Acute glomerulonephritis (GN) comprises a specific set of renal diseases in which an immunologic mechanism triggers inflammation and proliferation of glomerular tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium. Show
What is Acute Glomerulonephritis?Hippocrates originally described the natural history of acute glomerulonephritis (GN), writing of back pain and hematuria followed by oliguria or anuria. Richard Bright (1789-1858) described acute GN clinically in 1827, which led to the eponymic designation Bright disease. With the development of the microscope, Theodor Langhans (1839-1915) was later able to describe the pathophysiologic glomerular changes.
PathophysiologyAcute Glomerulonephritis involves both structural changes and functional changes.
Statistics and IncidencesAcute Glomerulonephritis represents 10-15% of glomerular diseases.
CausesThe causal factors that underlie acute GN can be broadly divided into infectious and noninfectious groups.
Clinical ManifestationsPresenting symptoms appear 1 to 3 weeks after the onset of a streptococcal infection.
Assessment and Diagnostic FindingsThere are a lot of renal syndromes that may mimic the symptoms of acute GN, so accurate assessment and diagnosis is essential.
Medical ManagementTreatment of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is mainly supportive, because there is no specific therapy for renal disease.
Pharmacologic ManagementThe goals of pharmacotherapy are to reduce morbidity, to prevent complications, and to eradicate the infection.
Nursing ManagementThe nurses’ role in the care of a child with AGN is crucial. Nursing AssessmentAssessment of a child with AGN include:
Nursing DiagnosesBased on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are:
Nursing Care Planning and GoalsNursing care planning goals for a child with acute glomerulonephritis are:
Nursing InterventionsNursing care of a child with AGN includes the following interventions:
EvaluationGoals are met as evidenced by:
Documentation GuidelinesDocumentation in a child with AGN must include:
Practice QuizHere’s a 5-item quiz about the study guide. Please visit our nursing test bank page for more NCLEX practice questions. 1. When educating parents regarding known antecedent infections in acute glomerulonephritis, which of the following should the nurse cover? A. Scabies 1. Answer: B. Impetigo
2. Nurse Jeremy is evaluating a client’s fluid intake and output record. Fluid intake and urine output should relate in which way? A. Fluid intake should be double the urine output. 2. Answer: B. Fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output.
3. Nurse Kai is evaluating a female child with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis for signs of improvement. Which finding typically is the earliest sign of improvement? A. Increased urine output 3. Answer: A. Increased urine output
4. A teen patient is admitted to the hospital by his physician who suspects a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings is consistent with this diagnosis? Note: More than one answer may be correct. A. Urine specific gravity of 1.040 4. Answers: A, B, and C.
5. Which of the following conditions most commonly causes acute glomerulonephritis? A. A congenital condition leading to renal dysfunction 5. Answer: B. Prior infection with group A Streptococcus within the past 10-14 days.
Which abnormal finding would the nurse monitor for during the Oliguric phase of acute kidney injury?In the oliguric phase, signs of fluid volume overload, such as edema, distended neck veins, hyper- tension, pulmonary edema, and heart failure, may occur. In addition to signs of volume overload, metabolic acido- sis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and uremic symptoms may also be present.
Which concern would be a priority for the nurse caring for an infant born with exstrophy of the bladder?The primary goal when caring for a child with bladder exstrophy is to: preserve normal kidney function. develop adequate bladder function and promote urinary continence.
What is AKI in NURsing?Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure (ARF), denotes a sudden and often reversible reduction in kidney function, as measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
At what age can an infant hold a bottle quizlet?The 4-month-old child will be able to hold a bottle and transfer it from hand to mouth. The ability to use a pincer grasp or holding an item with finger and thumb develops at 8 to 10 months of age.
|