Índice
basic instructions that operate a computer. two or more separate processor cores. ◦ Control Unit: Component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. instruction or data item from memory.
What is arithmetic logic unit in computer?
function in digital computer …of a control unit, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a memory unit, and input/output (I/O) controllers. The ALU performs simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and logic operations, such as OR and AND. The memory stores the program’s instructions and data.
What are the control unit and arithmetic logic unit components of a processor?
The central processing unit (CPU) consists of six main components: control unit (CU) arithmetic logic unit (ALU) registers….Control unit
- it fetches , decodes and executes instructions.
- it issues control signals that control hardware.
- it moves data around the system.
What are the four steps in the machine cycle?
Four steps of the machine cycle
- Fetch – Retrieve an instruction from memory.
- Decode – Translate the retrieved instruction into a series of computer commands.
- Execute – Execute the computer commands.
- Store – Send and write the results back in memory.
What is arithmetic and logic operations?
An ALU performs basic arithmetic and logic operations. Examples of arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Examples of logic operations are comparisons of values such as NOT, AND, and OR. Operations can be accomplished by connecting multiple transistors.
What are the three steps in a machine cycle?
It is the most basic CPU operation, and modern CPUs are able to perform millions of machine cycles per second. The cycle consists of three standard steps: fetch, decode and execute. In some cases, store is also incorporated into the cycle.
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Chapter 14 Components of the System Unit
In the machine cycle steps, ____ is the process of carrying out commands. | executing |
In the machine cycle steps, ____ is the process of obtaining a program instruction or data item from memory. | fetching |
In the machine cycle steps, the term ____ refers to the process of translating instructions into signals the computer can execute. | decoding |
A FireWire ____ is a device that plugs in a FireWire port on the system unit and contains multiple FireWire ports in which users plug cables from FireWire devices. | hub |
A(n) ____ card is a circuit board that enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals. | adapter |
Today’s computers support ____, which means the computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as users install them. | plug and play |
Memory ____ on the motherboard hold the memory modules. | slots |
A(n) ____ module, which is a small circuit board where RAM chips usually reside is inserted into the motherboard. | memory |
With a type of memory module called a(n) ____ the pins on opposite sides of the circuit board do not connect and thus form two sets of contacts. | dimm |
A USB ____ is a device that plugs in a USB port on the system unit and contains multiple USB ports in which users plug cables from USB devices. | hub |
A(n) ____ drive that fits into a port that is itself an interface that can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector | USB |
A(n) ____ flash drive is a flash memory device that plugs in a port on a computer or portable device. | usb |
A ______ port is a special high-speed parallel port that allows users to attach peripherals such as disk drives and printers | SCSI |
A ____ has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board that connect together to form one set of contacts. | SIMM (single inline memory module) |
A ____ houses RDRAM chips. | |
A ____ port was formerly referred to as an IEEE 1394 port. | firewire |
A computer ____ is a small piece of semi-conducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched. | chip |
A processor contains small high-speed storage locations, called ____, that temporarily hold data and instructions. | registers |
A special type of serial port that connects the system unit to a musical instrument, such as an electronic keyboard, is called a(n) ____ port. | MIDI |
A type of processor called ____-on-a-chip integrates the functions of a processor, memory, and a video card on a single chip. | system |
A(n) ____ card converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen | video |
A(n) ____ card is a removable device that allows users to transfer data and information conveniently from mobile devices to their desktop computers. | memory |
A(n) ____ changer is a device that enables users to join two connectors that are both female or both male | gender |
A(n) ____ circuit, which is etched on a computer chip, contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical current. | integrated |
A(n) ____ is a small ceramic or metal component with fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical components such as a processor. | heat sink |
A(n) ____ is an opening inside the system unit in which additional equipment can be installed. | bay |
A(n) ____ module is a removable flash memory device about one-half the size of a PC Card that adds memory, communications, and multimedia capabilities to computers. | express card |
A(n) ____ processor is a chip with two or more separate processor cores. | multi-core |
A(n) ____, such as a keyboard or printer, is a device that connects to the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer. | peripheral |
A(n) ____, which can be a peripheral or a chip, creates sound from digital instructions. | synthesizer |
A(n) ____, which is contained on an integrated circuit, can act as an electronic switch that opens or closes the circuit for electrical charges. | transistor |
AMD is the leading manufacturer of ____-compatible processors, which have an internal design similar to Intel processors, perform the same functions, can be as powerful, but often are less expensive. | intel |
