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The prominent political movements between the end of Reconstruction and World War I ignored which of the following goals?
d. Bringing full equality to blacks
In general, progressives differed from labor and farm advocates because the progressives
a. were mostly middle-class urban reformers.
Why were the presidents in office during the period from 1877 to 1895 generally undistinguished and ineffectual?
a. The primary system of nominating
presidents chose the candidates by their salability rather than their qualifications.
b. Extraordinary times create extraordinary leaders and this period was not an extraordinary time.
c. Extremely close elections limited their ability to maneuver and take tough political stands.
d. Exhausted by the Civil War and Reconstruction, politicians allowed the people and themselves to relax.
c. Extremely close elections limited their ability to maneuver and take tough political stands.
The national political stalemate of the 1880s and early 1890s originated in part because of
a. the incredible population growth resulting from immigration.
b. northerners' tenacious commitment to Reconstruction.
c. labor unions' and trusts' large political donations.
d. the passing of the southern Confederate generation.
a. the incredible population growth resulting from immigration.
Between 1876 and 1892, Americans could be described as
a. highly partisan and politically active.
b. apathetic about politics.
c. independent-minded voters.
d. reluctant to join parties.
a. highly partisan and politically active.
The Pendleton Act of 1883
a. created the Civil Service Commission, which filled some government jobs by examination.
b. provided temporary benefits for families left without their breadwinner.
c. gave financial assistance to
elderly Americans living in poverty.
d. created pensions for the families of disabled workers.
a. created the Civil Service Commission, which filled some government jobs by examination.
Mugwumps were reformers who
a. supported welfare reform.
b. advocated legislation to protect working men.
c. supported smaller government.
d. opposed the Australian-style secret ballot.
c. supported smaller government.
Which of the following was the first federal law ever passed to regulate trusts?
a. Sherman Antitrust Act
b. Pendleton Act
c. Interstate Commerce Act
d. Clayton Antitrust Act
a. Sherman Antitrust Act
Which president advocated measures to protect black voting rights in the South after the end of Reconstruction?
a. James Garfield
b. Benjamin Harrison
c. Grover Cleveland
d. William McKinley
b. Benjamin Harrison
Why did Congress abandon efforts to enforce black voting rights and fair elections in the South after 1892?
a. The Supreme Court had ruled that such efforts were unconstitutional.
b. Continued southern resistance persuaded Congress that such efforts were futile.
c. Race riots in several urban cities greatly decreased public support for civil rights action among northern voters.
d. Voters largely rejected Republicans and their policies in 1890, giving control of
Congress and the presidency to the Democrats.
d. Voters largely rejected Republicans and their policies in 1890, giving control of Congress and the presidency to the Democrats.
Why did Senator Henry Cabot Lodge's bill to create a bipartisan federal election board fail to pass in the Senate in 1890?
a. Northern liberals were afraid that it provided for too much democracy.
b. Urban bosses objected to its assumptions about immigrants.
c. Northern
manufacturers feared it would empower urban workers.
d. President Benjamin Harrison threatened to veto the legislation.
a. Northern liberals were afraid that it provided for too much democracy.
In their 1892 Omaha Platform, Populists called for
a. women's suffrage.
b. public ownership of factories.
c. a federal income tax.
d. a tighter monetary policy.
c. a federal income tax.
Which segment of the American population drove the creation and success of the People's Party in the early 1890s?
a. Urban workers
b. Farmers
c. Middle-class managers
d. Immigrants
b. Farmers
How did the federal government respond when jobless men marched on Washington in 1894?
a. President Cleveland listened to them sympathetically.
b. Congress passed a measure to provide temporary relief to the unemployed.
c. Their leader Jacob Coxey was arrested and
their demands were not met.
d. The president appointed a commission to study their grievances.
c. Their leader Jacob Coxey was arrested and their demands were not met.
