A nurse is teaching a client who is scheduled for a vanillylmandelic acid test to screen for

Vanillylmandelic Acid, Urine is a topic covered in the Davis's Lab & Diagnostic Tests.

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Which laboratory values should the nurse expect in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Which laboratory test is most important for the nurse to monitor to determine how effectively the client's diabetes is being managed?
Which findings should the nurse expect in a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state HHS )?
What is associated with glycosuria?

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Synonym/Acronym:
VMA.

Rationale
To assist in the diagnosis and follow up treatment of pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, and ganglioblastoma. This test can also be useful in evaluation and follow-up of hypertension.

Patient Preparation
There are no fluid restrictions unless by medical direction. Instruct the patient to abstain from smoking tobacco for 24 hr before testing. Usually, a 24-hr urine collection is ordered. As appropriate, provide the required urine collection container and specimen collection instructions. Inform the patient of the following dietary, medication, and activity restrictions in preparation for the test (protocols may vary among facilities):

The patient should not consume foods high in amines (bananas, avocados, beer, aged cheese, chocolate, cocoa, coffee, fava beans, grains, tea, vanilla, walnuts, and red wine) for 48 hr before testing.
The patient should not consume foods or fluids high in caffeine (coffee, tea, cocoa, and chocolate) for 48 hr before testing.
The patient should not consume any foods or fluids containing vanilla or licorice.
The patient should avoid self-prescribed medications (especially aspirin) and prescribed medications (especially pyridoxine, levodopa, amoxicillin, carbidopa, reserpine, and disulfiram) for 2 wk before testing and as directed.
The patient should avoid excessive exercise and stress during the 24-hr collection of urine.

Normal Findings
Method: High-performance liquid chromatography/MS/MS.

Age	Conventional Units	SI Units (Conventional Units × 5.05)
3–6 yr	Less than 2.6 mg/24 hr	Less than 13 micromol/24 hr
7–10 yr	Less than 3.2 mg/24 hr	Less than 16 micromol/24 hr
11–16 yr	Less than 5.2 mg/24 hr	Less than 26 micromol/24 hr
17–83 yr	Less than 6.5 mg/24 hr	Less than 33 micromol/24 hr

Critical Findings and Potential Interventions
N/A

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Synonym/Acronym:
VMA.

Rationale
To assist in the diagnosis and follow up treatment of pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, and ganglioblastoma. This test can also be useful in evaluation and follow-up of hypertension.

The patient should not consume foods high in amines (bananas, avocados, beer, aged cheese, chocolate, cocoa, coffee, fava beans, grains, tea, vanilla, walnuts, and red wine) for 48 hr before testing.
The patient should not consume foods or fluids high in caffeine (coffee, tea, cocoa, and chocolate) for 48 hr before testing.
The patient should not consume any foods or fluids containing vanilla or licorice.
The patient should avoid self-prescribed medications (especially aspirin) and prescribed medications (especially pyridoxine, levodopa, amoxicillin, carbidopa, reserpine, and disulfiram) for 2 wk before testing and as directed.
The patient should avoid excessive exercise and stress during the 24-hr collection of urine.

Normal Findings
Method: High-performance liquid chromatography/MS/MS.

Age	Conventional Units	SI Units (Conventional Units × 5.05)
3–6 yr	Less than 2.6 mg/24 hr	Less than 13 micromol/24 hr
7–10 yr	Less than 3.2 mg/24 hr	Less than 16 micromol/24 hr
11–16 yr	Less than 5.2 mg/24 hr	Less than 26 micromol/24 hr
17–83 yr	Less than 6.5 mg/24 hr	Less than 33 micromol/24 hr

Critical Findings and Potential Interventions
N/A

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Which laboratory values should the nurse expect in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Diabetic ketoacidosis is typically characterized by hyperglycemia over 250 mg/dL, a bicarbonate level less than 18 mEq/L, and a pH less than 7.30, with ketonemia and ketonuria.

Which laboratory test is most important for the nurse to monitor to determine how effectively the client's diabetes is being managed?

HbA1C (A1C or glycosylated hemoglobin test) The A1C test can diagnose prediabetes and diabetes. It measures your average blood glucose control for the past two to three months.

Which findings should the nurse expect in a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state HHS )?

Common signs and symptoms include profound thirst (polydipsia) and diuresis (polyuria), along with mental status or other neurologic changes. Frequent nausea, vomiting, weakness, and weight loss also may occur with HHS onset. Other findings may include poor skin turgor, tachycardia, and hypotension.

What is associated with glycosuria?

With glycosuria, your kidneys may not take enough blood sugar out of your urine before it passes out of your body. This often happens because you have an abnormally high level of glucose in your blood (hyperglycemia). Sometimes, glycosuria can develop even if you have normal or low blood sugar levels.

A nurse is teaching a client who is scheduled for a vanillylmandelic acid test to screen for

Which laboratory values should the nurse expect in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Which laboratory test is most important for the nurse to monitor to determine how effectively the client's diabetes is being managed?

Which findings should the nurse expect in a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state HHS )?

What is associated with glycosuria?

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