides a single problem into portions so that multiple processors work on their assigned portion of the problem at the same time. Parallel processing requires special software that recognizes how to divide the problem and then bring the results back together again. Some personal computers implement parallel processing with dual-core processors or multi-core pro- cessors. Others have two or more separate processor chips, respectively called dual processor or multi- processor computers. Massively parallel processing is large scale parallel processing that involves hundreds or thousands of processors. Supercomputers use massively parallel processing for applications such as artificial intelli- gence and weather forecasting. PTS: 1 REF: 220 TOP: Critical Thinking 5. What are the three types of RAM? Describe each type in detail. ANS: � Dynamic RAM (DRAM pronounced DEE-ram) chips must be re-energized constantly or they lose their contents. Many variations of DRAM chips exist, most of which are faster than the basic DRAM. Many variations of DRAM chips exist, most of which are faster than the basic DRAM. Most personal computers today use some form of SDRAM chips or RDRAM chips. � Static RAM (SRAM pronounced ESS-ram) chips are faster and more reliable than any variation of DRAM chips. These chips do not have to be re-energized as often as DRAM chips, thus, the term stat- ic. SRAM chips, however, are much more expensive than DRAM chips. Special applications such as cache use SRAM chips. � A newer type of RAM, called magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM pronounced EM-ram), stores data us- ing magnetic charges instead of electrical charges. Manufacturers claim that MRAM has greater stor- age capacity, consumes less power, and has faster access times than electronic RAM. Also, MRAM re- tains its contents after power is removed from the computer, which could prevent loss of data for users. As the cost of MRAM declines, experts predict MRAM could replace both DRAM and SRAM. PTS: 1 REF: 225 TOP: Critical Thinking 6. Explain what cache is used for, making sure to cover each of the types of cache. ANS: Most of today�s computers improve processing times with cache (pronounced cash). Two types of cache are memory cache and disk cache. This chapter discusses memory cache. Memory cache helps speed the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data. Most per- sonal computers today have two types of memory cache: L1 cache and L2 cache. Some also have L3 cache. � L1 cache is built directly in the processor chip. L1 cache usually has a very small capacity, ranging from 8 KB to 128 KB. The more common sizes for personal computers are 32 KB or 64 KB. � L2 cache is slightly slower than L1 cache but has a much larger capacity, ranging from 64 KB to 16 MB. When discussing cache, most users are referring to L2 cache. Current processors include ad- vanced transfer cache (ATC), a type of L2 cache built directly on the processor chip. Processors that use ATC perform at much faster rates than those that do not use it. Personal computers today typically have from 512 KB to 12 MB of advanced transfer cache. Servers and workstations have from 12 MB to 16 MB of advanced transfer cache. � L3 cache is a cache on the motherboard that is separate from the processor chip. L3 cache exists only on computers that use L2 advanced transfer cache. Personal computers often have up to 8 MB of L3 cache; servers and workstations have from 8 MB to 24 MB of L3 cache. Cache speeds up processing time because it stores frequently used instructions and data. When the pro- cessor needs an instruction or data, it searches memory in this order: L1 cache, then L2 cache, then L3 cache (if it exists), then RAM � with a greater delay in processing for each level of memory it must search. If the instruction or data is not found in memory, then it must search a slower speed storage medium such as a hard disk, CD, or DVD. PTS: 1 REF: 227 TOP: Critical Thinking CASE Critical Thinking Questions Case 1 In your role as a consultant for people buying new computer systems, you always work hard to stay abreast of the latest RAM guidelines for the various levels of users. 1. One of your clients is a power user who runs CAD software. Which of the following configurations would be an appropriate system for her? a. AMD Sempron processor, with 1 GB memory c. AMD Athlon X2Dual-Core processor, with 1 GB memory b. AMD Athlon 64 X2 processor, with 2 GB memory d. AMD Quad Core Opteron processor, with 8 GB memory ANS: d. PTS: 1 REF: 239 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. Another client used to just use standard application software but with the purchase of a new computer, he expects to start creating Web sites, playing Internet games, and participating in video conferences. Which of the following configurations would be a good match for his new anticipated needs? a. AMD Sempron processor, with 1 GB memory c. AMD Athlon X2 Dual-Core processor, with 1 GB memory b. AMD Athlon X2 processor, with 4 GB memory d. AMD Quad Core Opteron processor, with 8 GB memory ANS: b. PTS: 1 REF: 239 Critical Thinking Questions Case 2 TOP: Critical Thinking Ports and connectors have always been a little bit of a mystery to you, so you have decided to learn more about them. 3. You are looking for a port that will allow a system unit to have the capability of recording sounds that have been created by a synthesizer and then processing the sounds to create new sounds. Which of the following ports satisfy this requirement? a. IrDA c. eSATA b. Bluetooth d. MIDI ANS: d. PTS: 1 REF: 235 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. You have a new wireless headset that you plan to connect to your smart phone. Which of the following types of headsets do you have? a. IrDA c. eSATA b. Bluetooth d. MIDI ANS: b. PTS: 1 REF: 234 TOP: Critical Thinking Chapter 5: Input MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A program is ____. a. a collection of unprocessed text, numbers, images, audio, and video b. a series of instructions that tells a computer what to do and how to do it c. an instruction issued by replying to a question that is displayed d. an instruction that causes a single specific action to be performed ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 258 2. ____ is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer. a. Input c. Output b. Throughput d. Volume ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 258 3. A command is ____. a. a collection of unprocessed text, numbers, images, audio, and video b. a series of instructions that tells a computer what to do and how to do it c. an instruction issued by replying to a question that is displayed d. an instruction that causes a program to perform a specific action ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 259 4. A user response is ____. a. a collection of unprocessed text, numbers, images, audio, and video b. a series of instructions that tells a computer what to do and how to do it c. an instruction issued by replying to a question that is displayed d. an instruction that causes a program to perform a specific action ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 259 5. A(n) ____ device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data or instructions (programs, commands, and user responses) into a computer. a. output c. entry b. input d. screen ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 260 6. A(n) ____ is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data into a computer. a. keyboard c. gamepad b. light pen d. stylus ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 260 7. All computer keyboards, such as that in the accompanying figure, have ____ that includes letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and other basic keys. a. arrow keys c. Internet controls b. a typing area d. a numeric keypad ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 260 8. ____, such as those shown on the keyboard in the accompanying figure, are special keys programmed to issue commands to a computer. a. Function keys c. Arrow keys b. Toggle keys d. Numeric keys ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 260 9. Keyboards, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, contain keys that allow users to position the insertion point, also known as a(n) ____ in some programs. a. icon c. button b. cursor d. menu ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 261 10. Nearly all keyboards, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, have a(n) ____ that switches between two states each time a user presses the key. a. arrow key c. toggle key b. function key d. numeric key ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 261 11. A(n) ____ keyboard is designed specifically for users that enjoy playing games on the computer. a. entertainment c. function b. gaming d. multimedia ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 261 12. The ____ is a symbol on the screen, usually a blinking vertical bar, that indicates where the next char- acter typed will display. a. mouse c. cursor b. index d. keystroke ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 261 13. A(n) ____ keyboard usually contains programmable keys so users can customize the keyboard to the game being played. a. ergonomic c. desktop b. application d. gaming ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 262 14. To fit in notebook and many handheld computers, the keyboards usually are ____. a. smaller and have fewer keys c. larger and have more keys b. smaller but have more keys d. larger but have fewer keys ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 262 15. In contrast to most desktop computers, a typical notebook computer usually has about ____ keys. a. 55 c. 85 b. 70 d. 100 ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 262 16. A(n) ____ keyboard has a design that reduces the chance of wrist and hand injuries. a. basal c. strength-building b. enhanced d. ergonomic ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 262 17. The goal of ____ is to incorporate comfort, efficiency, and safety in the design of items in the work- place. a. ergonomics c. concatenation b. calisthenics d. basal design ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 262 18. A(n) ____ device is an input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen. a. tracking c. basal b. pointing d. pad ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 263 19. In a graphical user interface, a(n) ____ is a small symbol on the screen whose location and shape changes as a user moves a pointing device. a. index c. pointer b. keypad d. keystroke ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 263 20. A(n) ____, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, is a pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of the hand. a. light pen c. mouse b. stylus d. trackpad ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 263 21. A newer type of the kind of device shown in the accompanying figure is a(n) ____ mouse, which is motion-sensing. a. resolution c. optical b. traction d. air ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 263 22. A(n) ____ mouse, like the one shown in the accompanying figure, uses devices that emit and sense light to detect movement. a. mechanical c. optical b. tracking d. enhanced ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 263 23. A(n) ____ mouse is a battery-powered mouse that transmits data using wireless technology, such as ra- dio waves or infrared light waves. a. light c. wireless b. optical d. radio ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 264 24. Similar to a mechanical mouse that has a ball on the bottom, a(n) ____ is a stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side. a. trackball c. optical mouse b. touchpad d. stylus ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 265 25. A(n) ____ is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion. a. trackball c. optical mouse b. touchpad d. stylus ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 265 26. A(n) ____ is a touch-sensitive display device that users interact with by touching the screen with a fin- ger. a. trackpad c. touchpad b. touch screen d. stylus ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 266 27. A(n) ____ is a small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen but uses pressure instead of ink. a. trackball c. light pen b. optical mouse d. stylus ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 268 28. An artist can create drawings and sketches by using a pen or cursor on a(n) ____ tablet, which is a flat, rectangular, electronic plastic board. a. display c. sketch b. multimedia d. graphics ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 268 29. A(n) ____, sometimes called a game controller, is a pointing device that controls the movement and actions of players or objects in video games or computer games. a. trackpad c. gamepad b. game screen d. stylus ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 270 30. A dance ____ is a flat electronic device divided into panels that users press with their feet in response to instructions from a music video game. a. pad c. screen b. mat d. form ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 270 31. The most expensive and highest quality version of the technology shown in the accompanying figure is a ____, which is a stationary camera used for professional studio work. a. studio camera c. field camera b. plug-and-play camera d. point-and-shoot camera ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 272 32. Often used by photojournalists, a ____ is a portable version of the technology shown in the accompa- nying figure that has many lenses and other attachments. a. studio camera c. field camera b. plug-and-play camera d. point-and-shoot camera ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 272 33. A ____ is a more affordable and lightweight version of the technology shown in the accompanying figure and provides acceptable photographic images for the home or small business user. a. studio camera c. field camera b. plug-and-play camera d. point-and-shoot camera ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 272 34. Manufacturers often use ____ to represent the resolution of a digital camera like the one shown in the accompanying figure. a. points per inch (ppi) c. points per screen (pps) b. pixels per screen (pps) d. pixels per inch (ppi) ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 273 35. The actual photographed resolution of a digital camera like the one shown in the accompanying figure is known as the ____. a. optical resolution c. enhanced resolution b. standard resolution d. visual resolution ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 273 36. A(n) ____ camera allows users to take pictures and store the photographed images digitally, instead of on traditional film. a. analog c. digital b. multimedia d. relay ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 272 37. Often users ____, or transfer a copy of, the images from a digital camera to a computer�s hard disk. a. upload c. reload b. relay d. download ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 272 38. ____ is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device. a. Matrix c. Resolution b. Index d. Capture rate ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 273 39. Voice ____ is the process of entering data by speaking into a microphone. a. matter c. output b. input d. outreach ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 274 40. Voice ____ is the computer�s capability of distinguishing spoken words. a. input c. recognition b. indexing d. concatenation ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 274 41. Audio ____ is the process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects. a. input c. recognition b. indexing d. concatenation ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 274 42. Music ____ software allows users to record, compose, mix, and edit music and sounds. a. conversion c. indexing b. production d. recognition ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 274 43. Video ____ is the process of capturing full-motion images into a computer and storing them on a stor- age medium such as a hard disk or DVD. a. input c. recognition b. indexing d. concatenation ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 275 44. One type of adapter card that has a video capture port is a video ____ card, which converts an analog video signal into a digital signal that a computer can use. a. index c. capture b. recognition d. transfer ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 275 45. A(n) ____ camera records video as digital signals instead of analog signals. a. AV c. CV b. BV d. DV ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 275 46. A(n) ____ cam is a type of digital video camera that enables a home or small business user to capture video and still images, send e-mail messages with video attachments, add live images to instant mes- sages, broadcast live images over the Internet, and make video telephone calls. a. online c. conference b. Web d. vid ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 275 47. During a(n) ____ telephone call, both parties see each other as they communicate over the Internet. a. Web c. online b. video d. bilateral ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 275-276 48. A ____ is another window on the screen during a video conference that displays notes and drawings simultaneously on all participants' screens. a. converter c. relay screen b. whiteboard d. capture screen ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 276 49. A(n) ____ conference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a network or the Internet to transmit audio and video data. a. optical c. video b. online d. Internet ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 276 50. A(n) ____ is similar to an electronic filing cabinet that provides access to exact reproductions of the original documents. a. charge-coupled device c. image processing system b. optical reader d. video conference ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 278 51. A(n) ____ scanner works in a manner similar to a copy machine except it creates a file of the docu- ment in memory instead of a paper copy. a. drum c. roller b. baseline d. flatbed ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 278 52. Many scanners include ____ software, which can read and convert text documents into electronic files. a. DCR c. OCR b. ECR d. SCR ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 278 53. A(n) ____ reader is