Who stepped in to aid the federal government when the U.S. Treasury's gold supplies dwindled badly in 1895?
a. Theodore Roosevelt
b. Steel magnate Andrew Carnegie
c. J. P. Morgan and a syndicate of bankers
d. The British monarchy
c. J. P. Morgan and a syndicate of bankers
Which of the following was President Cleveland's greatest public relations failure during his presidency?
a. Sentencing Jacob Coxey to death
b. Supporting the strikers in the Pullman strike
c. Conducting secret negotiations with J. P. Morgan to replenish American gold
d. Going off the gold standard
c. Conducting secret negotiations with J. P. Morgan to replenish American gold
Which of the following explains the inability of the Populists to become a major national political party alongside the Republicans and the Democrats in the late 1890s?
a. Their refusal to reach out to African American voters
b. Their embrace of women's suffrage
c. The economic depression of the 1890s
d. Their disdain for organized labor
c. The economic depression of the 1890s
In which of the following ways did American politics change during the mid-1890s?
a.
Southern blacks regained some access to voting and political rights.
b. Democrats became almost the only political party in the South for decades.
c. Democrats dominated national politics for the next forty years.
d. Populists gained a tremendous influence over northern workers.
b. Democrats became almost the only political party in the South for decades.
Which of the following was a reason for fanning the fire of racial prejudice in the South?
a. To give white yeomen a step up in the region's class-stratified society
b. To prevent a Populist coalition between poor whites and African Americans
c. That former slaves, still angry with their masters, refused to intermingle in society
d. To ensure that the South would not develop along the same lines as the North
b. To prevent a Populist coalition between poor whites and African Americans
What strategy did southern Democrats employ to counteract the appeal of the Populists in the South in the 1880s?
a. Building cross-racial alliances
b. Passing a legal ban on Populist organizing
c. Forming coalitions with southern Republicans
d. Expanding the convict lease system
d. Expanding the convict lease system
Which of the following was a result of the laws passed to disenfranchise blacks across the South in the 1890s and early 1900s?
a. The Republican Party was able to regain near
parity with the Democrats once it no longer pursued black southern voters.
b. Voter turnout decreased only slightly after disenfranchisement.
c. Racial violence became less prevalent because whites no longer felt threatened.
d. Segregation laws barring blacks from public and private places such as hotels, parks, and public drinking fountains were passed.
d. Segregation laws barring blacks from public and private places such as hotels, parks, and public drinking fountains were passed.
Advocates of free silver believed it would
a. reduce the price of manufactured goods.
b. lower the price of silver.
c. benefit wage earners.
d. encourage borrowing and stimulate industry.
d. encourage borrowing and stimulate industry.
During the mid-1890s, many middle-class and prosperous Americans reformers neglected
a. the economic depression of the 1890s.
b. labor uprisings such as the
Pennsylvania coal strike.
c. the political strength of the farmer-labor political movement.
d. women's suffrage.
d. women's suffrage.
What did William Jennings Bryan mean when he stated, "You shall not crucify mankind on a cross of gold" in his famous 1896 speech?
a. The United States should abandon the gold standard to stimulate industry.
b. The upper classes had become wealthy by the suffering of the working class.
c. Conditions in the
western gold mines had become too dangerous for workers.
d. The upper class should pay income taxes to support relief programs for the poor.
a. The United States should abandon the gold standard to stimulate industry.
Why was McKinley's campaign in the 1896 presidential election superior to Bryan's?
a. McKinley traveled extensively to be seen and heard by the public and Bryan did not.
b. McKinley raised and spent a great deal of money donated by
corporations.
c. McKinley gave more speeches throughout the nation.
d. Bryan spoke rationally, while McKinley spoke passionately and appealed to voters' emotions.
b. McKinley raised and spent a great deal of money donated by corporations.
While William Jennings Bryan promoted free silver; McKinley
a. called for lower tariffs and an income tax.
b. backed away from moral issues and courted new immigrants.
c. supported women's suffrage and the
protection of voting rights for all Americans.
d. supported the passage of national unemployment insurance.
b. backed away from moral issues and courted new immigrants.
