uses ultrasound measurement of fluid in the nape of the fetal neck between 10-14 weeks of gestation to identify possible fetal abnormalities.
A fluid collection greater than 3 mm is considered abnormal.
When combined with abnormal maternal serum marker levels, elevated NT indicates a possible increased risk for certain chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus, including trisomies 12, 18, and 21 (Down's)
An elevated NT alone indicates an increased risk for congenital heart defects
C. Geographic
Biophysical is one of the broad categories used for determining risk. These include genetic considerations, nutritional status, and medical and obstetric disorders.
Psychosocial risks include smoking, caffeine, drugs, alcohol, and psychologic status. All of these adverse lifestyles can have a negative effect on the health of the mother or fetus.
This category is correctly referred to as sociodemographic risk, not geographic risk. These factors stem from the mother and her family. Ethnicity may be one of the risks to pregnancy; however, it is not the only factor in this category. Low income, lack of prenatal care, age, parity, and marital status also are included.
Environmental risks are those that can affect both fertility and fetal development. These include infections, chemicals, radiation, pesticides, illicit drugs, and industrial pollutants.
B: "MRI shows accurate fetal anatomic details."
MRI takes 20 to 60 minutes, depending on the reason for study. Accurate anatomic details would not be obtained, because there is a possibility of fetal movement. The client should be completely still during the procedure, with short breaks, because physical movement would alter the effectiveness of the scan. MRI helps evaluate the fetal structure, overall growth, biochemical status, and the placenta. MRI is a noninvasive procedure. Unlike with a computed tomography (CT) scan, iodine dye would not be injected, and MRI does not use ionizing radiation.
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