a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks, and codes and then con- verts them into digital data that a computer can process. a. character c. legibility b. literature d. optical ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 279 54. ____ is a technology that involves reading typewritten, computer-printed, or hand-printed characters from ordinary documents and translating the images into a form that the computer can process. a. DCR c. OCR b. ECR d. SCR ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 279 55. Most ____ devices include a small optical scanner for reading characters and sophisticated software to analyze what is read. a. DCR c. OCR b. ECR d. SCR ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 279 56. Many companies use OCR characters on a(n) ____ document, which is a document that is returned to the company that creates and sends it. a. flip c. report b. inverse d. turnaround ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 279 57. ____ is a technology that reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles. a. OMR c. OCR b. TCR d. MICR ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 279 58. A(n) ____ is an identification code that consists of a set of vertical lines and spaces of different widths. a. RFID c. bar code b. OCR d. turnaround ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 280 59. Retail and grocery stores use the ____ bar code. a. UPC (Universal Product Code) b. Interleaved 2 of 5 c. Codabar d. POSTNET (Postal Numeric Coding Technique) ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 280 60. As shown in the accompanying figure, ____ is a technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person. a. OCR c. OMR b. RFID d. TMR ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 280 61. Many retailers see the technology shown in the accompanying figure as an alternative to bar codes be- cause it ____. a. requires direct contact b. does not require line-of-sight transmission c. requires each item to be checked out individually d. all of the above ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 280 62. ____ is used almost exclusively by the banking industry for check processing. a. MICR c. MIDI b. OCR d. OCM ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 281 63. A(n) ____ reader reads the magnetic stripe on the back of credit cards, entertainment cards, bank cards, and other similar cards. a. MICR c. OCR b. magstripe d. any of the above ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 281 64. ____ devices read text printed with magnetized ink. a. ACR c. OCR b. SCR d. MICR ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 281 65. A(n) ____ reader converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process. a. MICR b. POS ANS: A c. terminal d. OCR PTS: 1 REF: 281 66. Instead of reading or scanning data from a source document, a(n) ____ device obtains data directly at the location where the transaction or event takes place. a. transmission c. scanning b. data collection d. recognition ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 282 67. A(n) ____ identifier is a physiological or behavioral characteristic such as fingerprints, hand geometry, facial features, voice, signatures, and eye patterns. a. personal c. indexed b. biometric d. basal ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 282 68. A(n) ____ device translates a personal characteristic (the input) into a digital code that is compared with a digital code stored in the computer. a. personal c. biometric b. basal d. indexed ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 282 69. ____ is the technology of authenticating a person�s identity by verifying a personal characteristic. a. Concatenation c. Facial topology b. Fingerprint elision d. Biometrics ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 282 70. A fingerprint ____ captures curves and indentations of a fingerprint. a. collector c. system b. opticon d. scanner ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 282 71. A face ____ system captures a live face image and compares it with a stored image to determine if the person is a legitimate user. a. verification c. recognition b. authentication d. indexing ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 282 72. A voice ____ system compares a person�s live speech with their stored voice pattern. a. verification c. recognition b. authentication d. indexing ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 283 73. A retinal ____ works similarly to an iris recognition system, but instead scans patterns of blood vessels in the back of the retina. a. reader c. scanner b. opticon d. basal monitor ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 283 74. A ____ consists of a keyboard, a monitor, a video card, and memory, often housed in a single unit. a. magstripe c. terminal b. PC d. teller machine ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 284 75. Most retail stores use a(n) ____ terminal to record purchases, process credit or debit cards, and update inventory. a. ATM c. POS b. OCR d. MICR ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 284 76. ____, such as POS terminals and automated teller machines, perform specific tasks and contain fea- tures uniquely designed for use in a particular industry. a. Vertically oriented terminals c. Horizontally oriented terminals b. Special-purpose terminals d. General-purpose terminals ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 284 77. In a grocery store, a(n) ____ is a combination of an electronic cash register, bar code reader, and print- er. a. automated teller machine (ATM) c. point of sale (POS) terminal b. flatbed scanner d. smart display ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 284 78. The location in a retail or grocery store where a consumer pays for goods or services is the ____. a. BOS c. POS b. TOS d. COS ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 284 79. An ATM (automated teller machine) asks users to enter a password, called a ____, which verifies that the user is the holder of the bankcard. a. digital signal processor (DSP) c. universal product code (UPC) b. private origin signal (POS) d. personal identification number (PIN) ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 284 80. The ____ requires any company with 15 or more employees to make reasonable attempts to accom- modate the needs of physically challenged workers. a. ADA c. W3C b. AMA d. Smith-Rakoff Act of 1997 ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 286 MULTIPLE RESPONSE Modified Multiple Choice 1. To move the pointer using a trackball, rotate the ball with ____. a. fingers c. a thumb b. the palm of a hand d. head movements ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 REF: 265 2. ____ create drawings and sketches by using a pressure-sensitive pen or a cursor on a graphics tablet. a. Architects c. Mapmakers b. Designers d. Physicians ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 REF: 268 3. With some digital cameras, images download through a cable that connects between the digital camera and a(n) ____ port. a. serial c. parallel b. USB d. IEEE ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 272 4. A camera with a 5.1-megapixel (4,200,000 pixels) resolution will provide a poorer quality than one with a ____-megapixel resolution. a. 3.2 c. 6.1 b. 4.1 d. 8.2 ANS: C, D PTS: 1 REF: 273 5. Attached to a computer�s ____ port, a PC video camera usually sits on top of the monitor. a. parallel c. serial b. FireWire d. USB ANS: B, D PTS: 1 REF: 276 6. To participate in a video conference, a user needs video conferencing software along with ____ at- tached to a computer. a. a microphone c. a scanner b. speakers d. a digital camera ANS: A, B PTS: 1 REF: 276 7. Businesses often use scanners for image processing, which consists of ____ images. a. manipulating c. analyzing b. printing d. storing ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 8. Given a scanned object, a user can ____. a. post it to a Web site b. include it in another document ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 9. RFID tags contain ____. a. MICR characters b. bar codes ANS: C, D PTS: 1 10. ____ is/are (a) biometric identifier(s). a. Hand geometry b. Facial features REF: 278 c. attach it to an e-mail message d. store it on a storage medium REF: 278 c. a memory chip d. an antenna REF: 280 c. Baldness patterns d. Gait ANS: A, B PTS: 1 REF: 282 TRUE/FALSE 1. When pressed, the APPLICATION key displays the Start menu. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 261 2. Few keyboards have toggle keys. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 261 3. Some gaming keyboards have small displays that show game statistics, such as time or targets remain- ing. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 262 4. On notebook and some handheld computers, smart phones, and other mobile devices, the keyboard is built in the top of the system unit. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 262 5. Even keyboards that are not ergonomically designed attempt to offer the user more comfort by includ- ing a wrist rest or palm rest. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 262 6. Some phones use predictive text input, where you press one key on the keypad for each letter in a word and software on the phone predicts the word you want. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 262 7. An optical mouse that uses optical sensors can be placed on nearly all types of surfaces. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 263 8. As a user moves a mouse, the pointer on the screen also moves. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 263 9. The wireless technology used for a wireless mouse is very different from that of a wireless keyboard. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 264 10. Some users prefer a wireless mouse because it frees up desk space and eliminates the clutter of a cord. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 264 11. Windows users work with a mouse that has only one button. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 264 12. The function of the mouse buttons and the wheel varies depending on the program. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 264 13. For a right-handed user, the left button usually is the secondary mouse button. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 264 14. The mouse is the most widely used pointing device today. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 265 15. To move the pointer using a pointing stick, push the pointing stick with a finger. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 266 16. A pointing stick requires additional desk space. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 266 17. Because they require little arm movements, users enter large amounts of data into touch screens. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 266 18. Many handheld game consoles have touch screens. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 266 19. When drawing on a graphics tablet with a pen or cursor, the tablet detects and converts the movements into digital signals that are sent in a computer. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 268 20. To capture a handwritten signature, a user writes his or her name on a signature capture pad with a stylus or pen that is attached to the device. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 268 21. A stylus is slightly larger than a digital pen. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 268 22. Large-scale applications sometimes refer to a graphics tablet as a scanner. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 268 23. Some smart phones have digital cameras that take pictures and touch-sensitive pads that enable you to interact with media. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 268 24. Optical keyboards project an image of a keyboard on a flat surface. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 268 25. Some portable keyboards are wireless. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 268 26. A joystick usually includes buttons called triggers that are pressed to activate certain events. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 270 27. Gamepads can communicate with a game console or a personal computer via wired or wireless techno- logy. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 270 28. While many digital cameras look like a traditional camera, some models are built in smart phones and other personal mobile devices. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 272 29. Digital camera resolutions range from approximately 4 million to more than 128 million pixels (MP). ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 273 30. For multiple colors and shades of gray, each pixel in a digital camera requires less than one bit of data. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 273 31. The higher the ppi, the more images you can store in the camera. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 273 32. Voice over IP enables users to speak to other users over the Internet. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 274 33. The best voice recognition programs are 50 to 55 percent accurate. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 274 34. Voice input is part of a larger category of input called video input. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 274 35. Voice recognition programs are 100% accurate. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 274 36. Most new computers are equipped with a video capture card because all users have the need for this type of adapter card. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 275 37. To transfer recorded images from a digital video (DV) camera to a hard disk or optical disc, a com- puter needs a video capture card. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 275 38. The cost of a Web cam usually is less than $50. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 276 39. OCR software is useful if a user needs to modify a document, but does not have the original word pro- cessing file. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 278 40. Commercial scanners designed for power users range from 600 to 9600 ppi. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 278 41. All scanners save scanned documents as editable reports automatically. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 278 42. OCR devices read printed characters in an OCR font. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 279 43. With a test, an OMR device first scans the answer key to record correct answers based on patterns of light, then scans the remaining documents and matches their patterns of light against the answer key sheet. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 279 44. The United States Postal Service (USPS) uses a POSTNET bar code. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 280 45. In many cases, a magstripe reader is part of a POS terminal. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 281 46. When a bank receives a check for payment, it uses an OCR inscriber to print the amount of the check in OCR characters in the lower-right corner. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 281 47. Ergonomics is the technology of authenticating a person's identity by verifying a personal characterist- ic. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 282 48. The camera in an iris recognition system scans patterns of blood vessels in the back of the retina. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 283 49. With a terminal, the host computer is usually a server or mainframe. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 284 50. A DVD kiosk is associated with a particular vendor. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 285 COMPLETION 1. Some phones use ____________________ text input, where you press one key on the keypad for each letter in a word, and software on the phone predicts the word you want. ANS: predictive PTS: 1 REF: 262 2. A(n) ____________________ mouse uses devices that emit and sense light to detect the mouse�s movement. ANS: optical PTS: 1 REF: 263 3. Some programs support mouse ____________________ where the user performs certain operations by holding a mouse button while moving the mouse in a particular pattern. ANS: gestures PTS: 1 REF: 264 4. A(n) ____________________ is the most widely used pointing device on desktop computers. ANS: mouse PTS: 1 REF: 263 5. For users that have limited desk space, the ____________________ is a good alternative to a mouse because the device is stationary. ANS: trackball PTS: 1 REF: 265 6. Touchpads are found most often on ____________________ computers. ANS: notebook laptop PTS: 1 REF: 265 7. ____________________ are freestanding computers that usually include touch screens. ANS: Kiosks PTS: 1 REF: 266 8. A(n) ____________________ is a small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny pen, but uses pressure instead of ink. ANS: digital pen stylus PTS: 1 REF: 268 9. Large-scale applications sometimes refer to a graphics tablet as a(n) ____________________. ANS: digitizer PTS: 1 REF: 268 10. Each location on a(n) ____________________ corresponds to a specific location on the screen. ANS: graphics tablet PTS: 1 REF: 268 11. With ____________________, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections. ANS: pen input PTS: 1 REF: 268 12. A(n) ____________________ keyboard is a full-sized keyboard that can be conveniently attached and removed from a PDA or mobile device. ANS: portable PTS: 1 REF: 268 13. Most digital pens, often simply called pens, are ____________________-sensitive. ANS: pressure PTS: 1 REF: 268 14. A(n) ____________________ is a vertical lever mounted into a base that is moved in different direc- tions to control the actions of a simulated vehicle or player. ANS: joystick PTS: 1 REF: 270 15. The actual photographed resolution is known as the ____________________ resolution. ANS: optical PTS: 1 REF: 273 16. A(n) ____________________ is the smallest element in an electronic image. ANS: pixel PTS: 1 REF: 273 17. ____________________ is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device. ANS: Resolution PTS: 1 REF: 273 18. The ____________________ resolution is usually higher than the optical resolution because it uses a special formula to add pixels between those generated by the optical resolution. ANS: enhanced PTS: 1 REF: 273 19. The higher the ____________________, the better the picture quality but the more expensive the cam- era. ANS: