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Which of the following are immediate threats to biodiversity? Select all that apply.
A overharvesting
B introduction of exotic species
C climate change
D habitat loss
overharvesting
introduction of exotic species
habitat loss
In
the U.S., an estimated 91% of river lengths have been developed to accommodate human lifestyles. What type of animals are most likely to suffer population decline or extinction by modification of these freshwater ecosystems?
A mammals
B reptiles
C fish
D amphibians
amphibians
Why are fisheries particularly susceptible to over harvesting?
A Fish population dynamics are complex, and estimating the
sustainable fishing limits is difficult.
B Governments have failed to support strict fishing laws.
C The declining fish population can no longer support the fishing industry.
D Because fisheries are a common resource, there is little incentive for individual restraint.
Because fisheries are a common resource, there is little incentive for individual restraint.
Which of the following statements about
exotic species is FALSE?
A Invasive species are exotic species that are well adapted to the new ecosystem.
B Most exotic species introduced into new ecosystems fail to prosper.
C Exotic species are rare and found only in specific ecosystems.
D Exotic species can cause harm to native species by competition, predation, or disease.
Exotic species are rare and found only in specific ecosystems.
Which of
the following outcomes may result from climate change? Select all that apply.
A Melting of polar ice will destroy arctic habitats and eliminate islands.
B Habitats at the highest elevations will be eliminated.
C Organisms will adapt more quickly to accommodate rapid changes to their environment.
D Species that normally inhabit separate habitats will be forced to interact.
E Habitat ranges will shift northwards, sometimes faster than the organisms can migrate.
Melting of polar ice will destroy arctic habitats and eliminate islands.
Habitats at the highest elevations will be eliminated.
Species that normally inhabit separate habitats will be forced to interact.
Habitat ranges will shift northwards, sometimes faster than the organisms can migrate.
How does DNA barcoding help to catalog life on Earth?
A It uses the sequenced genomic DNA of a individual as a barcode to identify
the species.
B It uses sequenced plasmid DNA from microorganisms to distinguish between prokaryotic species.
C It uses the sequence of a mitochondrial gene to serve as a barcode to identify a species.
D It places a microscopic imprint in a captured organism's DNA to identify the individual.
It uses the sequence of a mitochondrial gene to serve as a barcode to identify a species.
What is the principle
reason the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is considered an inefficient way to protect ecosystems?
A Most of the endangered species are not endemic to the U.S., and the ESA has no international jurisdiction.
B The protections afforded to endangered species by the ESA are covered by several other laws already in place.
C The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is not required to follow the ESA mandates.
D The ESA focuses efforts on a few, high-profile species, while many other species are
unprotected.
The ESA focuses efforts on a few, high-profile species, while many other species are unprotected.
Which of the following statements correctly describes nature preserves? Select all that apply.
A Several small preserves are better than one large preserve representing the same area.
B One essential factor when creating small preserves is ensuring individuals can move between preserves.
C The
shape of a preserve is also important: square or circle is better than a preserve with many 'arms' or projections.
D The critical size for a preserve depends on the range of the species.
One essential factor when creating small preserves is ensuring individuals can move between preserves.
The shape of a preserve is also important: square or circle is better than a preserve with many 'arms' or projections.
The critical size for a preserve depends on
the range of the species.
Which of the following is a limitation associated with using preserves as conservation tools?
A Establishing the preserve negatively impacts the ecosystem, such that many species go extinct.
B Preserves rarely have legislative support and are usually unprotected and unregulated.
C It is difficult to identify species that will benefit from living in the preserve.
D Climate change will shift species ranges
outside of the established preserve.
Climate change will shift species ranges outside of the established preserve.
What approach have habitat restoration projects taken that has made the most significant improvements to the ecosystem?
A introduction of new and varied plant life
B introduction of soil microbes
C reintroduction of a keystone species
D removal of decaying buildings and
roads
reintroduction of a keystone species
A conservation organization wants to fund a breeding program to save an endangered species. What characteristic would make a species most likely to recover from endangered status?
A arising from an adaptive radiation
B being endemic to a tropical region
C high genetic diversity
D narrow native habitat range
high genetic diversity
What is the current mission of zoos?
A to raise public awareness about conservation
B to establish legislation that sustains biodiversity
C to collect and exhibit rare animals
D to be a primary site for captive breeding of all endangered species
to raise public awareness about conservation
Which of the following is the greatest threat to
biodiversity?
A pet trade
B overfishing
C climate change
D invasive species
E chytridiomycosis
F bush meat
G hunting
H palm oil production
climate change
What two factors are considered when measuring the biodiversity in an ecosystem?
A the number of habitats; the number of species
B the number of invertebrate species; the biomass of the primary producers
C whether the ecosystem
is terrestrial or marine; the population size of each species
D the number of species; the population size of each species
the number of species; the population size of each species
What is the effect of adaptive radiation and extinction on biodiversity?
A Adaptive radiation and extinction events decrease biodiversity.
B Adaptive radiation increases biodiversity; extinction events decrease
biodiversity.
C Adaptive radiation decreases biodiversity; extinction events increase biodiversity.
D Adaptive radiation and extinction events increase biodiversity.
Adaptive radiation increases biodiversity; extinction events decrease biodiversity.
Which of the following statements about extinction is FALSE?
A Known causes of mass extinctions include natural disaster and, very likely, human
activity.
B Extinction is a normal part of evolution.
C The typical timeframe for recovery of biodiversity after a mass extinctions is about 100 - 200 years.
D Earth is currently in a period of mass extinction, called the Holocene mass extinction.
E There have been five extreme extinction events throughout Earth's history.
The typical timeframe for recovery of biodiversity after a mass extinctions is about 100 - 200 years.
What are some of the reasons that extinction rates are difficult to estimate? Select all that apply.
A Some species may be already extinct, but have not been confirmed as such.
B Using the species-area relationship to estimate species loss tends to underestimate the extinction rate.
C Some species are lost before they can be identified and counted.
D There are fewer species around today, and therefore the rate of extinction is lower.
Some species may be already extinct, but have not been confirmed as such.
Some species are lost before they can be identified and counted.
Pharmaceuticals, like aspirin, codeine, and atropine, can be developed from some secondary plant compounds. In the plant, these compounds
A are part of the plant's immune system.
B provide structural support for the plant's body.
C are by-products of photosynthesis and serve no
function.
D protect the plant from herbivory.
protect the plant from herbivory
Why is it important to maintain biodiversity in agriculturally important plants?
A Biodiversity ensures that all crops are resistant to the same disease.
B Biodiversity allows crop plants to grow uniformly so they are easily harvested with machinery.
C Biodiversity ensures crop plants are more resistant to disease.
D
Biodiversity allows seed companies to focus on selling just a few varieties to world markets.
Biodiversity ensures crop plants are more resistant to disease.
Which of the following are examples of ecosystem services? Select all that apply.
A use of insects to control crop pests
B use of fish farms to provide a source of animal protein
C use of insects to pollinate plants
D use of organisms in the
soil to improve soil quality
use of insects to control crop pests
use of insects to pollinate plants
use of organisms in the soil to improve soil quality
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