Located between brainstem and cerebrum
Components: thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus
THALAMUS
Two lateral portions connected by the intermediate mass
Surrounded by third ventricle
Sensory information from spinal cord synapses here before projecting to cerebrum
Medial geniculate nucleus: auditory information
Lateral geniculate nucleus: visual information
Ventral posterior nucleus: most other types sensory information Motor function: ventral
anterior and ventral lateral nuclei
Mood modification: anterior and medial nuclei connected to limbic system
Emotion regulation: lateral dorsal nucleus
Sensory integration: lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei
SUBTHALAMAS
Contains nerve tracts and nuclei
EPITHALAMAS
Contains nuclei responding to olfactory stimulation and contains pineal gland
Habenula: emotional and visceral responses to odors
Pineal gland: may influence sleepiness, helps regulate biological
clock, may play a role in onset of puberty
HYPOTHALAMAS
Major control center for maintaining homeostasis and regulating endocrine function
Most inferior portion of diencephalon
Mammillary bodies: bulges on ventral surface; olfactory reflexes and emotional responses to odors
Infundibulum: stalk extending from floor; connects hypothalamus to posterior pituitary gland. Controls endocrine system.
Receives input from viscera, taste receptors, limbic system, nipples, external
genitalia, prefrontal cortex
Efferent fibers to brainstem, spinal cord (autonomic system), through infundibulum to posterior pituitary, and to cranial nerves controlling swallowing and shivering
Important in regulation of mood, emotion, sexual pleasure, satiation, rage, and fear
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Terms in this set (15)
sensory input
Monitoring external and internal stimuli; one of the major functions of the nervous system.
integration
Processing sensory input and signaling for a response; one of the major functions of the nervous system.
control of muscles and glands
the response to a stimulus; one of the major functions of the nervous system.
homeostasis
a function of the nervous system that helps maintain a stable internal environment
mental activity
a function of the nervous system that provides us with consciousness, thinking, memory, and emotions.
central nervous system
the major division of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
peripheral nervous system
the major division of the nervous system that is composed of all nerves that connect the body to the brain and spinal cord.
central nervous system
the major division of the nervous system that is designed to interpret incoming sensory information and issue instructions based on previous experience.
afferent
a division of the PNS that is sensory; conveys information to the CNS
efferent
a division of the PNS that is motor-related; conveys information from the CNS
somatic
a division of the efferent nervous system that provides us with conscious, voluntary control of most of our skeletal muscles
autonomic
a division of the efferent nervous system that provides us with subconscious, involuntary control over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
sympathetic
a division of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for fight-or-flight response, expending energy.
parasympathetic
a division of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for energy conservation, restorative functions of the body. Calms the body and returns it to pre-stress states.
enteric
a network of neurons within the digestive tract wall; controls the digestive tract independently of CNS through local reflexes; sometimes considered a division of the autonomic nervous system.
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