outward signs of what is going on inside the body, including respiration, pulse, skin color,temperature, and condition (plus capillary refill in infants and children), pupils, and blood pressure.Pulse:the rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries.Pulse Rate:the number of pulse beats per minute.Rates will vary among individuals.Factors such as age,physical conditions, degree of exercise, medications, drugs, stress, body temperature, and blood loss.Tachycardia:a rapid pulse; any pulse rate above 100 beats per minute.Bradycardia:a slow pulse; any pulse rate below 60 beats per minute.Normal Pulse Rates (Beats per minute, at rest)Adult60-100Infants and ChildrenAdolescent 11-1460-105School age 6-1070-110Preschooler 3-580-120Toddler 1-380-130Infant 6-12 mos80-140Infant 0-5 mos90-140Newborn120-160Pulse QualitySignificant/Possible CausesRapid, regular and fullExertion, fright, fever, high BP, first stage blood lossRapid, reg andthreadyShock, later stages of blood lossSlowHead injury, drugs, some poisons, some heart problems, lack of O2 in childrenNo PulseCardiac arrest (clinical death)Infants/Children:A high pulse is not a great concern as a low pulse.Low pulse may indicate cardiacarrest.If you take a pulse at a scene and it is over 150 BPM or multiple pulses of over 120 BPM or below 50 BPM, youshould consider something is very wrong.Pulse Quality:the rhythm (irregular or regular) and force (strong or weak) of the pulse.Pulse rhythm reflects regularity.If intervals between beats are constant, then pulse is regular.Whennot constant, it is irregular.Pulse force refers to pressure of the pulse wave as it expands the artery.Normally, it should be strong.When it is weak, the patient is said to have a thready pulse.Types of pulses:Radial PulseCarotid PulsePosterior TibialBrachial PulseFemoral PulseDorsalis PedisWhen taking a carotid pulse, do not push too hard as may decrease heart rate.Also, only check one side a time.To check pulse, take and count for 30 seconds then double.If thready or weak, take for entire minute.RespirationRespiration:the act of breathing in and out.Respiratory Rate:the number of breaths taken in 1 minute.If an adult has more than 24 or less than 8 breathsper minute, you must consider high-concentration O2 and possible assisted ventilations.43
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Terms in this set (36)
You are treating a patient with the following vital signs: blood pressure: 150/92, pulse: 98, respirations: 16, SpO2: 96 percent. The EMT knows that this patient has:
A.
Bradycardia
B.
Hypertension
Your answer is correct.C.
Tachycardia
D.
Orthopnea
...
What term is used to describe the first set of vital signs obtained?
A.
Serial
B.
Initial
C.
Baseline
Your answer is correct.D.
Static
...
The pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle contracts is called:
A.
diastolic pressure.
B.
systolic pressure.
Your answer is correct.C.
pulse
pressure.
D.
perfusion.
...
Compared to the adult patient, an infant's ventilation rate is:
A.
faster and with a lower tidal volume.
This is the correct answer.B.
slower and with a greater tidal volume.
C.
faster and with a greater tidal volume.
Your answer is not correct.D.
slower and with a lower tidal volume.
...
Which one of the following is of greatest concern?
A.
Adult with pulse of 140
Your answer is not correct.B.
Infant with pulse of 60
This is the correct answer.C.
Adult with pulse of 60
D.
Infant with pulse of 140
...
Which of the following vital signs indicates the rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries?
A.
Temperature
B.
Blood pressure
Your answer is not correct.C.
Respirations
D.
Pulse
...
Any pulse rate above 100 beats per minute is called:
A.
tachypnea.
B.
hypercardia.
Your answer is not correct.C.
tachycardia.
This is the correct answer.D.
bradycardia.
...
Vital signs of an
unstable patient should be reassessed and recorded:
A.
whenever a new care provider assumes care.
B.
every 10 minutes.
C.
every 15 minutes.
D.
every five minutes.
...
For whose benefit should you keep accurate records of vital signs?
A.
The patient
This is the correct answer.B.
Family doctor
C.
Medical records
Your answer is not correct.D.
Insurance
company
...
Your three-month-old patient was found unresponsive and apneic in her crib. What is your next action?
A.
Hook up the pulse oximeter
B.
Check the pulse at the brachial artery
Your answer is correct.C.
Check the pulse at the radial artery
D.
Check the pulse at the carotid artery
...
The
average range for an adult's respirations would be:
A.
12 to 20 breaths per minute.
This is the correct answer.B.
24 to 32 breaths per minute.
C.
10 to 16 breaths per minute.
Your answer is not correct.D.
20 to 30 breaths per minute.
...
Which one of the following has the highest priority?
A.
Pulse rate
B.
Breathing
This is the correct answer.C.
Blood pressure
Your
answer is not correct.D.
Pulse oximetry
...
Which of the following is NOT likely to cause a rapid, regular, and full pulse in an adult patient?
A.
Fever
B.
Fright
C.
Exertion
D.
Shock
...
You are hooking up the pulse oximeter when you note that your patient's appearance has changed. He appears to
be asleep. What should you do?
A.
Assess airway
B.
Check a pulse
C.
Assess responsiveness
Your answer is correct.D.
Check respiratory rate
...
Which one of the following statements about recording vital signs is TRUE?
A.