Which of the following presidents most easily won election to the White House and was seen as a powerful presence in the Oval Office?
a. Rutherford B. Hayes
b. William McKinley
c. Grover Cleveland
d. Benjamin Harrison
b. William McKinley
New laws that restricted African Americans' and northern immigrants' access to the vote helped to ensure the passage of
a. the creation of a federal income tax.
b. the direct election of U.S. senators.
c. women's suffrage.
d. free coinage of silver.
b. the direct election of U.S. senators.
Which of the following cases is an example of the Supreme Court invalidating state regulatory laws?
a. Lochner v. New York
b. Williams v.
Mississippi
c. Plessy v. Ferguson
d. Mueller v. Oregon
a. Lochner v. New York
To bring big coal companies to the negotiating table during the 1902 coal strike, President Theodore Roosevelt threatened to
a. arrest and jail the companies' workers and owners.
b. nationalize the coal companies.
c. promote the use of natural gas nationwide.
d. institute a federal minimum wage.
b. nationalize the coal companies.
In a landmark decision regarding the Northern Securities Company, the U.S. Supreme Court
a. declared the Sherman Antitrust Act unconstitutional.
b. declared unconstitutional the establishment of the Bureau of Corporations.
c. ordered the Northern Securities Company railroad trust dissolved.
d. ruled that the Justice Department did not have the legal authority to sue to break up trusts.
c. ordered the Northern Securities Company railroad trust dissolved.
After Roosevelt won the presidency in his own right in 1904, he did which of the following?
a. Began a campaign to nationalize most large corporations
b. Instituted efforts to change the size and composition of the Supreme Court
c. Created a new program to transform the country's approach to corporate law
d. Implemented his Square Deal by stepping up his attacks on American trusts
d. Implemented his Square Deal by stepping up his attacks on American trusts
What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's decision in the 1911 Standard Oil case?
a. The Standard Oil trust remained in place for several more decades.
b. The monopoly was broken up into several competing companies.
c. The longstanding "rule of reason" was declared unconstitutional.
d. The Sherman Antitrust Act was declared unconstitutional.
b. The monopoly was broken up into several competing companies.
Which of the following statements characterizes President Theodore Roosevelt's approach to the nation's natural resources?
a. He was a preservationist who opposed the exploitation of natural resources.
b. An ardent outdoorsman, he became a convert to conservation after he left office.
c. He called for the repeal of the Forest Reserve Act of 1891.
d. He was a conservationist who tried to balance commercial and public interests.
d. He was a conservationist who tried to balance commercial and public interests.
Which of the following statements characterizes the state of the Republican Party in Congress at the beginning of the Taft administration?
a. Republicans in Congress united solidly behind Taft's presidency.
b. It was deeply divided between Roosevelt's admirers and Taft's followers.
c. Conservatives opposed further reforms while progressives sought more radical change.
d. It had lost its taste for progressive reform
and was determined limit Taft's power as well.
c. Conservatives opposed further reforms while progressives sought more radical change.
Which of the following issues did most middle-class, grassroots progressives ignore in the early 1900s?
a. Cleaning up government and breaking the power of corrupt political machines
b. Fighting for the civil and political rights of blacks and new immigrants
c. Promoting the welfare of working-class women and
children
d. Protecting public health and safety and cracking down on the vice industry
b. Fighting for the civil and political rights of blacks and new immigrants
Which of the following describes both the reform movements in the 1880s and the 1890s and those between 1900 and 1920?
a. They were focused mostly on agrarian and labor issues.
b. The reform movements in neither had any long-term results.
c. The reform movements in both periods
resulted from religious revival.
d. Women played an integral part in the reform movements of both periods.
d. Women played an integral part in the reform movements of both periods.