_____________ is an alternative to IrDA that uses radio waves to transmit data between two devices | blue tooth |
Current processors include advanced transfer cache, a type of ____ built directly on a processor chip. | L2 cache |
______ chips are even faster than SDRAM chips because they transfer data twice for each clock cycle | Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM) |
Each tick of the system clock equates to a ____. | clock cycle |
ExpressCard modules are the next generation of ____ Cards. | pc |
For a wireless device to transmit signals to a computer via infrared light waves, both the computer and the device must have a(n) ____ port. | IrDa |
Generally, home users using basic application software such as word processing should have ____ of RAM. | 2gb or less |
Hi-Speed USB is also known as ____. | usb 2.0 |
Many computers have a(n) ____ slot, which is a special type of expansion slot. | express card |
On ____, the electronic components and most storage devices are part of the system unit and other devices, such as the keyboard, mouse, and monitor, normally occupy space outside the system unit. | desktop personal computers |
________________ of your computer requires a few basic products, including lint-free antistatic wipes and swabs, and antistatic wristband and screen cleaning solution | Preventive maintenance |
Programmers use ____ instructions to program a PROM chip. | microcode |
ROM chips called ____ contain permanently written data, instructions, or information that is recorded when the chip is manufactured. | firmware |
Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) chips are another type of DRAM chips that are much faster than SDRAM chips because they ____. | use pipelining techniques |
Some computer and chip manufacturers use the term ____ to refer to a personal computer processor chip. | microprocessor |
Some external peripherals such as an external modem, speakers, or a tape drive have an AC ____, which is an external power supply. | adapter |
Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) chips are synchronized to the ____________ | system clock |
The _______________ is bus designed to improve the speed with which 3-D graphics and video transmit | Accelerated Graphics Port |
A _______________ is a high-speed expansion bus that connects higher speed devices | pci bus |
The USB (universal serial bus) and FireWire bus are _____ that eliminate the need to install cards in expansion slots | buses |
The ____ board is the main circuit board of the system unit. | system |
The ____ bus for a PC Card is the PC Card bus. | expansion |
The ____ interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. | cpu |
The ____ is the component of the processor that performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations. | ALU |
The ____ unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data. | system |
The ____ unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. | control |
The case of the system unit, sometimes called the ____, is made of metal or plastic and protects the internal electronic components from damage. | chassis |
The faster the clock speed, the more ____ the processor can execute per second. | instruction |
The first step in __________ a computer is turn computer off, unplug it, and unplug all cables from the ports | cleaning |
The pace of the system clock, called the ____ speed, is measured by the number of ticks per second. | clock |
The power ____ is the component of the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into the DC power a computer requires | supply |
The processor relies on a small quartz crystal circuit called the ____ clock to control the timing of all computer operations | system |
The role of memory to store both data and programs is known as the ____ concept. | stored program |
The size of a bus, called the bus ____, determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time. | width |
The ______ the bus, the fewer the number of transfer steps required and the faster, the transfer of data | wider |
Together, the four basic operations or a processor (fetching, decoding, executing, and storing) comprise a(n) ____ cycle. | machine |
With ____, the processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction | pipelining |
Within the circuitry of a computer, each channel along which bits transfer, called a(n) ____, allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other. | bus |
____ are installed in internal bays. | hard disk drive |
____ consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processed data (information). | memory |
____ is a cache separate from the processor chip on the motherboard. | L3 cache |
____ is a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and reprogrammed, similar to EEPROM. | flash memory |
____ is built directly into a processor chip and usually has a very small capacity. | L1 cache |
____ is the most common type of volatile memory. | RAM |
____ size is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time. | word |
____ technology uses a continuous flow of fluid(s), such as water and glycol, in a process that transfers the heated fluid away from the processor. | liquid cooling |
Which component of the processor directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer?
The control unit directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer.
Which of the following is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer quizlet?
Terms in this set (26) The component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. Also called a CPU (central processing unit), is the electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer.
Is the component of the processor that performs arithmetic and comparison operations?
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison and other operations.
Is the component of the processor that performs arithmetic?
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs the arithmetic and logical functions that are the work of the computer.