Only the first and last sets of vital signs are important enough to record.
B.
There is no reason to record vital signs that are within normal limits. Only
record those that are abnormal.
C.
Recording vital signs can be done by memory after the call is over.
D.
Record all vital signs as you obtain them, along with the time at which you took them.
...
To adequately assess the patient's respirations the EMT should:
A.
count the number of respirations over 15 seconds and multiply by 10.
B.
count the number over 20 seconds and multiply by
2.
C.
count the number of respirations over 30 seconds and multiply by 2.
Your answer is correct.
D.
count the number of respirations over 45 seconds and divide by 3.
...
Why is more than one set of vital signs assessed on a patient?
A.
For the practice
B.
To see trends in the patient's condition
Your answer is correct.C.
To double-check for accuracy
D.
It is tradition
to check vitals twice
...
A reliable indicator of perfusion in children less than six years of age is:
A.
pulse rate.
Your answer is not correct.B.
skin color.
C.
pupil size.
D.
capillary refill.
...
Which of the following is likely to cause yellow skin in an adult patient?
A.
Lack of oxygen in
blood cells
B.
Exposure to heat
C.
Liver dysfunction
Your answer is correct.D.
Constricted blood vessels
...
Which of the following vital signs can best indicate the presence of early compensated shock?
A.
Strong, rapid pulse
This is the correct answer.B.
Low blood pressure
C.
Slow, weak pulse
Your answer is not correct.D.
Low pulse oximeter reading
...
You are reaching for the pediatric BP cuff when you note that your nine-year-old patient is becoming cyanotic. What should you do?
A.
Repeat primary assessment
This is the correct answer.B.
Call for ALS backup
C.
Check the BP
D.
Administer oxygen
...
The pressure wave generated by the contraction of the left
ventricle is called:
A.
pulse pressure.
B.
diastolic blood pressure.
C.
systolic blood pressure.
Your answer is not correct.D.
a pulse.
...
Your pediatric patient has hot, dry skin. Which one of the following is most likely?
A.
Fever
This is the correct answer.B.
Cold exposure
C.
Shock
D.
Communicable disease
...
Normal breathing rates in children are:
A.
15 to 30 breaths per minute.
This is the correct answer.B.
25 to 50 breaths per minute.
C.
12 to 20 breaths per minute.
D.
8 to 16 breaths per minute.
...
Which of the following would be considered a normal set of vital signs for a seven-year-old patient?
A.
Pulse 90; respirations 24; BP
112/70
This is the correct answer.B.
Pulse 60; respirations 30; BP 130/60
C.
Pulse 80; respirations 12; BP 110/70
Your answer is not correct.D.
Pulse 110; respirations 24; BP 140/80
Rationale
...
You are transporting a 54-year-old male with a history of diabetes who is currently unresponsive. You have initiated high flow oxygen. His initial vitals were pulse 68, respirations 14,
and B/P 102/70, with a BGL of 425 mg/dL. Given this, how often will you repeat the vital signs while transporting?
A.
Only if mental status changes
B.
Every 15 minutes
C.
Every five minutes
Your answer is correct.D.
Once during transport
...
At which pulse point will the EMT assess the pulse of an unresponsive adult
patient?
A.
Radial
B.
Brachial
C.
Femoral
D.
Carotid
...
Your eight-year-old patient is alert after crashing into a wall on her skateboard. Which one of the following is suggested before checking her blood pressure?
A.
Explain what you are about to do.
Your answer is correct.B.
Check her papillary response.
C.
Loosen the straps on the backboard.
D.
Remove the
pulse oximeter.
...
Your patient is experiencing chest pain. Who is likely to record the earliest set of vital signs for this patient's event?
A.
The patient's family physician
B.
ED staff
C.
You
Your answer is correct.D.
A family member
...
A pulse rate below 60 beats per minute is
called:
A.
tachycardia.
B.
sinus rhythm.
C.
synchronous rate.
D.
bradycardia.
...
You arrive to find an adult patient unresponsive and not breathing. What is your next action?
A.
Check a pulse
Your answer is correct.B.
Check oxygen saturation
C.
Check blood pressure
D.
Check pupils
Rationale
For unresponsive patients, check for a pulse right away. If CPR
is needed, it must be started as quickly as possible.
...
Which of the following vital signs may the EMT observe without any contact with the patient?
A.
Respirations
This is the correct answer.B.
Pupillary response
C.
Pulse
D.
Skin color and condition
Your answer is not correct.
...
If you are in an
excessively noisy environment, you may wish to check your patient's blood pressure by:
A.
intervention.
B.
palpation.
Your answer is correct.C.
dispensation.
D.
escalation.
...
Which of the following is an outward sign of what is going on inside the body?
A.
Blood pressure
Your answer is correct.B.
Nausea
C.
Headache
D.
Chief complaint
...
Arterial pressure exerted by the blood when the left ventricle contracts is detected:
A.
when sounds of the pulse disappear during deflation of the B/P cuff.
B.
as the first sound heard when the BP cuff is slowly released.
Your answer is correct.C.
by the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure
D.
by a stethoscope as the diastolic reading.
...
An abnormal finding for which of the following most likely indicates an infection?
A.
Respiratory rate
B.
Skin temperature
Your answer is correct.C.
Pulse
D.
Blood pressure
...
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