resolution PTS: 1 REF: 273 20. Voice is the method of ____________________ for a microphone. ANS: input PTS: 1 REF: 274 21. ____________________ programs recognize a vocabulary of preprogrammed words, which can range from two words to millions of words. ANS: Voice recognition PTS: 1 REF: 274 22. ____________________ is the process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects. ANS: Audio input PTS: 1 REF: 274 23. A type of Web cam called a(n) ____________________ cam has the illusion of moving images be- cause it sends a continual stream of still images. ANS: streaming PTS: 1 REF: 276 24. A(n) ____________________ is a window on the screen that displays notes and drawings simultan- eously on the screens of all participants in a video conference. ANS: whiteboard PTS: 1 REF: 276 25. A(n) ____________________ document is the term for the original form of data. ANS: source PTS: 1 REF: 277 26. Input devices capture data from a(n) ____________________ document. ANS: source PTS: 1 REF: 277 27. Of optical scanners and optical readers, bar code readers, portable keyboards, and magnetic-ink char- acter recognition readers, all are devices that capture data directly from a source document except ____________________. ANS: portable keyboards PTS: 1 REF: 277 28. A(n) ____________________ is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process. ANS: scanner optical scanner PTS: 1 REF: 277 29. ____________________ software is useful if you need to modify a document but do not have the ori- ginal word processing file. ANS: OCR Optical character recognition Optical character recognition (OCR) OCR (Optical character recognition) PTS: 1 REF: 278 30. The quality of a scanner is measured by the number of ____________________ it stores in a pixel and the number of pixels per inch; the higher the number scanner the better the quality, but the more ex- pensive. ANS: bits PTS: 1 REF: 278 31. The most widely used biometric device today is a(n) ____________________ scanner. ANS: fingerprint PTS: 1 REF: 282 32. External fingerprint scanners usually plug into a(n) ____________________ port. ANS: USB PTS: 1 REF: 282 33. Biometric devices measure the shape and size of a person�s hand using a hand ____________________ system. ANS: geometry PTS: 1 REF: 283 34. A(n) signature ____________________ system recognizes the shape of a handwritten signature, as well as measuring the pressure exerted and the motion used to write the signature. ANS: verification PTS: 1 REF: 283 35. The camera in a(n) ____________________ scans patterns of blood vessels in the back of the retina. ANS: retinal scanner PTS: 1 REF: 283 36. A(n) ____________________ is a self-service DVD rental machine that connects to a host computer through a network. ANS: DVD kiosk PTS: 1 REF: 285 37. A(n) ____________________ is a metal or plastic plate placed over the keyboard that allows users to rest their hands on the keyboard without accidentally pressing any keys. ANS: keyguard PTS: 1 REF: 286 38. A(n) ____________________ displays a graphic of a standard keyboard on the user�s screen. ANS: on-screen keyboard PTS: 1 REF: 286 39. An option for people with limited hand movement is a(n) ____________________ to control the pointer or insertion point. ANS: head-mounted pointer PTS: 1 REF: 286 40. With ____________________, the computer will detect human motions. ANS: gesture recognition PTS: 1 REF: 286 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. A command is a series of related instructions that tells a computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. _________________________ ANS: F, program PTS: 1 REF: 258 2. Instructions are a collection of unprocessed text, numbers, audio, and video. _________________________ ANS: F, Data is PTS: 1 REF: 258 3. Desktop computer keyboards typically have from 101 to 105 keys. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 260 4. To move the pointer using a trackball, slide a fingertip across the surface of the pad. _________________________ ANS: F, touchpad PTS: 1 REF: 265 5. With a lower ppi (pixels per inch), fewer images can be captured and stored in a digital camera. _________________________ ANS: F, more PTS: 1 REF: 273 6. Some digital camera manufacturers state enhanced resolution, instead of, or in addition to, optical res- olution. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 273 7. Enhanced resolution usually is lower than optical resolution because it uses a special formula to add pixels between those generated by the optical resolution. _________________________ ANS: F, higher PTS: 1 REF: 273 8. The more bits used to represent a pixel in a digital camera, the fewer colors and shades of gray that can be represented. _________________________ ANS: F, more PTS: 1 REF: 273 9. RFID requires line-of-site transmission. _________________________ ANS: F, does not require PTS: 1 REF: 280 10. Exposure to a magnet or magnetic field can erase the contents of a card�s magnetic stripe. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 281 MATCHING Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition. a. desktop k. RFID b. air l. turnaround c. point m. digital d. click n. Web cam e. dance pad o. resolution f. gamepad p. sound card g. joystick q. voice input h. OMR r. trackball i. head-mounted pointer s. optical j. UPC t. toggle 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Many of this kind of keyboard have a numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard Many keyboards have status lights that light up when users activate this kind of key This kind of mouse uses devices that emit and sense light to detect the mouse�s movement The kind of mouse that senses motion Requires frequent cleaning because it picks up oils from fingers and dust from the environment To move the mouse until the pointer on the desktop is positioned on the item of choice To press and release the primary mouse button, which usually is the left mouse button The process of entering input by speaking into a microphone What a PC must have to enter high-quality sound A flat electronic device divided into panels that users press with their feet in response to instructions from a music video game 11. The higher this is, the better the image quality and the more expensive the camera 12. With this, users press buttons with their thumbs or move sticks in various directions to trigger events 13. An analog signal must be converted to this kind of signal in order for analog video to be entered into a PC 14. Attracts Web site visitors by showing images that change regularly 15. A handheld vertical lever mounted on a base 16. A technology that reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles 17. Type of document on which many companies use OCR characters 18. Kind of bar code used by retail and grocery stores 19. Kind of technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an ob- ject, an animal, or a person 20. An option for people with limited hand movement to control the pointer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: A T S B R C D Q P E O F M N G H L J K I PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 260 261 263 263 265 264 264 274 274 270 273 270 275 276 270 279 279 280 280 286 ESSAY 1. Discuss the different ways in which a keyboard can be connected to a computer ANS: Desktop computer keyboards often attach via a cable to a keyboard port or a USB port on the system unit. Some keyboards, however, do not have any wires connecting the keyboard to the system unit. A wireless keyboard, or cordless keyboard, is a battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology, such as radio waves or infrared light waves. PTS: 1 REF: 262 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. What is the difference between a trackball and a touchpad? ANS: A trackball is a stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side. The ball in most trackballs is about the size of a Ping-Pong ball. To move the pointer using a trackball, you rotate the ball with your thumb, fingers, or the palm of your hand. In addition to the ball, a trackball usually has one or more buttons that work just like mouse buttons. A trackball requires frequent cleaning because it picks up oils from your fingers and dust from the environment. For users who limited desk space, however, a trackball is a good alternative to a mouse because the device is stationary. A touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion. To move the pointer using a touch- pad, slide your fingertip across the surface of the pad. Some touchpads have one or more buttons around the edge of the pad that work like mouse buttons. On most touchpads, you also can tap the pad's surface to imitate mouse operations such as clicking. Touchpads are found most often on note- book computers. PTS: 1 REF: 265 TOP: Critical Thinking 3. Discuss the differences between the three basic types of digital cameras. ANS: The three basic types of digital cameras are studio cameras, field cameras, and point-and-shoot camer- as. The most expensive and highest quality of the three is a studio camera, which is a stationary cam- era used for professional studio work. Often used by photojournalists, a field camera is a portable cam- era that has many lenses and other attachments. As with the studio camera, a field camera can be quite expensive. A point-and-shoot camera is much more affordable and lightweight and provides accept- able quality photographic images for the home or small business user. PTS: 1 REF: 272 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. Discuss the two ways of recording video ANS: Some video devices record video using analog signals. Computers, by contrast, use digital signals. To enter video from an analog device into a personal computer, the analog signal must be converted to a digital signal. To do this, plug a video camera or other analog video device in a video capture port on the system unit. One type of adapter card that has a video capture port is a video capture card, which converts an analog video signal into a digital signal that a computer can process. Most new computers are not equipped with a video capture card because not all users have the need for this type of adapter card. A digital video (DV) camera, by contrast, records video as digital signals instead of analog sig- nals. Many DV cameras can capture still frames, as well as motion. To transfer recorded images to a hard disk or optical disc, users connect DV cameras directly to a USB port or a FireWire port on the system unit. Thus, the computer does not need a video capture card. Simply connect the video device to the computer and begin transferring images. After saving the video on a storage medium, such as a hard disk or DVD, you can play it or edit it using video editing software on a computer. PTS: 1 REF: 275 5. Explain in detail what a video conference is. ANS: TOP: Critical Thinking A video conference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a net- work or the Internet to transmit audio and video data. To participate in a video conference using a computer you need video conferencing software or use a video conferencing Web application, along with a microphone, speakers, and a video camera attached to or built into a computer. Examples of video conferencing software include CUworld, Live Meeting, and WebEx. As you speak, members of the meeting hear your voice on their speakers. Any image in front of the video camera appears in a window on each participant's screen. A whiteboard is another window on the screen that displays notes and drawings simultaneously on all participants' screens. This window provides multiple users with an area on which they can write or draw. PTS: 1 REF: 276 TOP: Critical Thinking 6. Explain what MICR is, how MICR readers work, and what their uses are. ANS: MICR (magnetic-ink character recognition) devices read text printed with magnetized ink. An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process. The banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR for check processing. Each check in your checkbook has precoded MICR char- acters beginning at the lower-left edge. The MICR characters represent the bank number, the customer account number, and the check number. When a bank receives a check for payment, it uses an MICR inscriber to print the amount of the check in MICR characters in the lower-right corner. The check then is sorted or routed to the customer�s bank, along with thousands of others. Each check is inserted in an MICR reader, which sends the check information � including the amount of the check � to a computer for processing. When you balance your checkbook, verify that the amount printed in the lower-right corner is the same as the amount written on the check; otherwise, your statement will not balance. The banking industry has established an international standard not only for bank numbers, but also for the font of the MICR characters. This standardization makes it possible for people to write checks in other countries. PTS: 1 REF: 281 TOP: Critical Thinking CASE Critical Thinking Questions Case 1 You have taken a new job as a director of assistive technology at a local computer lab dedicated to supporting individuals with disabilities. You are asked to identify technologies that will be most useful to given individuals. 1. Ben has the early stages of Parkinson�s disease, which causes his hands to tremble. Which of the fol- lowing would be effective for him if he would like to use one of the computers? a. gesture recognition c. keyguard b. joystick d. trackpad ANS: c. PTS: 1 REF: 286 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. Celia has limited hand movement because of an injury she suffered. Which of the following is useful for her computer use? a. head-mounted pointer c. keyguard b. on-screen keyboard d. trackpad ANS: a. PTS: 1 REF: 286 TOP: Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Questions Case 2 In your work in the IT department, you are charged with devising configurations for desktop com- puters that work for particular colleagues. 3. The system you are designing now is for a colleague who has very limited deskspace for his desktop PC. Which of the following should you buy for him? a. mechanical mouse c. optical mouse b. cordless mouse d. trackball ANS: d. PTS: 1 REF: 265 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. Another colleague is asking for a recommendation for himself personally, for a gaming controller that offers motion-sensing capabilities along with wireless Bluetooth technology. What do you suggest for him? a. gamepad c. Wii remote b. light gun d. joystick ANS: c. PTS: 1 REF: 271 TOP: Critical Thinking Chapter 3: Application Software MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ____ software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks. a. Application c. Operating b. Utility d. System ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 142 2. The ____ shown in the accompanying figure is a small symbol displayed on the screen that moves as a user moves the mouse. a. menu c. icon b. button d. pointer ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 144 3. In the Windows Vista operating system, as shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ is an on- screen work area that has a graphical user interface. a. frame c. workspace b. desktop d. dialog box ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 144 4. As shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____ is a small image displayed on the screen that repres- ents a program, a document, or some other object. a. menu c. pointer b. button d. icon ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 144 5. A file is ____. a. an on-screen work area that has a graphical user interface b. a named collection of stored data, instructions, or information c. an instruction that causes a program to perform a specific action d. a horizontal space that contains a window�s title ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 144 6. When you click Paint in the Accessories list, Windows Vista loads the Paint program instructions from the computer�s hard disk into ____. a. storage c. dialog b. memory d. command space ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 144 7. A(n) ____ contains a list of commands from which a user makes selections. a. dialog box c. window b. icon d. menu ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 144 8. A ____ is an instruction that causes a program to perform a specific action. a. dialog box c. command b. window d. title bar ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 144 9. A(n) ____ is a rectangular area of the screen that displays data and information. a. frame c. workspace b. box d. window ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 144 10. The top of a window has a(n) ____, which is a horizontal space that contains the window�s name. a. view bar c. frame name b. title bar d. dialog box ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 144 11. The ____ of the document window usually displays a document�s file name. a. command box c. title bar b. shortcut menu d. submenu ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 145 12. A(n) ____ is a window that provides information, presents available options, or requests a response. a. menu bar c. style manager b. management frame d. dialog box ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 145 13. ____ software assists people in becoming more effective and efficient while performing their daily business activities. a. Commercial c. Business b. Marketing d. Advocacy ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 146 14. A font ____, such as bold, italic, and underline in the accompanying figure, adds emphasis to a font. a. style c. face b. point d. weight ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 146 15. A(n) ____, such as Cambria and Calibri in the accompanying figure, is a name assigned to a specific design of characters. a. point c. text set b. font d. iconography ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 146 16. ____ size, such as 12-point and 28-point in the accompanying figure, indicates the size of characters in a particular font. a. Graph c. Font b. Textual d. Data ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 146 17. ____ software allows users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics. a. Desktop publishing c. Image processing b. Contextual d. Word processing ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 147 18. ____ is a collection of electronic drawings, photos, and other images that can be inserted into docu- ments. a. Clip art c. Glossaries b. Graphics