Why did the National Child Labor Committee, founded in 1907, hire photographer Lewis Hine?
a. To document the living conditions of child laborers in poor neighborhoods
b. To take photographs that would portray child labor in a flattering light
c. To record the
brutal conditions in mines and mills where children worked
d. To assist in its campaign supporting child labor
c. To record the brutal conditions in mines and mills where children worked
The Supreme Court's 1908 decision in Muller v. Oregon upheld a law
a. forcing employers to provide day care for workers' children.
b. limiting the workday for women to ten hours.
c. prohibiting child labor.
d. establishing a minimum-wage law for women.
b. limiting the workday for women to ten hours.
Between 1910 and 1917, all the industrial states enacted laws that
a. banned child labor in factories.
b. gave full voting rights to women.
c. provided insurance for on-the-job accidents.
d. limited foreign immigration.
c. provided insurance for on-the-job accidents.
Organized in 1905, the Niagara Movement embraced
a. environmental protection, including
clean water.
b. a ten-hour workday for public utilities workers.
c. equal opportunity for African Americans.
d. federal payments to impoverished women and children.
c. equal opportunity for African Americans.
Mary White Ovington and W. E. B. Du Bois were both founders of the
a. YMCA.
b. NAACP.
c. New York Consumers' League.
d. Progressive Party.
b. NAACP.
Which of the following was promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette (1901-1905) as the Wisconsin Idea?
a. Greater government intervention in the economy
b. Smaller government with less intervention in the economy
c. Expanded voting rights for all men and women
d. Government subsidies to encourage the growth of corporations
a. Greater government intervention in the economy
In the early 1900s, the Industrial Workers of the World were committed to achieving
a. government
regulation of trusts.
b. wage and hour concessions for workers.
c. a new society run by and for workers.
d. support for the American Federation of Labor.
c. a new society run by and for workers.
What prevented Theodore Roosevelt from achieving the Republican presidential nomination in 1912?
a. Taft had superior fundraising ability and, by outspending Roosevelt, he prevailed.
b. Taft proved to be more popular with grassroots Republican
voters in most of the state primaries.
c. Taft controlled the party caucuses, whose leaders chose the candidate at the national convention.
d. Pro-Taft party officials bribed enough convention delegates to deny Roosevelt the nomination.
c. Taft controlled the party caucuses, whose leaders chose the candidate at the national convention.
What was the outcome of the 1912 presidential election?
a. Wilson won with a minority of the popular vote
because Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote.
b. Wilson won a bare majority of the popular vote but an overwhelming majority of the electoral vote.
c. Socialist Party candidate Debs captured 20 percent of the popular vote and carried several western states.
d. Roosevelt's popular appeal faded by election day, enabling Wilson to beat Taft with a solid majority.
a. Wilson won with a minority of the popular vote because Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote.
Which of the following is correctly matched?
a. Adamson Act—eight-hour workday for railroad workers
b. Elkins Act—workmen's compensation for federal employees
c. Hepburn Act—prohibited discriminatory railway rates that favored powerful customers
d. Newlands Reclamation Act—enabled the Interstate Commerce Commission to set shipping rates
a. Adamson Act—eight-hour workday for railroad workers
Which president presided over the largest expansion of federal powers between the Civil War and the Great Depression?
a. William Taft
b. Theodore Roosevelt
c. Woodrow Wilson
d. William McKinley
c. Woodrow Wilson
Which of the following Progressive reforms amended the Sherman Act to prevent trusts from curbing competition?
a. Federal Reserve Act
b. Clayton Antitrust Act
c. Newlands Reclamation Act
d. Pendleton Act
c. Newlands Reclamation Act
What was the lasting legacy of the Progressive movement in America?
a. It successfully challenged the institutionalized systems of racism and discrimination in the South.
b. Progressives drew the blueprint for the powerful American state suited to an industrial era.
c. The movement solved the problems of industrial America by expanding voting rights.
d. Progressives eliminated the constitutional conflicts between the states and national
government.
b. Progressives drew the blueprint for the powerful American state suited to an
industrial era.
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