focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
Knew it?
click below
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into
your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Group | an interdependent collection of persons engaged in a cooperative, usually face-to-face, goal-oriented communication; each aware of their own and others’ participation in the group; and each getting some satisfaction from participating in the activities of |
Interdependent | suggest that the goals and activities of individual group members are related, even though they may not be necessarily the same |
Norms | shared guidelines for beliefs and behavior (Kiesler); help establish the group identity |
Cohesiveness | another word for group-loyalty or “esprit de corps” (Bormann), also called “groupness” |
Groupthink, excessive cohesiveness, members don’t want to “rock the boat” by disagreeing | |
Role | a set of behaviors enacted or expected by people within a specific context; influence communication patterns and decision making potential |
Functional role | a role specifically related to the operation of a group |
Three basic types of functional roles | (Benne and Sheats) task roles, maintenance roles, and individual-centered roles |
Task roles | orient participation toward completing the group’s task, their purpose is to direct and coordinate group effort |
Examples of task roles | initiator-contributor, information seeker, information giver, opinion seeker, opinion giver, elaborator, coordinator, orienteer, evaluator critic, energizer, procedural technician, and recorder |
Maintenance roles | related to the functioning of the group as a group; interested in the group functioning smoothly as a social system rather than in the group functioning to solve problems; manage conflicts, provide encouragement, increase cohesion, positive attitude |
Examples of maintenance roles | encourager, harmonizer, observer and commentator, gatekeeper and expediter, standard setter, compromiser, follower, and tension reliever |
Individual-centered roles | generally viewed by other members as nonproductive to the group, usually interested only in satisfying their own needs |
Examples of individual roles | aggressor, blocker, recognition seeker, self-confessor, playboy, dominator, help seeker, and special-interest pleader |
Roles | may have more than one, several members of the same group may perform the same role, no role is universally present in all groups, the role played by and individual in one group may be quite different from the role played in another |
Leadership | the ability to influence the behavior of others; not inherent in particular individuals, not an inborn trait; attributed by members to individual most accomplished, knowledgeable, personable, of value to group mission and identity |
Two leadership function categories | task and maintenance |
Task leader | primary responsibility is getting the task done, affects the communication flow, does not need to be well liked, emerges from group over period of time |
Geier | he reported that a process of elimination of possible contenders for leadership takes place in the initial meetings of any group (note to be informed, participate, be flexible, and encourage) |
Maintenance leader | primary role is to build and maintain morale of group; relieve tension, manage conflict, and build solidarity; better liked than task leader; emerges over time from group |
Styles of Leadership | Theory X and Theory Y |
McGregor | suggested that the style of a leader, or the way the leader tries to exercise influence over group members, is related to the assumptions that the leader makes about followers (Theory X & Y) |
Theory X | leaders assume people are lazy and don’t want to work, don’t want responsibility, aren't creative in problem solving, are only motivated by lower level needs (survival, food, money, etc.), people must be closely supervised and controlled; autocratic style |
Theory Y | leaders assume people like to work and it comes as naturally to them as play, want self-control & responsibility, creative in problem solving & like making decisions, motivated by higher level needs, self-directing & self-monitoring; democratic style |
Autocratic style | suitable for quantity of output, simple/repetitive tasks, and limited time |
Democratic style | suitable for creative, original output, complex problems |
Personal leadership template | be informed, participate, be flexible, encourage participation |
What are the 3 types of group roles?
Benne and Sheats defined three categories of group roles: task roles, personal and social roles, and dysfunctional or individualistic roles.
What are the types of roles in a group?
There are four fundamental roles to consider: leader/facilitator, arbitrator/monitor, notetaker/time keeper, and devil's advocate.
What are group task roles examples?
Examples of Task Roles.
Leader – helps the group define and achieve goals..
Initiator – contributor: Offers ideas and suggestions..
Opinion seeker — requests info..
Information giver..
Secretary – recorder..
Devil's advocate – prevents “group think”.
What are self
Self-centered role behaviors are those that seek to divert the group's attention to the group member exhibiting the behavior. These roles include central negative, monopolizer, stage hog, egghead, self-confessor, and insecure compliment seeker.