checkers d. Image repositories ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 147 19. Word processing software includes a(n) ____, which reviews the spelling of individual words, sections of a document, or the entire document. a. table of contents c. glossary b. spelling checker d. dictionary ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 148 20. A single point is about ____ of an inch in height. a. 1/9 c. 1/36 b. 1/18 d. 1/72 ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 149 21. ____ software is software that allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform calcula- tions on the data. a. Database c. Spreadsheet b. PIM d. PDA ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 150 22. When using spreadsheet software, the rows and columns collectively are called a(n) ____. a. workbook c. workload b. workspace d. worksheet ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 150 23. When computer users ____ a document, the computer transfers the document from memory to a stor- age medium. a. save c. format b. edit d. print ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 150 24. When computer users ____ a document, the computer sends a copy of the document to a medium such as paper. a. create c. format b. print d. edit ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 150 25. A(n) ____ is the intersection of a column and row in a worksheet. a. link c. nexus b. cell d. grid ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 151 26. Many worksheet cells contain a number that can be used in a calculation, called a(n) ____. a. function c. formula b. index d. value ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 151 27. A(n) ____ performs calculations on the data in a worksheet and displays the resulting value in a cell. a. index c. function b. formula d. ratio ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 151 28. When using spreadsheet software like that in the accompanying figure, each worksheet can have more than ____ cells. a. 1,700 c. 17 million b. 17,000 d. 17 billion ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 151 29. Most spreadsheet software like that shown in the accompanying figure includes ____ analysis tools, where users can change certain values in a spreadsheet to reveal the effects of those changes. a. concatenation c. what-if b. functional d. application ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 152 30. The text, or ____, entered in a cell identifies the worksheet data and helps organize the worksheet. a. filename c. cell text b. key text d. label ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 151 31. A(n) ____ is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data. a. spreadsheet c. database b. formula d. functional set ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 153 32. ____ software allows users to create, access, and manage a database. a. Text management c. Context management b. Database d. Basis ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 153 33. A(n) ____ is a request for specific data from a database. a. query c. resample b. formula d. function ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 154 34. ____ software allows users to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages, and other information to a group. a. Desktop publishing c. Presentation b. Image editing d. Communications ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 154 35. To help organize a presentation, you can view ____ versions of all the slides similarly to how 35mm slides look on a photographer�s light table. a. iconic c. resampled b. thumbnail d. edited ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 155 36. ____ software enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches any- where on a page and then save the page as part of a notebook. a. Sketching c. Note taking b. Notebook d. PDA ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 156 37. A(n) ____ is application software that includes an appointment calendar, address book, notepad, and other features to help users organize personal information. a. PIM c. PIN b. PIT d. PIC ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 156 38. A software ____ is a collection of individual programs sold as a single package. a. cluster c. zip b. suite d. archive ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 156 39. Most mobile devices include, among other features, ____ functionality. a. DTP c. CAD b. PIM d. WBT ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 156 40. Two popular ____ are Microsoft Office 2007 and Apple iWork. a. personal information managers c. clip art/image galleries b. software suites d. application service providers ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 156 41. ____ software allows a user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and costs of a project. a. Business b. Document management ANS: D PTS: 1 c. Accounting d. Project management REF: 157 42. ____ enables users to write and print checks, track checking account activity, and update and reconcile balances on demand. a. Legal software c. Entertainment software b. Reference software d. Accounting software ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 158 43. ____ software helps companies record and report their financial transactions. a. Tax preparation c. Money management b. Business d. Accounting ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 158 44. ____ software provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by con- verting them into a format that can be viewed by any user. a. Tax preparation c. Document management b. Business d. Accounting ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 158 45. Which of the following is an example of paint/image editing software for the professional? a. Adobe InDesign c. Adobe Illustrator b. Autodesk AutoCAD d. Adobe Audition ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 159 46. Which of the following is an example of desktop publishing software for the professional? a. Adobe InDesign c. Adobe Illustrator b. Autodesk AutoCAD d. Adobe Audition ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 159 47. Which of the following is an example of photo editing software for the professional? a. Adobe InDesign c. Adobe Illustrator b. Autodesk AutoCAD d. Adobe Photoshop ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 159 48. Which of the following is an example of computer-aided design software? a. Adobe InDesign c. Adobe Illustrator b. Autodesk AutoCAD d. Adobe Audition ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 159 49. Which of the following is an example of multimedia authoring software? a. Adobe InDesign c. Adobe Director b. Autodesk AutoCAD d. Adobe Audition ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 159 50. Which of the following is an example of Web page authoring software? a. Adobe InDesign c. Adobe Illustrator b. Adobe Dreamweaver ANS: B PTS: 1 d. Agilix GoCourse REF: 159 51. Which of the following is an example of video and audio editing software for the professional? a. Adobe InDesign c. Adobe Illustrator b. Autodesk AutoCAD d. Adobe Audition ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 159 52. Three-dimensional ____ programs allow designers to rotate designs of 3-D objects to view them from any angle. a. CAD c. CAM b. DTP d. DTM ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 160 53. ____ software is software that enables professional designers to create sophisticated documents that contain text, graphics, and many colors. a. CAD c. CBT b. DTP d. WBT ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 160 54. ____ software is a sophisticated type of application software that assists a professional user in creating engineering, architectural, and scientific designs. a. DTP c. CBT b. CAD d. WBT ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 160 55. ____ is ideal for the production of high-quality color documents such as textbooks, corporate newslet- ters, marketing literature, product catalogs, and annual reports. a. Professional DTP software c. Professional CAD software b. Word processing software d. Web page authoring software ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 160 56. ____ is the process of arranging text and graphics in a document on a page-by-page basis. a. Page turning c. Page layout b. Page processing d. Page outline ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 160-161 57. DTP software includes a color ____, which is a standard set of colors used by designers and printers to ensure that colors will print exactly as specified. a. glossary c. library b. reference d. indexed set ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 161 58. ____ software is software that allows users to draw pictures, shapes, and other graphical images with various on-screen tools such as a pen, brush, eyedropper, and paint bucket. a. Photo editing c. DTP b. CBT d. Paint ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 161 59. ____ software provides the capabilities of paint software and also includes the ability to enhance and modify existing images and pictures. a. Desktop publishing c. Image editing b. Illustration d. Photo management ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 161 60. ____ software allows users to modify a segment of a video, called a clip. a. Video editing c. Clip management b. Image editing d. Illustration ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 161 61. ____ software lets users modify audio clips and produce studio-quality sound tracks. a. Sound publishing c. Tracking b. Audio editing d. Sound management ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 161 62. Audio editing software usually includes ____, which are designed to enhance audio quality. a. clips c. matrices b. filters d. subwoofers ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 161 63. Designers and graphic artists can print finished publications on a color printer, take them to a profes- sional printer, or post them on the Web in a format that can be viewed by those without ____ software. a. VSP c. ISP b. DTP d. CAD ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 161 64. Multimedia ____ software allows users to combine text, graphics, audio, video, and animation into an interactive application. a. management c. publishing b. authoring d. editing ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 162 65. Web page ____ software helps users of all skill levels create Web pages that include graphical images, video, audio, animation, and other special effects. a. management c. publishing b. authoring d. editing ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 162 66. ____ software is a simplified accounting program that helps home users and small office/home office users balance their checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income and expenses, set up budgets, manage home inventory, track investments, and evaluate financial plans. a. Accounting c. Personal finance b. Tax management d. Financial editing ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 166 67. ____ offers access to account balances, provides bill paying services, and allows downloading of cop- ies of monthly transactions and statements from the Web directly to a user�s computer. a. Online banking c. Tax management software b. Financial editing software d. Accounting software ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 166 68. ____ software assists in the preparation of legal documents and provides legal information to individu- als, families, and small businesses. a. Legal c. Document management b. Tax d. Financial ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 167 69. ____ software guides individuals, families, or small businesses through the process of filing federal taxes. a. Filing c. Tax preparation b. Accounting d. Financial management ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 167 70. ____ software allows users to draw pictures, shapes, and other graphical images with various on- screen tools. a. Paint c. Pixel manipulation b. Design d. Color library ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 168 71. ____ software provides the capabilities of adjusting or enhancing image colors, adding special effects such as shadows and glows, and the like. a. Color library c. Image editing b. Multimedia authoring d. Professional desktop publishing ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 168 72. Homeowners or potential homeowners can use ____ software to assist with the design, remodeling, or improvement of a home, deck, or landscape. a. Home design/landscaping c. CAM b. Architectural d. CAD ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 170 73. ____ software provides valuable and thorough information for all individuals. a. Multimedia c. Encyclopedic b. Reference d. Glossary ANS: B PTS: 1 74. ____ software teaches a particular skill. a. Design b. Spreadsheet ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 171 c. CAD d. Educational REF: 171 75. ____ software for personal computers includes interactive games, videos, and other programs designed to support a hobby or provide amusement and enjoyment. a. Blog b. Design ANS: C c. Entertainment d. Multimedia PTS: 1 REF: 172 76. A blog author needs ____ to create/maintain a blog. a. an anti-spam program c. a file manager b. blogware d. a personal firewall ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 174 77. Most online Help also has links to Web sites that offer ____ Help, which provides updates and more comprehensive resources to respond to technical issues about software. a. dynamic c. distance learning b. Web-based d. e-learning ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 175 78. ____ training is a type of CBT (computer-based training) that uses Internet technology and consists of application software on the Web. a. Dynamic c. Distance b. E-learning d. Web-based ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 175 79. ____ is the delivery of education via some electronic method such as the Internet, networks, or CDs/DVDs. a. Distance learning c. Web-based learning b. Dynamic Help d. E-learning ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 176 80. ____ is the delivery of education at one location while the learning takes place at other locations. a. Extended training (ET) c. Remote teaching (RT) b. Faraway schooling (FS) d. Distance learning (DL) ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 176 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. To use application software, a computer must be running system software, specifically, an operating system. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 143-144 2. While a computer is running, the operating system remains in memory. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 144 3. During the process of creating, editing, and formatting a document, the computer holds it on a storage medium. _________________________ ANS: F, in memory PTS: 1 REF: 150 4. When you save a document, the computer transfers the document from a storage medium to memory. _________________________ ANS: F, memory to a storage medium PTS: 1 REF: 150 5. Mobile devices like PDAs and smart phones do not include PIM functionality. _________________________ ANS: F, include PTS: 1 REF: 156 6. In addition to PIM software, a huge variety of business and other software is available for phones. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 156 7. Each functional unit within an enterprise has specialized software requirements. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 159 8. Image editing software also is called illustration software. _________________________ ANS: F, Paint PTS: 1 REF: 161 9. Video editing software rarely includes audio editing capabilities. _________________________ ANS: F usually typically PTS: 1 REF: 162 10. Once created, multimedia presentations often take the form of interactive computer-based presenta- tions or Web-based presentations designed to facilitate learning, demonstrate product functionality, and elicit direct-user participation. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 162 MULTIPLE RESPONSE Modified Multiple Choice 1. ____ programs usually have fewer capabilities than retail programs. a. Shareware c. Freeware b. Public-domain d. Custom ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 REF: 143 2. A ____ is a window that provides information, presents available options, or requests a response. a. title bar c. menu bar b. frame manager d. dialog box ANS: D PTS: 1 3. Examples of editing tasks are ____. a. changing fonts b. deleting text ANS: B, C PTS: 1 4. ____ is an example of a font style. a. Helvetica b. Bold ANS: B, D PTS: 1 5. Common formatting tasks include ____. a. changing the font b. inserting text ANS: A, C PTS: 1 6. ____ chart is a popular chart type. a. Data b. Column ANS: B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 145 c. inserting text d. underlining text REF: 149 c. Arial d. Italic REF: 149 c. changing font size d. deleting text REF: 149 c. Line d. Pie REF: 152 7. Presentation software incorporates some of the features found in word processing software, such as ____. a. presenting Web pages as thumbnail images b. formatting c. checking spelling d. recognizing voice input ANS: B, C PTS: 1 REF: 155 8. Audio editing software lets users ____. a. modify audio clips b. add audio to video clips c. produce studio-quality soundtracks d. use filters that are designed to enhance audio quality ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 162 9. Application software, such as ____, often includes Web page authoring features. a. TurboTax c. Word b. Excel d. Microsoft Money ANS: B, C PTS: 1 REF: 164 10. In addition to clip art, many clip art/image galleries provide ____. a. fonts b. video clips ANS: A, B, C, D c. sounds d. audio clips PTS: 1 REF: 169 TRUE/FALSE 1. The four categories of software are mutually exclusive; that is, software listed in one category may not be used in other categories. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 142 2. Open source software is copyrighted software that is distributed at no cost for a trial period. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 143 3. Developers of freeware rely on the honor system, trusting users to send payment if software use ex- tends beyond the stated trial period. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 143 4. When the Start button shown in the accompanying figure is clicked, the Start menu is displayed on the Windows Vista desktop. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 144 5. To start a program, users can click the program name on a menu or in a list. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 144 6. A dialog box is a horizontal space that contains the window�s name. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 145 7. When colors are used for characters in a word processing document, they will print as black or gray unless users have a color printer. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 147 8. If you type text that extends beyond the right page margin, the word processing software automatically positions text at the beginning of the next line. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 147 9. A major advantage of using word processing software is that users easily can change what they have written. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 147 10. Word processing software usually includes public-domain clip art. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 147 11. The search feature, in combination with the replace feature, allows users of word processing software to substitute existing characters or words with new ones. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 148 12. The spelling checker included with word processing software compares words in a document with an electronic dictionary that is part of the operating system. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 148 13. A serif font does not have the short decorative lines at the upper and lower ends of the characters. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 149 14. A sans serif font has short decorative lines at the upper and lower ends of the characters. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 149 15. One of the benefits of word processing software is the ability to print the same document many times, with each copy looking just like the first. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 150 16. Spreadsheet software is a rarely used type of application software. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 150 17. Because of the logical approach that spreadsheet software has for organizing data, many people use this software to organize and present nonfinancial data, as well as financial data. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 150 18. As shown in the accompanying figure, all of a worksheet�s columns and rows are displayed on the screen at one time. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 150-151 19. In a worksheet, one or more letters identify each row. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 151 20. In a worksheet, the intersection of column B and row 6 is referred to as cell 6B. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 151 21. A line chart displays bars of various lengths to show the relationship of data. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 152 22. One of the more powerful features of spreadsheet software is its capability of recalculating the rest of the worksheet when data in a worksheet changes. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 152 23. With a computerized database, the computer stores the data in an electronic format on a storage medi- um such as a hard disk. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 153 24. In a database, each column, called a field, contains a specific category of data within a record. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 154 25. Presentation software provides a variety of layouts for each individual slide. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 154 26. Presentation software allows users to apply special effects to the transition between each slide. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 155 27. Note taking software can store notes in handwritten form. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 156 28. With a personal information manager�s address book, users can schedule activities for a particular day and time. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 156 29. With a PIM, users can take information previously tracked in a weekly or daily calendar and organize and store it on their computer. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 156 30. Buying a collection of programs in a software suite usually costs significantly more than purchasing them individually. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 156 31. The cost of accounting software for a small business can be several hundred thousand dollars. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 158 32. Many businesses use document management software to share and distribute company brochures, liter- ature, and other documents electronically. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 158 33. Three-dimensional CBT programs allow designers to rotate designs of 3-D objects to view them from any angle. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 160 34. Although most word processing programs have none of the capabilities of DTP software, professional designers and graphic artists use word processing software because it supports page layout. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 160 35. Few Web page authoring programs allow users to organize, manage, or maintain Web sites. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 164 36. Application software, such as Word and Excel, seldom includes Web page authoring features. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 164 37. Most of the programs for home, personal, and educational use are relatively expensive, often priced more than one thousand dollars. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 165 38. A large amount of application software is designed specifically for home, personal, and educational use. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 165 39. Most personal finance software offers a variety of online services, which require access to the Internet. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 166 40. Most personal finance software includes financial planning features, such as analyzing home and per- sonal loans, preparing income taxes, and managing retirement savings. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 166 41. Using tax preparation software, taxpayers can file their state and federal tax returns online, in a process called e-filing. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 167 42. Personal DTP software provides only a few graphical images. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 168 43. Personal DTP programs typically guide users through the development of a document by asking a series of questions, offering numerous predefined layouts, and providing standard text that can be ad- ded to documents. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 168 44. Few personal DTP programs include paint/image editing software or photo editing software. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 168 45. Some operating systems include video and audio editing software. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 170 46. Home design/landscaping software includes hundreds of predrawn plans that users can customize to meet their needs. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 170 47. Educational software exists for very few subjects. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 171 48. Educational software seldom includes games or content to make the learning experience more fun. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 171 49. Web application host rarely store users' data and information on their servers. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 172 50. Users often interact with Web applications directly at the Web site through their Web browser. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 172 COMPLETION 1. ____________________ software is used to facilitate communications, assist with graphics and multi- media projects, and support home, personal, and educational tasks. ANS: Application PTS: 1 REF: 142 2. ____________________ software is mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a variety of users, not just a single user or company. ANS: Packaged PTS: 1 REF: 142 3. ____________________ software performs functions specific to a business or industry. ANS: Custom PTS: 1 REF: 142 4. ____________________ software is provided for use, modification, and redistribution and usually can be downloaded from the Web at no cost. ANS: Open source PTS: 1 REF: 143 5. ____________________ is copyrighted software that is distributed at no cost for a trial period. ANS: Shareware PTS: 1 REF: 143 6. ____________________ is copyrighted software provided at no cost to a user by an individual or a company. ANS: Freeware PTS: 1 REF: 143 7. ____________________ software is free software, but it has been donated for public use and has no copyright restrictions. ANS: Public-domain PTS: 1 REF: 143 8. ____________________ software serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer�s hardware. ANS: System PTS: 1 REF: 143 9. Each time a user starts a computer, the operating system is ____________________ (copied) from the computer�s hard disk into memory. ANS: loaded PTS: 1 REF: 144 10. A(n) ____________________ is a graphical element that a user activates to cause a specific action to take place. ANS: button PTS: 1 REF: 144 11. ____________________ software includes programs such as word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation graphics, personal information manager software, personal mobile device business soft- ware, software suites, accounting, and project management. ANS: Business PTS: 1 REF: 146 12. A feature of word processing software called ____________________ allows users to type words in a paragraph continually without pressing the ENTER key at the end of each line. ANS: wordwrap PTS: 1 REF: 147 13. ____________________ is the process of moving different portions of a document on the screen into view. ANS: Scrolling PTS: 1 REF: 148 14. A(n) ____________________ is a sequence of keystrokes and instructions that a user records and saves. ANS: macro PTS: 1 REF: 148 15. ____________________ tags automatically appear on the screen when a certain action is performed. ANS: Smart PTS: 1 REF: 148 16. A(n) ____________________ is a document that contains the formatting necessary for a specific doc- ument type. ANS: template PTS: 1 REF: 148 17. When computer users ____________________ a document, they enter text or numbers, insert graphic- al images, and perform other tasks using an input device. ANS: create PTS: 1 REF: 149 18. To ____________________ a document means to make changes to its existing content. ANS: edit PTS: 1 REF: 149 19. To cut involves removing a portion of a document and storing it in a temporary storage location, some- times called a(n) ____________________. ANS: clipboard PTS: 1 REF: 149 20. When computer users ____________________ a document, they change its appearance. ANS: format PTS: 1 REF: 149 21. A(n) ____________________ is a predefined formula that performs common calculations such as adding the values in a group of cells. ANS: function PTS: 1 REF: 151 22. Using the ____________________ =SUM(B10:B14) totals the contents of cells B10 through B14 in a worksheet. ANS: function PTS: 1 REF: 151 23. The accompanying figure illustrates a spreadsheet feature called ____________________, which de- picts data in graphical form. ANS: charting PTS: 1 REF: 152 24. A(n) ____________________ chart, such as that in the accompanying figure, shows a trend during a period of time, as indicated by a rising or falling line. ANS: line PTS: 1 REF: 152 25. A(n) ____________________ chart, such as that in the accompanying figure, displays bars of various lengths to show the relationship of data. ANS: column PTS: 1 REF: 152 26. A(n) ____________________ chart, such as that in the accompanying figure, has a round shape cut into slices and shows the relationship of parts to a whole. ANS: pie PTS: 1 REF: 152 27. In a database, each row, called a(n) ____________________, contains data about a given person, product, object, or event. ANS: record PTS: 1 REF: 153 28. Using ____________________ software, you can add, change, delete, sort, and retrieve data. ANS: database PTS: 1 REF: 153 29. Users with an artistic ability can create their own graphics using paint/image editing software and then ____________________ (bring in) the graphics into a presentation software slide. ANS: import PTS: 1 REF: 155 30. Software ____________________ offer two major advantages: lower cost and ease of use. ANS: suites PTS: 1 REF: 156 31. Audio editing software usually includes ____________________, which are designed to enhance au- dio quality. ANS: filters PTS: 1 REF: 162 32. ____________________ software provides standard contracts and documents associated with buying, selling, and renting property; estate planning; marriage and divorce; and preparing a will or living trust. ANS: Legal PTS: 1 REF: 167 33. Personal ____________________ software is software that helps home and small business users create newsletters, brochures, advertisements, postcards, greeting cards, letterhead, business cards, banners, calendars, logos, and Web pages. ANS: DTP desktop publishing DTP (desktop publishing) desktop publishing (DTP) PTS: 1 REF: 168 34. Personal ____________________ software is software that includes various simplified tools, tailored to meet the needs of the home and small business users, to draw pictures, shapes, and other images. ANS: paint/image editing PTS: 1 REF: 168 35. Application software often includes an image ____________________, which is a collection of clip art and photographs. ANS: gallery PTS: 1 REF: 169 36. Popular ____________________ software includes encyclopedias, dictionaries, health/medical guides, and travel directories. ANS: reference PTS: 1 REF: 171 37. An e-mail program allows transmission of messages and files via a(n) ____________________ such as the Internet. ANS: network PTS: 1 REF: 174 38. ____________________ software real-time exchange of messages or files with another online user. ANS: IM Instant messaging PTS: 1 REF: 174 39. ____________________ is the delivery of education via some electronic method. ANS: E-learning Electronic learning PTS: 1 REF: 176 40. ____________________ typically consists of self-directed, self-paced instruction on a topic. ANS: CBT Computer-based training CBT (Computer-based training) Computer-based training (CBT) WBT Web-based training WBT (Web-based training) Web-based training (WBT) PTS: 1 REF: 176 MATCHING Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition. a. Web browser k. communications b. aggregator l. instant messaging c. video conferencing m. image editing d. message board n. photo editing e. e-learning o. personal finance f. tax preparation p. DL g. FTP q. online Help h. newsreader r. blogware i. WBT s. text messaging j. chat rooms t. e-mail 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Allows users to access and view Web pages on the Internet Available free at portals on the Web and included with paid Internet access service Integrated in most mobile devices Keeps track of changes made to Web sites by checking RSS feeds Used to create time-stamped articles in a diary or journal format Enables meeting between geographically separated people who use a network such as the Internet to transmit video/audio Online area where users have written discussions The electronic equivalent of a user manual The delivery of education at one location while the learning takes place at other locations The delivery of education via some electronic method such as the Internet, networks, or CDs/DVDs Kind of software that determines where users are spending their money Kind of software that creates and analyzes the user�s tax forms to search for potential errors and de- duction opportunities Kind of software that provides the capabilities of paint software and the ability to modify existing graphics Software often included with the purchase of a digital camera A method of uploading and downloading files with other computers on the Internet Type of programs built into some e-mail programs and Web browsers Integrated into some operating systems Requires chat client software Some of this kind of software is considered system software because it works with hardware and trans- mission media When using this kind of product, students actively become involved in the learning process ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: A T S B R C D Q PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 175 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: P E O F M N G H L J K I PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 176 176 162 167 161 162 174 174 174 174 174 176 ESSAY 1. Define the following five categories of software: packaged, custom, Web application, open source, and shareware. ANS: � Packaged software is mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a wide vari- ety of users, not just a single user or company. Word processing and spreadsheet software are ex- amples of packaged software. Packaged software is available in retail stores or on the Web. � Custom software performs functions specific to a business or industry. Sometimes a company cannot find packaged software that meets its unique requirements. In this case, the company may use pro- grammers to develop tailor-made custom software, which usually costs more than packaged software. � A Web application is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any com- puter or device that is connected to the Internet. Many Web sites provide free access to their programs; some charge a fee. Examples of Web applications include e-mail, word processing, tax preparation, and game programs. � Open source software is software provided for use, modification, and redistribution. This software has no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification of the software�s internal instruc- tions and redistribution of the software. Open source software usually can be downloaded from the In- ternet, sometimes at no cost. � Shareware is copyrighted software that is distributed at no cost for a trial period. To use a shareware program beyond that period, you send payment to the program developer. Shareware developers trust users to send payment if software use extends beyond the stated trial period. In some cases, a scaled- down version of the software is distributed free, and payment entitles the use to the fully functional product. PTS: 1 REF: 142-143 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. Discuss what it means to develop a word-processing document. Include explanations of editing and