Platform Overview
Cloud visibility, security and compliance. Map, secure and monitor cloud assets across multiple providers.
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Use Cases
Support for common cloud security needs
Compliance
Explore the different regulations covered in the platform
Environments
Integrations with multiple cloud providers
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To help companies of all sizes to start, improve and maintain their Cloud Security Program based on the industry best practices.
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Snowflake’s architecture consists of a:
- Cloud Services Layer
- Query Processing Layer
- Database Storage Layer
Cloud Services Layer
This layer is referred to as the “Brain” of the system. It is a collection of independent services designed specifically for scalability and high availability. Each of these services is managed completely and transparently by Snowflake while maintaining availability during upgrades and patches.
With exception of persisted metadata, all services are stateless. All persistence is supported by robust, scalable, transactional key-value data store that is accessed through an abstract mapping layer.
Services managed in this layer include:
- Authentication
- Infrastructure management
- Metadata management
- Query parsing and optimization
- Access control
Query Processing Layer
This layer is referred to as the “Muscle” of the system. It provides the horsepower that drives the actual query execution across elastic clusters of virtual machines.
Snowflake uses the term “Virtual Warehouse” which is essentially a MPP compute cluster to execute queries. These clusters can scale to demand essentially accessing the same underlying data. They run independently and without contention, enabling heavy queries and operations to run simultaneously.
Warehouses can be set to automatically suspend in order not to incur costs during downtime. They can also be set to resume automatically when a statement that requires the warehouse is submitted.
Scaling up vs. Scaling out
Scaling up increases the compute power of the existing warehouse. Snowflake defines virtual warehouses in T-shirt sizes, X-Small, Small, Medium and so on. Subsequent sizes provide double the compute of the previous size. Scaling up can be done without stopping the warehouse and future queries take advantage of the additional capacity.
Scaling out assists in executing concurrent queries on a warehouse. Snowflake offers Standard and Economic Scaling policies. Standard policy focuses on minimizing queuing where as an Economic policy looks at fully utilizing the current cluster before adding an additional cluster.
Workloads can be separated to use separate warehouses. Warehouses can access the same underlying data without competing for resources.
Database Storage Layer
Snowflake organizes the data into multiple micro partitions that are internally optimized and compressed. It uses a columnar format to store and manages all aspects of the data like file size, compression, metadata, statistics etc. Data is encrypted by default in Snowflake.
The data objects are only available via SQL query operations run via Snowflake. Snowflake is built to be a complete SQL Database and has its own query tool, supports role-based security, multi-statement transactions, full DML, windowing functions and everything else expected in a SQL database.
Data is stored in the cloud storage and works as a shared-disk model thereby providing simplicity in data management.
Snowflake’s architecture allows quick consolidation of diverse data onto one platform. Semi-structured data can be loaded as a VARIANT data type which enables querying JSON in a fully relational manner.
Getting Started
Snowflake provides different ways to connect to the service:
- A web-based user interface
- Command line client called SnowSQL
- ODBC and JDBC drivers can be used from other applications
- Native Python and Spark connectors to develop applications connecting to Snowflake
- Third party connectors
Since Snowflake runs completely on the cloud infrastructure, a Snowflake account can be created on the following cloud providers’ platform:
- Amazon Web Services (AWS)
- Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
- Microsoft Azure (Azure)
A single account can be hosted on only one cloud platform in a single region. Regions available are based on the cloud platform selected.
Snowflake Editions
Currently, Snowflake offers four editions to choose from. An account can be of one edition type only. Each edition provides edition-specific features and level of service.
- Standard Edition – introductory level offering, providing full, unlimited access to all of Snowflake’s standard features.
- Enterprise Edition – Standard Edition + additional features designed specifically for the needs of large-scale enterprises and organizations.
- Business Critical Edition or Enterprise for Sensitive Data (ESD) – Enterprise Edition + enhanced security and data protection, particularly for PHI data that must comply with HIPAA and HITRUST CSF regulations.
- Virtual Private Snowflake (VPS) – Business Critical Edition + completely separate Snowflake environment, isolated from all other Snowflake accounts.
Additional features
Snowflake offers several key features like Security, Data Protection, Caching, Data cloning, Data sharing, ACID compliance etc making it a truly unique cloud platform for storing and retrieving data. Snowflake is also committed to continual innovation to deliver improvements in the form of new features, enhancements and fixes.
Summary
Snowflake’s unique architecture and features like zero-copy data cloning, dynamic caching, and data sharing provide tremendous flexibility and scalability making it an unrivaled competitor in the Elastic Data warehousing space.