formatting in your answer. ANS: With application software, such as word processing, users create, edit, format, save, and print docu- ments. During the process of developing a document, users likely will switch back and forth among all of these activities. When you create a document, you enter text or numbers, insert images, and perform other tasks using an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, or digital pen. If you are using Microsoft Office Word to design a flyer, for example, you are creating a document. To edit a document means to make changes to its existing content. Common editing tasks include inserting, deleting, cutting, copy- ing, and pasting. Inserting text involves adding text to a document. Deleting text means that you are re- moving text or other content. Cutting is the process of removing a portion of the document and storing it in a temporary storage location, sometimes called a clipboard. A clipboard also contains items that you copy (duplicate) in a document. Pasting is the process of transferring an item from a clipboard to a specific location in a document. When users format a document, they change its appearance. Format- ting is important because the overall look of a document significantly can affect its ability to commu- nicate clearly. Examples of formatting tasks are changing the font, font size, or font style of text. A font is a name assigned to a specific design of characters. Two basic types of fonts are serif and sans serif. A serif font has short decorative lines at the upper and lower ends of the characters. Sans means without. Thus, a sans serif font does not have the short decorative lines at the upper and lower ends of the characters. Cambria is an example of a serif font. Calibri is an example of a sans serif font. Font size indicates the size of the characters in a particular font. Font size is gauged by a measurement sys- tem called points. A single point is about 1/72 of an inch in height. PTS: 1 REF: 149 TOP: Critical Thinking 3. Describe how spreadsheets like the one in the accompanying figure are organized. ANS: A spreadsheet file is similar to a notebook that can contain more than 1,000 related individual work- sheets. Data is organized vertically in columns and horizontally in rows on each worksheet. Each worksheet usually can have more than 16,000 columns and 1 million rows. One or more letters identi- fy each column, and a number identifies each row. Only a small fraction of the columns and rows are displayed on the screen at one time. Scrolling through the worksheet displays different parts of it on the screen. A cell is the intersection of a column and row. Each worksheet has more than 17 billion cells in which you can enter data. The spreadsheet software identifies cells by the column and row in which they are located. For example, the intersection of column B and row 6 is referred to as cell B6. Cells may contain three types of data: labels, values, and formulas. The text, or label, entered in a cell identifies the worksheet data and helps organize the worksheet. Using descriptive labels, such as Total Net Revenue and Total Expenditures, helps make a worksheet more meaningful. PTS: 1 REF: 150-151 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. List five different Excel functions and their arguments/purpose. ANS: Financial FV (rate, number of periods, payment) Calculates the future value of an investment NPV (rate, range) Calculates the net present value of an investment PMT (rate, number of periods, present value) Calculates the periodic payment for an annuity PV (rate, number of periods, payment) Calculates the present value of an investment RATE (number of periods, payment, present value) Calculates the periodic interest rate of an annuity Date and Time DATE Returns the current date NOW Returns the current date and time TIME Returns the current time Mathematical ABS (number) Returns the absolute value of a number INT (number) Rounds a number down to the nearest integer LN (number) Calculates the natural logarithm of a number LOG (number, base) Calculates the logarithm of a number to a specified base ROUND (number, number of digits) Rounds a number to a specified number of digits SQRT (number) Calculates the square root of a number SUM (range) Calculates the total of a range of numbers Statistical AVERAGE (range) Calculates the average value of a range of numbers COUNT (range) Counts how many cells in the range have numeric entries MAX (range) Returns the maximum value in a range MIN (range) Returns the minimum value in a range STDEV (range) Calculates the standard deviation of a range of numbers Logical IF (logical test, value if true, value if false) Performs a test and returns one value if the result of the test is true and another value if the result is false PTS: 1 REF: 152 TOP: Critical Thinking 5. Discuss what note taking software is and how it is used. ANS: Note taking software is application software that enables users to enter typed text, handwritten com- ments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on a page and then save the page as part of a notebook. The software can convert handwritten comments to typed text or store the notes in handwritten form. Users also can include audio recordings as part of their notes. Users find note taking software convenient during meetings, class lectures, conferences, in libraries, and other settings that previously required a pencil and tablet of paper for recording thoughts and discussions. PTS: 1 REF: 156 TOP: Critical Thinking 6. Explain what personal finance software is, and how it differs from accounting software. ANS: Personal finance software is a simplified accounting program that helps home users and small office/home office users balance their checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income and expenses, set up budgets, manage home inventory, track investments, and evaluate financial plans. Personal finance software helps determine where, and for what purpose, you are spending money so you can manage your finances. Reports can summarize transactions by category (such as dining), by payee (such as the electric company), or by time (such as the last two months). Financial planning features include ana- lyzing home and personal loans, preparing income taxes, and managing retirement savings. Most of these personal finance programs also offer a variety of online services, which require access to the In- ternet. For example, users can track investments online, compare insurance rates from leading insur- ance companies, and bank online. Online banking offers access to account balances, provides bill pay- ing services, and allows you to download monthly transactions and statements from the Web directly to your computer. PTS: 1 REF: 166 TOP: Critical Thinking CASE Critical Thinking Questions Case 1 Your friends know that you understand a lot about computers, both the technical details of how they operate as well as information about software. Lately, with all of the concerns about copyright in- fringement, friends have started to ask you about categories of application software and what each kind permits. 1. Christine is looking for desktop publishing software that is available for no cost. She is not concerned if the application is a scaled-down version of the fully functional product. What category of software will you recommend as a good match for her? a. Web-based c. custom b. packaged d. shareware ANS: d. PTS: 1 REF: 143 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. DeRobb is looking for a spreadsheet program that is available at no cost, but that also puts no restric- tions on his use of it. If he wants to share it with a friend, or make copies of it and distribute it, he wants to be able to do so. What kind of software do you recommend he should be looking at? a. public-domain c. custom b. freeware d. shareware ANS: a. PTS: 1 REF: 143 TOP: Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Questions Case 2 It looks like you are not done yet making recommendations to your friends about software. 3. Balthazar is looking for accounting software for his new small business. Which of the following could you suggest for him? a. IBM Organizer c. Palm Desktop b. SureTrak Project Manager d. Intuit QuickBooks ANS: d. PTS: 1 REF: 146 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. Karen is looking for note taking software for her new Tablet PC. Which of the following can she use? a. Sage MAS 500 c. Corel Grafigo b. Apropos Interaction Management Suite d. PDF Converter PaperPort ANS: c. PTS: 1 REF: 146 TOP: Critical Thinking Chapter 7: Storage MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ____ holds data, instructions, and information for future use. a. Storage c. Throughput b. Output d. Input ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 352 2. ____ storage is the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information. a. Primary c. Tertiary b. Secondary d. all of the above ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 353 3. ____ is the number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold. a. Resolution c. Capacity b. Dimensionality d. Retention ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 354 4. A(n) ____ device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage me- dia. a. concatenation c. resolved b. indexed d. storage ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 354 5. The inflexible, circular platters on ____ disks use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and in- formation on a disk�s surface. a. hard c. optical b. digital d. indexed ANS: A PTS: 1 6. Memory (chips) accesses items in ____. a. nanoseconds b. microseconds ANS: A PTS: 1 7. Storage devices access items in ____. a. nanoseconds b. microseconds ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 355 c. milliseconds d. seconds REF: 355 c. milliseconds d. either B or C REF: 355 8. The smallest unit of data a computer can process is a(n) ____. a. cluster c. bit b. allocation unit d. integer ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 355 9. Experts estimate that hard disks using perpendicular recording will provide storage capacities about ____ times greater than disks that use longitudinal recording. a. 3 c. 10 b. 7 d. 15 ANS: C PTS: 1 10. Businesses use hard disks to store ____. a. correspondence b. contracts ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 356 c. customer orders and invoices d. all of the above REF: 356 11. ____ is the process of dividing a disk into tracks and sectors, so the operating system can store and locate data and information on the disk. a. Indexing c. Recording b. Formatting d. Elongating ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 357 12. A(n) ____ is made of aluminum, glass, or ceramic and is coated with an alloy material that allows items to be recorded magnetically on its surface. a. sector c. vector b. read/write head d. platter ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 357 13. All of the following are characteristics of hard disks EXCEPT ____. a. write-protect notch c. sectors and tracks b. read/write head d. capacity ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 357 14. On desktop computers, platters have a(n) ____ factor, or size, of approximately 3.5 inches in diameter. a. base c. form b. shape d. dimensionality ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 358 15. A read/write ____ is the mechanism that reads and writes items in the drive as it barely touches the disk�s recording surface. a. head c. vector b. index d. notch ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 358 16. A(n) ____ is a duplicate of a file, program, or disk that can be used in case the original is lost, dam- aged, or destroyed. a. cache c. home site b. backup d. baseline ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 358 17. Access time for today�s hard disks range from ____. a. 8 - 10 KBps c. 3 - 12 ms b. 3 - 12 MBps d. 5,400 � 15,000 rpm ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 358 18. Depending on the type of hard disk, transfer rates range from ____. a. 12 -24 MBps c. 15 - 320 MBps b. 125 - 200 KBps d. 4,500 � 15,000 rpm ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 358 19. Some computers improve hard disk access time by using a disk ____, which consists of memory chips that store frequently accessed items. a. warehouse c. base b. cache d. home ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 359 20. A group of two or more integrated hard disks is called a(n) ____. a. pocket c. RAID b. UFC d. baseline ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 360 21. ____ devices are servers connected to a network with the sole purpose of providing storage. a. RAID c. NAS b. RAS d. RAN ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 360 22. A(n) ____ hard drive is a self-contained unit that you insert in and remove from a slot or USB port in a device or a computer. a. personal c. USB b. mini d. removable ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 360 23. Devices including all of the following EXCEPT ____ often have internal miniature hard disks. a. laptops c. digital cameras b. media players d. smart phones ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 361 24. Miniature hard disks have storage capacities that range from 1 GB to ____. a. 10 GB c. 220 GB b. 110 GB d. 320 GB ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 361 25. A disk ____ consists of a special-purpose chip and electronic circuits that control the transfer of data, instructions, and information from a disk to and from the system bus and other components in the computer. a. controller c. indexer b. router d. tablet ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 361 26. An advantage of portable hard disks and removable hard disks is that users can ____. a. transport a large number of files b. add storage space to a notebook computer or Tablet PC c. easily store large audio and video files d. all of the above ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 361 27. Current ____ have storage capacities of 16 GB to 256 GB and more. a. optical pens c. access drives b. SSDs d. UMXs ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 363 28. A(n) ____ flash memory card has a storage capacity of 1 GB to 16 GB. a. CompactFlash c. Secure Digital b. Memory Stick PRO Duo d. xD Picture Card ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 365 29. A(n) ____ flash memory card has a storage capacity of 512 MB to 8 GB. a. CompactFlash c. Secure Digital b. Memory Stick PRO Duo d. xD Picture Card ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 365 30. Common types of flash memory cards include ____. a. CompactFlash (CF) c. xD Picture Card b. Secure Digital (SD) and Memory Stick d. all of the above ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 365 31. The cost of an 16 GB CompactFlash card is the same as a ____ GB external hard disk. a. 100 c. 640 b. 250 d. 1020 ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 365 32. A card ____ is a device that reads data, instructions, and information stored on flash memory cards. a. access stick c. access port b. reader/writer d. restorer ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 365 33. A(n) ____ smart drive is a special type of USB flash drive that includes preinstalled software accessed through a Windows-type interface. a. U1 c. U3 b. U2 d. U4 ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 367 34. As shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____ drive is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port on a computer or portable device. a. ATM c. thumb b. smart d. thin ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 367 35. If the computer has an internal hard disk (drive C) and a DVD drive (drive D) and no other disk drives, what drive will the USB flash drive like the one shown in the accompanying figure probably be? a. A c. E b. B d. None of the above ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 367 36. Current USB flash drives like the one in the accompanying figure have transfer rates of ____. a. 2 MBps c. 12 MBps b. 4 MBps d. 20 MBps ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 367 37. ExpressCard modules can be used to add all of the following EXCEPT ____ capabilities to a com- puter. a. memory c. printing b. storage d. communications ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 367 38. ____ storage is an Internet service that provides storage to computer users. a. Encrypted c. Cloud b. Shared d. Net ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 368 39. Many cloud storage providers offer ____. a. encryption b. Web applications ANS: D PTS: 1 c. passwords d. all of the above REF: 368 40. Google Docs is a cloud storage provider for all of the following EXCEPT ____. a. spreadsheets c. e-mail messages b. presentations d. documents ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 368 41. Users subscribe to a cloud storage service like the kind advertised in the accompanying figure to ____. a. save time by storing large files instantaneously b. allow others to access files c. store offsite backups of data d. all of the above ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 369 42. Some cloud storage services charge an additional per ____ fee for data transferred to and from the cloud storage service. a. megabyte c. petabyte b. terabyte d. gigabyte ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 369 43. A(n) ____ disc is a type of storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser. a. magnetic c. laser-ready b. solid-state d. optical ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 370 44. Optical discs like the kind shown in the accompanying figure usually are ____ than one-twentieth of an inch thick. a. 3.5 inches in diameter and less c. 3.5 inches in diameter and more b. 4.75 inches in diameter and less d. 4.75 inches in diameter and more ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 370 45. The drive designation of an optical disc drive, into which the disc shown in the accompanying figure would fit, usually ____. a. precedes alphabetically before that of all the hard disks b. comes alphabetically between that of the hard disks c. follows alphabetically after that of all the hard disks d. none of the above ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 370 46. Optical discs like the one in the accompanying figure commonly store items in ____. a. random locations anywhere between the center of the disc and the edge of the disc b. multiple pie-shaped sections that break a track into arcs c. a single track that spirals from the center of the disc to the edge of the disc d. multiple concentric tracks from the center of the disc to the edge of the disc ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 371 47. All of the following may scratch or damage an optical disc EXCEPT ____. a. holding a disk by its edges c. touching the underside of a disc b. stacking disks d. exposing disks to any type of contaminant ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 371 48. Place a CD or DVD in its protective case, called a(n) ____ box, when it is not being used. a. ROM c. sector b. jewel d. ultimate ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 371 49. A(n) ____ is a type of optical disc that users can read but not write or erase. a. CD-R c. DVD-ROM b. CD-RW d. DVD-RW ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 372 50. A standard CD-ROM is called a ____ disc because manufacturers write all items on the disc at one time. a. multisession c. unisession b. single-session d. compound-session ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 372 51. A typical CD-ROM holds from ____ of data, instructions, and information. a. 450 MB - 650 MB c. 650 GB - 950 GB b. 45 MB - 100 MB d. 650 MB - 1 GB ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 372 52. Manufacturers measure the speed of all optical disc drives relative to the original CD-ROM drive, us- ing an X to denote the original transfer rate of 150 ____. a. KBps (kilobytes per second) c. GBps (gigabytes per second) b. MBps (megabytes per second) d. TBps (terabytes per second) ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 373 53. Current CD-ROM drives have transfer rates ranging from ____. a. 4X - 8X c. 48X - 75X b. 24X - 48X d. 100X and faster ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 373 54. A ____ overcomes the major disadvantage of CD-R disks, which is being able to write on them only once. a. CD-ROM c. CD-RW b. DVD-ROM d. DVD-R ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 373 55. Manufacturers state the speeds of CD-RW drives in this order: ____. a. rewrite speed, write speed, and read speed b. write speed, read speed, and rewrite speed c. read speed, rewrite speed, and write speed d. write speed, rewrite speed, and read speed ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 373 56. Instead of using CD-R, many users opt for ____, which is an erasable multisession disc users can write on multiple times. a. CD-W b. CD-WR ANS: C c. CD-RW d. CD-X PTS: 1 REF: 373 57. A(n) ____ is a multisession optical disc on which users can write but not erase their own items such as text, graphics, and audio. a. CD-R c. CD-RW b. CD-W d. CD-RWR ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 373 58. ____ means you can write on one part of a disc at one time and another part at a later time. a. Indexed c. Multipart MIME b. Multisession d. S-MIME ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 373 59. To write on a CD-RW disc, users must have CD-RW software and a CD-RW ____. a. port c. drive b. bus d. shell ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 373 60. A Kodak ____ CD is a type of CD-ROM that stores digital versions of a single roll of film using a jpg file format. a. Picture c. Optical b. Image d. Graphics ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 374 61. The storage capacity of a DVD-ROM is ____ that of a CD because images are stored at higher resolu- tions. a. greater than a CD, and a DVD�s quality far surpasses b. less than a CD, but a DVD�s quality far surpasses c. greater than a CD, but a DVD�s quality is far less than d. less than a CD, and a DVD�s quality is far less than ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 375 62. A storage technique that a DVD-ROM can use to achieve a higher storage capacity than a CD-ROM is to ____. a. make the disc more dense by packing the pits closer together b. use two layers of pits c. be double-sided d. all of the above ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 375 63. A(n) ____ is a high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase. a. DVD-RW c. DVD-R b. DVD-ROM d. Blu-ray ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 375 64. A DVD ____ is a drive that usually can read audio CDs, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, and CD-RWs, in addition to DVD-ROMs. a. player c. port b. bridge d. bus ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 375 65. With future technology, a(n) ____ potentially will contain up to 20 layers, each with a capacity of 5 GB. a. HD VMD c. High-Def b. Blu-ray d. HD-DVD ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 375 66. A newer, expensive type of disk, called a(n) ____, has storage capacities up to 100 GB, with expecta- tions of exceeding 200 GB in the future. a. DVD-RW c. CD-ROM b. DVD-ROM d. BD-ROM ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 375 67. All of the following are competing rewritable DVD formats except ____. a. DVD-RW c. DVD+RAM b. DVD+R d. DVD+RW ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 376 68. ____ is a high-capacity rewritable DVD format. a. DD DVD-R c. CD DVD-R b. BD-RE d. UMD DVD-R ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 376 69. Tape ____. a. no longer is used as a primary method of storage but is used most often for long-term stor- age and backup b. is used as a primary method of storage and for long-term storage and backup c. no longer is used for long-term storage and backup but is used most often as a primary method of storage d. no longer is used as a primary method of storage or for long-term storage and backup ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 376 70. All of the following use direct access except ____. a. CDs c. tape b. DVDs d. hard disks ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 376 71. ____ is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and informa- tion at a low cost. a. Tape c. Indexed data b. Opticon d. Threaded memory ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 376 72. Comparable to a tape recorder, a tape ____ reads and writes data and information on a tape. a. reader c. port b. drive d. adapter ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 376 73. A tape ____ is a small, rectangular, plastic housing for tape. a. backup c. cartridge b. sleeve d. envelope ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 376 74. On larger computers, tape cartridges are mounted in a separate cabinet called a tape ____. a. farm c. library b. storage unit d. box ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 376 75. Tape storage requires ____ access, which refers to reading or writing data consecutively. a. consequential c. inferential b. tangential d. sequential ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 376 76. One popular use of ____ is to store a prepaid amount of money, as in a prepaid telephone calling card. a. smart cards c. ExpressCards b. floppy disks d. hard disks ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 377 77. A(n) ____ card, which is similar in size to a credit card or ATM card, stores data on a thin micropro- cessor embedded in the card. a. tool c. view b. micro d. smart ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 377 78. ____ is a small sheet of film, usually about 4 inches by 6 inches, that stores microscopic images of documents. a. Microfilm c. Microfiche b. Microtape d. Microsheet ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 378 79. A computer output ____ recorder is the device that records images on microfilm. a. microtape c. microsheet b. microfiche d. microfilm ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 378 80. The use of microfilm and microfiche provides all of the following advantages except ____. a. they greatly reduce the amount of paper firms must handle b. they are inexpensive c. they have the longest life of any storage media d. they can be read without a microfilm or microfiche reader ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 378 MULTIPLE RESPONSE Modified Multiple Choice 1. When a processor requests ____ from the hard disk, the hard disk first checks the disk cache. a. output c. instructions b. data d. information ANS: B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 359 2. Which of the following is a value for the disk cache contained by hard disks today? a. 4 MB c. 12 MB b. 4 GB d. 12 GB ANS: A, C PTS: 1 REF: 359 3. To prevent the loss of items stored on a hard disk, preventive maintenance should be performed regu- larly, such as ____. a. defragmenting b. removing contaminants from the hard disk platter c. scanning the disk for errors d. rotating the hard disk platters ANS: A, C PTS: 1 REF: 362 4. The ____ interface uses parallel signals to transfer data, instructions, and information. a. SATA c. SCSI b. EIDE d. USP ANS: B, C PTS: 1 REF: 361-362 5. Some solid state drives have form factors of ____. a. 1.8 inch c. 3.5 inch b. 2.5 inch d. 5.25 inch ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 REF: 363 6. The fact that ____ is an example of an advantage of SSDs over magnetic hard disks. a. access times of SSDs are about 0.1 ms b. SSDs will last more than 50 years c. SSD transfer rates range from 80 to 100 MBps d. SSDs generate less heat and consume less power than hard disks ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 363 7. To ____ images and information stored on memory cards, its contents must be transferred to a desktop computer or other device. a. view c. edit b. rasterize d. print ANS: A, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 365 8. Card readers/writers usually connect to the ____ port on the system unit. a. AGP c. parallel b. USB ANS: B, D d. FireWire PTS: 1 9. Most DVD-ROM drives can read ____. a. audio CDs b. CD-Rs ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 366 c. CD-ROMs d. CD-RWs REF: 375 10. Smart cards contain a processor and have ____ capability. a. communications c. input b. output d. storage ANS: B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 377 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. When storage devices write data on storage media, they are creating input. _________________________ ANS: F, output PTS: 1 REF: 354-355 2. When storage devices read data from storage media, they function as a source of output. _________________________ ANS: F, input PTS: 1 REF: 355 3. The access time of storage devices is fast, compared with the access time of memory. _________________________ ANS: F, slow PTS: 1 REF: 355 4. One file on a disc can span many form factors. _________________________ ANS: F, clusters PTS: 1 REF: 358 5. SSDs have a lower failure rate than hard disks. _________________________ ANS: F, higher PTS: 1 REF: 363 6. Some optical discs are double-sided. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 370 7. Optical discs store items by using microscopic lands (indentations) that are in the middle layer of the disc. _________________________ ANS: F, pits PTS: 1 REF: 370 8. On an optical disc, a land causes light to reflect, which is read as binary digit 0. _________________________ ANS: F, 1 PTS: 1 REF: 371 9. As with a hard disk, the single track on an optical disc is divided into variably sized sectors on which items are stored. _________________________ ANS: F, evenly PTS: 1 REF: 371 10. A DVD-RW is a high-capacity optical disc on which users can read but not write or erase. _________________________ ANS: F, DVD-ROM PTS: 1 REF: 375 TRUE/FALSE 1. When a user issues a command to start application software, the operating system locates the program in memory and loads it into storage. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 352 2. Storage requirements among all kinds of users are exactly the same. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 353 3. Current personal computer hard disks typically have storage capacities of less than 20 GB. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 355 4. A hard disk�s platters typically continue to spin even after power is removed from the computer. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 358 5. A hard disk platter�s spinning motion creates a cushion of air above the read/write head, which ensures that the read/write head makes contact with the platter surface instead of floating above the platter. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 358 6. Although current internal hard disks are built to withstand shocks and are sealed tightly to keep out contaminants, head crashes still occur. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 358 7. Depending on the type of hard disk, transfer rates normally range from 2 MBps to 8 MBps. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 358 8. The greater the disk cache, the slower the hard disk. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 359 9. Removable hard disks have storage capacities up to 500 GB. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 360 10. External or removable hard disks like the ones in the accompanying figure transfer data at much faster rates than internal hard disks. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 361 11. Depending on the device, manufacturers claim memory cards can last from 10 to 100 years. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 365 12. Memory cards are quite inexpensive compared to other storage media. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 365 13. A Secure Digital card has a storage capacity of 64 MB to 8 GB. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 365 14. The type of memory card you have will determine the type of card reader/writer needed. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 366 15. A CompactFlash card has a maximum storage capacity of 32 GB. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 365 16. Some users choose cloud storage instead of storing data locally on a hard disk or other media. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 368 17. Types of services offered by cloud storage providers are the same from provider to provider. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 368 18. One reason users store data and information using cloud storage is to view time-critical data and im- ages immediately while away from a main office or location. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 369 19. Users who subscribe to disk-based storage like the kind advertised in the accompanying figure can save on the Internet hard disk in the same manner they save on their local hard disk. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 369 20. Cloud storage is available for all sizes of users, with various degrees of storage services available for home and business users. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 369 21. Smaller computers and devices cannot use optical storage discs. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 370 22. Optical discs should be stored in a flat (horizontal) position. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 371 23. Manufacturers claim that a properly cared for CD or DVD will last 5 years, but could last up to 250 years. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 371 24. You can erase a DVD+R. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 372 25. You can read, write, and erase a DVD-R. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 372 26. Manufacturers write, or record, the contents of standard CD-ROMs, and users only can read the con- tents of these discs. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 372 27. Because audio CDs and CD-ROMs use different laser technologies, a CD-ROM drive cannot be used to listen to an audio CD while working on the computer. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 372 28. A 52X CD-ROM drive has a data transfer rate of 7.2 MBps. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 373 29. The speed of a CD-ROM drive has no effect on how fast it installs programs or accesses the disc. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 373 30. Faster CD-ROM drives are less expensive than slower drives. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 373 31. Each part of a CD-R can be written on multiple times, and the disc�s contents can be erased. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 373 32. A popular use of CD-RW and CD-R discs is to create audio CDs. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 373 33. Some operating systems, such as Windows Vista, include the capability of lasering discs. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 373 34. Current CD-RW drives have write speeds of 128X or more. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 373 35. Many film developers offer Picture CD service for customers when they drop off film to be developed. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 374 36. Most optical disc drives can read a Picture CD. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 374 37. You can erase a DVD-ROM. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 375 38. DVD-ROM drives can read DVDs at speeds of 52X or more. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 375 39. Although the size and the shape of CD-ROM and DVD-ROM are different, a DVD-ROM stores data, instructions, and information in exactly the same manner and thus achieves the same storage capacity. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 375 40. All DVD-ROMs are single-sided. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 375 41. DVD-R and DVD+R are competing DVD-recordable formats. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 376 42. Rewritable drives usually can read a variety of DVD and CD media. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 376 43. Instead of recordable DVDs, most users work with reformattable DVDs. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 376 44. Although older computers used tape cartridges, today�s computers use reel-to-reel tape drives. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 376 45. Tape cartridges that contain quarter-inch-wide tape are slightly smaller than audiocassette tapes. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 376 46. Some personal computers have external tape units. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 376 47. When writing or reading specific data, direct access is much slower than sequential access. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 376 48. A computer output microfilm recorder is the device that records the images on microfiche. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 378 49. The images stored on microfilm and microfiche are so large that they can be read without a microfilm or microfiche reader. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 378 50. To meet their large-scale needs, enterprises use special hardware geared for heavy use. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 379 COMPLETION 1. To start up, a computer locates an operating system in storage and loads it into ____________________. ANS: memory PTS: 1 REF: 352 2. Examples of ____________________ are hard disks, solid state drives, memory cards, USB flash drives, ExpressCard modules, optical discs, smart cards, and microfilm. ANS: storage media PTS: 1 REF: 353 3. Of microfiche, Express Cards, memory, and hard disks, all are examples of nonvolatile storage media except ____________________. ANS: memory PTS: 1 REF: 354 4. ____________________ is the process of transferring data, instructions, and information from memory to a storage medium. ANS: Writing PTS: 1 REF: 354 5. ____________________ is the process of transferring data, instructions, and information from a stor- age medium into memory. ANS: Reading PTS: 1 REF: 354 6. ____________________ time measures the amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium. ANS: Access PTS: 1 REF: 355 7. ____________________ rate is the speed with which data, instructions, and information transfer to and from a device. ANS: Transfer PTS: 1 REF: 355 8. Storage devices access items in ____________________. ANS: milliseconds thousandths of a second microseconds millionths of a second PTS: 1 REF: 355 9. Transfer rates for storage are stated in ____________________, MBps, and GBps. ANS: KBps kilobytes per second kilobytes per second (KBps) KBps (kilobytes per second) PTS: 1 REF: 355 10. With respect to a storage medium, the term ____________________ means users can remove the me- dium from one computer and carry it to another computer. ANS: portable PTS: 1 REF: 355 11. The hard disk that is mounted inside the system unit sometimes is called a(n) ____________________ disk. ANS: fixed PTS: 1 REF: 355 12. Traditionally, hard disks stored data using ____________________ recording, which aligned the mag- netic particles horizontally around the surface of the disk. ANS: longitudinal PTS: 1 REF: 356 13. If a personal computer has only one hard disk, it is designated as drive ____________________. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 356 14. Experts estimate that hard disks using ____________________ recording will provide storage capacit- ies about 10 times greater than disks that use longitudinal recording. ANS: perpendicular PTS: 1 REF: 356 15. With ____________________ recording, hard disks align the magnetic particles vertically, making much greater storage capacities possible. ANS: perpendicular PTS: 1 REF: 356 16. A(n) ____________________ is a narrow recording band that forms a full circle on the surface of the disk. ANS: track PTS: 1 REF: 357 17. A disk�s storage locations consist of pie-shaped sections, which break the tracks into small arcs called ____________________. ANS: sectors PTS: 1 REF: 357 18. A(n) ____________________ unit is the smallest unit of disk space that stores data and information. ANS: allocation PTS: 1 REF: 357 19. Current personal computer hard disks like the one shown in the accompanying figure have storage ca- pacities from 160 GB to 1.5 ____________________ and more. ANS: TB terabyte terabyte (TB) TB (terabyte) PTS: 1 REF: 355 20. A(n) ____________________ on a hard disk, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, is made of aluminum, glass, or ceramic and is coated with an alloy material that allows items to be recorded magnetically on its surface. ANS: platter PTS: 1 REF: 357 21. On a hard disk like that shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____________________ is a vertical section of track that passes through all platters on a hard disk. ANS: cylinder PTS: 1 REF: 358 22. While the computer is running, the platters in a hard disk (such as that shown in the accompanying fig- ure) usually rotate at 5,400 to 15,000 ____________________, which allows nearly instant access to all tracks and sectors. ANS: revolutions per minute rpm revolutions per minute (rpm) rpm (revolutions per minute) PTS: 1 REF: 358 23. A(n) ____________________ occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a hard disk platter, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, usually resulting in a loss of data and sometimes loss of the entire drive. ANS: head crash PTS: 1 REF: 358 24. As shown on the top in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____________________ hard disk is a separate free-standing hard disk that connects with a cable to a USB port or FireWire port on the system unit. ANS: external PTS: 1 REF: 360 25. As shown on the bottom in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____________________ hard disk is a hard disk that users insert and remove from either a dock or drive. ANS: removable PTS: 1 REF: 360 26. ____________________ uses serial signals to transfer data, instructions, and information. ANS: SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) SAS Serial-attached SCSI SAS (serial-attached SCSI) Serial-attached SCSI (SAS) PTS: 1 REF: 361-362 27. ____________________ is a hard disk interface that can support up to four hard disks at 137 GB per disk. ANS: EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) PTS: 1 REF: 361 28. The primary advantage of the ____________________ interface is the cables are thinner, longer, more flexible, and less susceptible to interference. ANS: SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) PTS: 1 REF: 361 29. Flash memory cards are a type of ____________________ media, which means they consist entirely of electronics and contain no moving parts. ANS: solid state PTS: 1 REF: 362 30. The ____________________ is a hard disk interface that can support up to eight or fifteen peripheral devices. ANS: SCSI Small Computer System Interface SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) PTS: 1 REF: 362 31. Some manufacturers market their ____________________ interfaces as Fast ATA or Ultra ATA. ANS: EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) PTS: 1 REF: 362 32. ____________________ storage like the kind advertised in the accompanying figure is an Internet ser- vice that provides hard disk storage to computer users. ANS: Cloud PTS: 1 REF: 368 33. ____________________ modules commonly are used in notebook computers. ANS: ExpressCard PTS: 1 REF: 367 34. A(n) ____________________ module is a removable flash memory device that fits in an ExpressCard slot. ANS: ExpressCard PTS: 1 REF: 367 35. The process of writing on an optical disc is called ____________________. ANS: burning PTS: 1 REF: 373 36. The process of copying audio and/or video data from a purchased disc and saving it on digital media is called ____________________. ANS: ripping PTS: 1 REF: 373 37. A mini-DVD that has grown in popularity is the ____________________, which has a diameter of about 2.4 inches and can store up to 1.8 GB of games, movies, or music. ANS: Universal Media Disc UMD UMD (Universal Media Disc) Universal Media Disc (UMD) PTS: 1 REF: 375 38. A mini-DVD that has grown in popularity is the ____________________, which works specifically with the PlayStation Portable handheld game console. ANS: UMD Universal Media Disc UMD (Universal Media Disc) Universal Media Disc (UMD) PTS: 1 REF: 375 39. ____________________ access means that a device can locate a particular data item or file immedi- ately, without having to move consecutively through items stored in front of the desired item or file. ANS: Direct Random PTS: 1 REF: 376 40. One of the first storage media used with mainframe computers was ____________________. ANS: tape PTS: 1 MATCHING REF: 376 Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition. a. capacity k. memory cards b. backup l. sectors c. density m. CD-RW d. RAID n. SCSI e. NAS o. cylinder f. EIDE p. transfer rate g. SAS q. hard disk h. SSD r. volatile i. USB flash drive s. system unit j. cloud t. direct 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Kind of interface that has transfer rates up to 640 MBps 12. The operating system marks bad ones as unusable when a disk is formatted 13. Contains at least one hard disk on most desktop computers 14. Enclosed in an airtight, sealed case to protect it from contamination 15. Used in descriptions of a storage device�s capabilities sometimes, instead of access time 16. A duplicate of a file, program, or disk placed in a separate storage medium 17. Describes a storage medium in which items are held only temporarily 18. The number of bits in an area on a storage medium 19. A group of two or more integrated hard disks 20. Some home or small business users opt to add up to 6 TB or more of hard disk storage space to their network with this kind of device The location of a hard disk�s read/write heads is often referred to by this A hard disk that uses parallel signals to transfer data, instructions, and information The number of bytes a storage medium can hold Its reliability tends to diminish with each successive rewrite A newer type of SCSI that uses serial signals to transfer data, instructions, and information A storage device that typically uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and information Another name for random access Kind of storage that is an Internet service providing storage to computer users Some printers have slots to read these Also called a thumb drive 1. ANS: 2. ANS: 3. ANS: 4. ANS: 5. ANS: 6. ANS: 7. ANS: 8. ANS: 9. ANS: 10. ANS: 11. ANS: 12. ANS: 13. ANS: 14. ANS: 15. ANS: 16. ANS: 17. ANS: N L S Q P B R C D E O F A M G H T PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 362 357 355 355 355 358 354 359 360 360 358 361 354 373 362 363 376 18. ANS: J 19. ANS: K 20. ANS: I PTS: 1 PTS: 1 PTS: 1 REF: 368 REF: 365 REF: 367 CASE Critical Thinking Questions Case 1 In all of the advertisements for personal computers, vendors usually state the type of hard disk inter- face supported by the hard disk controller, so it is important that you understand the types of available hard disk interfaces, so you can make the most informed choice possible. 1. You are in the market for a disk controller that will support a high number of peripheral devices. What disk controller will do the trick? a. EIDE c. SATA b. SCSI d. USB ANS: b. PTS: 1 REF: 362 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. After more consideration, you have decided that what you want most is an interface that is less sus- ceptible to interference. Which of the following is your best bet in this regard? a. SATA c. EIDE b. SCSI d. USB ANS: a. PTS: 1 REF: 361 TOP: Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Questions Case 2 You�ve begun work as a consultant to individuals and businesses, making recommendations to them about the kinds of systems they should buy and what equipment they should have. 3. Aaron is a user who travels extensively. Which of the following is he NOT likely to need? a. cloud storage c. 2.5 TB hard disk b. portable hard disk for backup d. USB flash drive ANS: c. PTS: 1 REF: 380 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. Sayed is a CAD operator at a manufacturing facility. What is a good recommendation for the size of his hard disk? a. 250 GB c. 100 GB b. 500 GB d. 2.5 TB ANS: d. PTS: 1 REF: 380 TOP: Critical Thinking ESSAY 1. Discuss how the speed of storage devices and memory is defined. ANS: The speed of storage devices and memory is defined by access time. Access time measures (1) the amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium or (2) the time required to deliver an item from memory to the processor. The access time of storage devices is slow, compared with the access time of memory. Memory (chips) accesses items in billionths of a second (nanoseconds). Storage devices, by contrast, access items in thousandths of a second (milliseconds) or millionths of a second (microseconds). Instead of, or in addition to access time, some manufacturers state a storage device�s transfer rate because it affects access time. Transfer rate is the speed with which data, instructions, and information transfer to and from a device. Transfer rates for storage are stated in KBps (kilobytes per second) and MBps (megabytes per second). PTS: 1 REF: 355 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. Explain the difference between perpendicular and longitudinal recording. ANS: Current personal computer hard disks have storage capacities from 160 GB to 1.5 TB and more. Tradi- tionally, hard disks stored data using longitudinal recording, which aligned the magnetic particles hori- zontally around the surface of the disk. With perpendicular recording, by contrast, hard disks align the magnetic particles vertically, or perpendicular to the disk�s surface, making much greater storage capa- cities possible. Experts estimate that hard disks using perpendicular recording will provide storage ca- pacities about 10 times greater than disks that use longitudinal recording. PTS: 1 REF: 356 TOP: Critical Thinking 3. Explain what must happen before any data can be read from or written on a hard disk, making sure to define all relevant terminology. ANS: Before any data can be read from or written on a hard disk, the disk must be formatted. Formatting is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors, so the operating system can store and locate data and information on the disk. A track is a narrow recording band that forms a full circle on the sur- face of the disk. The disk�s storage locations consist of pie-shaped sections, which break the tracks into small arcs called sectors. On a magnetic disk, a sector typically stores up to 512 bytes of data. For reading and writing purposes, sectors are grouped into clusters. A cluster is the smallest unit of disk space that stores data and information. Each cluster, also called an allocation unit, consists of two to eight sectors (the number varies depending on the operating system). Even if a file consists of only a few bytes, it uses an entire cluster. Each cluster holds data from only one file. One file, however, can span many clusters. PTS: 1 REF: 357 TOP: Critical Thinking 4. Discuss the use of tape historically and today, and define the two forms of access as part of the answer. ANS: One of the first storage media used with mainframe computers was tape. Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a low cost. Tape no longer is used as a primary method of storage. Instead, business users utilize tape most often for long- term storage and backup. Comparable to a tape recorder, a tape drive reads and writes data and inform- ation on a tape. Although older computers used reel-to-reel tape drives, today�s tape drives use tape cartridges. A tape cartridge is a small, rectangular, plastic housing for tape. Tape cartridges that con- tain quarter-inch-wide tape are slightly larger than audiocassette tapes. Business users sometimes back up personal computer hard disks to tape, often using an external tape drive. On larger computers, tape cartridges are mounted in a separate cabinet called a tape library. Transfer rates of tape drives range from 1.25 MBps to 6 MBps. Tape storage requires sequential access, which refers to reading or writing data consecutively. As with a music tape, you must forward or rewind the tape to a specific point to ac- cess a specific piece of data. For example, to access item W requires passing through points A through V sequentially. Hard disks, CDs, and DVDs all use direct access. Direct access, also called random ac- cess, means that the device can locate a particular data item or file immediately, without having to move consecutively through items stored in front of the desired data item or file. When writing or reading specific data, direct access is much faster than sequential access. PTS: 1 REF: 376 TOP: Critical Thinking 5. Explain what disk caching is. ANS: Hard disks improve their access time by using disk caching. Disk cache (pronounced cash), sometimes called a buffer, consists of a memory chip(s) on a hard disk that stores frequently accessed items such as data, instructions, and information. Disk cache and memory cache work in a similar fashion. When a processor requests data, instructions, or information from the hard disk, the hard disk first checks its disk cache � before moving any mechanical parts to access the platters. If the requested item is in disk cache, the hard disk sends it to the processor. If the hard disk does not find the requested item in the disk cache, then the processor must wait for the hard disk to locate and transfer the item from the disk to the processor. Hard disks today contain between 2 MB and 32 MB of disk cache. The greater the disk cache, the faster the hard disk. PTS: 1 REF: 359 6. What is enterprise storage? ANS: TOP: Critical Thinking A large business, commonly referred to as an enterprise, has hundreds or thousands of employees in offices across the country or around the world. Enterprises use computers and computer networks to manage and store huge volumes of data and information about customers, suppliers, and employees. To meet their large-scale needs, enterprises use special hardware geared for heavy use, maximum availability, and maximum efficiency. One or more servers on the network have the sole purpose of providing storage to connected users. For high-speed storage access, entire networks are dedicated ex- clusively to connecting devices that provide storage to other servers. In an enterprise, some storage systems can provide more than 185 terabytes (trillion bytes) of storage capacity. An enterprise�s stor- age needs usually grow daily. Thus, the storage solutions an enterprise chooses must be able to store its data and information requirements today and tomorrow. PTS: 1 REF: 379 TOP: Critical Thinking Who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates?
What type of devices refers to any hardware component that transmits information to one or more people?An output device is any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people. Three commonly used output devices are a printer, a monitor, and speakers.
What consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices?The principal system software is the operating system. It manages the hardware, data and program files, and other system resources and provides means for the user to control the computer, generally via a graphical user interface (GUI).
Is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer?An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer.
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